2023屆山東省臨沂市高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題 附答案

2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（模擬）英語2023.5本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿分120分。考試用時100分鐘。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AHereisashortenedlistofbooksplannedbyTIMEandTIMEforKidsthataresuitableforelementaryschoolers.Tomakethelist,weaskedforsubmissionsfromclimateandeducationexperts.Wethenconsideredhowage-appropriatethematerialwas,andwhetherthetoneandstorylineleftthereaderfeelingengagedandempowered-ratherthananxiousoroverwhelmed.WEAREWATERPROTECTORSByCaroleLindstrom;illustratedbyMichaelaGoadeAtribute（致敬）tonativetribesthatareprotectingtheplanet,thisbookmetaphoricallyshowstheharmsofoilpipelines.Kidswillseethevalueofcommunityaction,whileadultswillrecognizethestoryoftheStandingRockSioux'sfightagainsttheDakotaAccessPipeline.THEBOYWHOHARNESSEDTHEWINDByWilliamKamkwambaandBryanMealer;illustratedbyElizabethZunonThepicture-bookeditionofthismemoirrecountstheauthor'steenageexperiencebuildingawindmillfromscrapmaterialsduringanextremedrought-aninspiringtaleforfutureclean-energyengineers.THELORAXByDr.SeussThankstoitsrhymeandfancifulillustrations,thisclassictaleissuitableforyoungchildrenwhocangraspthescarcityofnaturalresources,andalsoolderkidswhocanseeadangerinvaluingprofitsoverlong-termenvironmentalharm.CLIMATECHANGE,THECHOICEISOURSByDavidMiles;illustratedbyAlbertPinillaEveryleftpagedefinesaclimate-changeissuewhileeveryrightpagefeaturesaspinwheel,givingkidsthe"choice"ofhowwecaneitheraddresstheproblemorworsenit.1.Whosebookwillyoupreferifyouwanttobeawindenergyengineer?A.BryanMealer. B.DavidMiles.C.MichaelaGoade. D.Dr.Seuss.2.Whichbookguidesreaderstomakeoptionsaboutenviornmentprotection?A.THELORAX.B.WEAREWATERPROTECTORS.C.THEBOYWHOHARNESSEDTHEWIND.D.CLIMATECHANGE,THECHOICEISOURS.3.Whatdothefourbookshaveincommon?A.Theyareintendedforkidsinthekindergarten.B.Theplotsaremysteriousandgetthereadersinvolved.C.Theirmaterialsareeditedbyclimateandeducationexperts.D.Theyareaboutenvironmentprotectionandhavepicturesattached.BOnatramsmoothlypullingintotheheartofLuxembourgCity,Marckgivesasmileandtakesalookatthefabricoftheseatnexttohim.Forhim,thecity'stramsaremorethanjusttransport.Moreeventhanthefocusofhisjob.Theyareabouttransforminghiscountryand,perhaps,changingtheworld.MarckisthedirectorgeneralofLuxtram,Luxembourg'smoderntrams.Itfirststartedrunningservicestwoyearsago.Nextyear,Luxembourgwillbecometheworld'sonlycountrytogetridoffaresonallitsformsofpublictransport.Luxembourg'strafficproblemscomefromitsarmyofworkers.Thepopulationofthecapitalcityalmostdoublesduringtheworkingday,whenmorethan110,000peopletravelinandout.Afterthreedecadeswhenitsroadshavebecomesocrowded,Luxembourgisgoingtodosomethingremarkable.Freefares,andaplantopersuadepeopletoswitchfromcarstotramsortrains.Marck,alongwithmanyothers,isexcitedtoseewhathappensnext."Thefactthatthisisfreemeansthateveryonecanuseit—youngorold,richorpoor,"hesaid."Everyonecansaytothemselvesit'sbettertoleavethecarathome.Wemustcontinuetoimproveandextendthenetwork.Itmustalwaysbecomfortable,well-connected,efficient."LydiePolfer,thecity'smayor,saysshehopestoreachthepointwheremorethanathirdofpeoplecomeintothecityusingpublictransport—atthemoment,it'slessthanoneinfive.Shesaid,"It'snotpracticaltobancarsbecausesomepeople,liketheelderly,needthem.Buteveryonehastobeawarethatheorshecandosomethingtoimprovethesituation.ThereisanexpressioninGerman-youarenotinthetrafficjam—youarethetrafficjam,andthatistrue.Ithinkthatmakingitfreewillbethebiggestargumentsforpeopletousepublictransport."4.WhydoesMarckthinkthecity'stramsaremorethanjusttransport?A.Thetramsarehisgoalthathestrivesfor.B.Therearemoremeansoftransportationthantrams.C.City'stramsbringmorechangesbeyondtransport.D.ThetramsaretheheartofLuxembourgCitytransportsystem.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecauseofthetrafficproblems. B.Themeansofpublictransport.C.Thedevelopmentofrunningservices. D.Theincreaseofworkingpopulation.6.Whatconcernspeoplemostwhenusingthepublictransport?A.Theconvenience. B.Thefare.C.Thecomfort. D.Theefficiency.7.WhatcanbeinferredfromwhatLydiePolfersaid?A.Theelderlyneedn'tusepublictransport.B.It'spossibletopersuademostpeopletousethetrams.C.Everyonecandohisparttoimprovetransportsituation.D.Thosewhodon'ttakepublictransportcausetrafficjams.CHaveyoueverwishedyoucouldbebetterorganisedormoresociable?Perhapsyou'reaconstantworrier,andyou'dprefertobealittlemorecarefree?Manysurveysshowthatatleasttwo-thirdsofpeoplewouldliketochangesomeelementsoftheirpersonality.Inthepast,suchdesiresappearedtobeunachievable.Liketheproverbialleopardthatcouldneverchangeitsspots,ourvirtuesandflawswerebelievedtobewovenintothefabricofourminds.Recentscientificresearch,however,provesthisexpectationofpersonality'spermanencewrong.Withtherightpsychologicalstrategiesandenougheffort,manypeoplecansuccessfullyshapetheircorepersonalitiesintowhattheydesire.Ourgenesalmostcertainlyplayarole:it'swhypeople'spersonalitiesoftenreflecttheirbiologicalparents'ones.Theinfluenceofoursocialenvironmentwasthoughttoendinearlyadulthood,asthebrainreachedmaturity.Ifthisweretrue,itwouldn'tbepossibletoshiftpersonalityatwill.YetthatisexactlywhatpsychologyprofessorNathanHudsonandhiscolleagueshaveshownwithaseriesofgroundbreakingstudies.Theinterventionsintheirstudiestypicallyinvolvearrangingregularactivitiesthatreflectthepersonalitiespeoplewishtoadopt.Aquietpersonwhowishedtobemoreoutgoing,forexample,mighthavethegoalofintroducingthemselvestoastrangeronceaweek,ormakingsmalltalkwiththecashierattheirlocalsupermarket.Theaimisforthethinkingpatternsandbehaviourstheygeneratetobecomehabitual.Inthefirsttrial,providedparticipantsactuallycompletedthosearrangedtasks,theirpersonalitiesshiftedinthedesireddirection.Similarlyexcitingresultscouldbeseeninalatertrial.Thedifferencesofparticipants'personalitiesbeforeandaftertheinterventionwerestillapparentthreemonthsaftertheexperimenthadended.AsAristotlearguedmorethan2,300yearsago,webecomewhatwerepeatedlydo.Theunexpectedplasticityofourmindsshouldbegoodnewsforanyonewhowishestheywereabitmoresociable,organised,orhappy-go-lucky.Anotherpotentialbenefitisthatawarenessofthisresearchcouldhelpimprovementalhealth.8.Whyis"leopard"mentionedinparagraph2?A.Toexplainthatourmindsconsistofvirtuesandflaws.B.Toshowthesimilaritybetweenleopardsandhumanbeings.C.Toproveapossibilitythatpeoplecanchangetheirpersonality.D.Todemonstratethepreviousbeliefthatpersonalitiesremainfixed.9.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe"interventions"?A.Thetwotrialsreacheddifferentconclusions.B.Activitiesaretailoredtospecificpersonalitites.C.Thepurposeistobetterpeople'spersonalities.D.People'spersonalitiescanbechangedbutcan'tlast.10.WhathasNathanHudson'steamshownthroughtheirstudies?A.Thepreviousexpectationofpersonality'spermanencewasconfirmed.B.Theinfluenceofoursocialenvironmentendswhenthebrainmatures.C.Thedesiretochangesomeelementsofourpersonalitycanbeachieved.D.Ourgenesplayagreaterroleinourpersonalitythansocialenvironment.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WeAreWhatWeDo B.HabitsMakeThingsEasierC.YourPersonalityIsNotSetInStoneD.ALeopardNeverChangesItsSpotsDYoumayhavewonderedhowlavenderisusedforsocialanxiety.Butfirst,justwhatislavender?Lavender,alsoknownasEnglishorgardenlavender,isaherbnativetotheMediterraneanregion.Historically,lavenderwasusedtomummifybodiesinEgypt,inbathsinGreeceandRome,andforcuringthebrokenskinandmentalhealthpurposes.Today,lavenderisusedasatraditionalorcomplementaryremedyforrelaxation,toreduceanxiety,anddepression,aswellasfordiseasessuchasstomachupsetandheadaches.Noscientificstudieshavespecificallyexaminedthebenefitsoflavenderuseforsocialanxietydisorder.Ina2000study,CookandErnstreportedthatingeneral,aromatherapy（芳香療法）ishelpfulinreducinganxietyandstressintheshort-term.A2012studyalsoshowedsomeevidenceoftheusefulnessoflavendertakenforanxiety.Moreresearchisneededtosupporttheuseoflavenderforthetreatmentofsocialanxietydisorder.Lavenderisusuallyusedintheformofanessentialoilaspartofaromatherapy.Thescentisinhaled,ortheoilisappliedtotheskin,whichwillbenefittheanxiouspeoplequickly.Driedlavendercanalsobeusedtomakeateaorliquidextract.Lavendermayalsobetakeninpillform.Lavenderteacanbemadebyusing1to2teaspoonsofdriedleavesfor15minutesinacupofboilingwater.Inliquidextractform,nomorethan60dropsoflavendershouldbetakeninaday.Beforetakinglavenderinliquidform,youshouldreadtheproductlabelanddiscussthedosewithaqualifiedhealthcareprovider.Thereisnotenoughscientificevidencetosafelyrecommendlavenderforchildrenyoungerthan18years.Lavendertakenbymouthhasthepotentialtoincreasetheriskofbleeding.Ifyousufferfromableedingdisorderoraretakingmedicinethatmayincreasebleeding,usecautionwhentakinglavender.12.Whatcanweknowaboutlavenderfromparagraphl?A.Itcanhelpdealwithmentalhealthproblems.B.ItwasusedtopreservedeadbodiesinGreece.C.Itwasusedtocurestomachupsetandheadaches.D.ItisaherbintroducedintotheMediterraneanregion.13.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A.Thetreatmentforsocialanxietydisorder.B.Thehistoryofaromatherapyreducingstress.C.Thebenefitsoflavenderusedformentaldisorder.D.Theresearchesontheuseoflavenderforsocialanxiety.14.Howisparagraph3developed?A.Bycollectingdata. B.Bymakingalist.C.Byintroducingconcepts. D.Bymakingcomparisons.15.Whatcanwelearnabouttakinglavenderfromthetext?A.Itmayworsenthebleeding.B.It'sprovedtobeunsafeforkidsof14.C.Lavenderinpillformfunctionsbetterthanthatinliquid.D.Adoseshouldbedecidedaccordingtotheproductlabel.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Beinglateisatendencythatsomepeoplecannotseemtoshake.Manyfactorscontributetocontinuallateness,includingtimeperception,timemanagementandpersonality.Weallknowsomeonewhoneverseemstobeontime,whetherit'stoalunchdateoraworkmeeting.16"Itislikelythatthere'samechanisminthebrainthatcausessomepeopletobelateformeetingsbecausetheyunderestimatethetimeitwilltakethemtogetthere,"HugoSpiers,aprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondontoldLiveScience.17Researchsuggeststhatneuronsinthehippocampus（海馬體）actingas"timecells"contributetoourperceptionandmemoryofevents,butwhyexactlysomepeoplecontinuallyunderestimatetimeisunclear.Onefactormaybehowfamiliarwearewithaspace.Forthe2017study,Spiersasked20studentswhohadnewlymovedtoLondontosketchamapoftheircollegedistrictandestimatetraveltimestodifferentdestinations.Thestudents'spaceestimatesexpandediftheyknewanareawell.18"Ifyou'reveryfamiliarwithaspace,youstarttodiscountthetroubleitwilltake,"Spierssaid.Anotherenvironmentalfactormaybecrowdedness.Ina2022studyinthejournalVirtualReality,researchersaskedparticipantstoestimatethelengthofmoreorlesscrowdedsimulated(模擬的)subwaytrips.Theyfoundthatcrowdedcommutesfeltliketheytook10%longerthanlessbusyrides.1920Certaincharacterfeatures,suchasreducedconscientiousness（責(zé)任心）,cancausesomepeopletoforgettasksthattheyhadplannedaheadoftime.A.Personalityalsoplaysaroleinrunninglate.B.Thatwaslinkedtoitbeinganunpleasantexperience.C.Wemaketimeestimatesbasedonhowurgentthetasksare.D.However,theirestimatesoftraveltimecontractedwithfamiliarity.E.Butisthereagoodexplanationforwhysomepeoplearealwayslate?F.Aregionofthebrain,calledhippocampus,processessomeaspectsoftime.G.That'sbecausepeoplewhorunlatetellthemselvesandotherstheycanbepunctual.第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。Itisn'teverydaythatthefutureandthepastmeetonnationaltelevision.PeterDavies,a100-year-oldWorldWarIIveteranfromMacclesfield,Englandstruggledtofind21inhislifeafterhiswifepassedaway.22,whenhisdaughtersuggestedheofferhishelpatthelocalelementaryschool,hedecidedto23it.Peter24atDeanValleyPrimarySchool,Bollington,andheisahugehitwithallofthechildrenhetutors.Hemakesreadingintoafungame,andhisnew25asagrandfatherlyfiguremakeshimfeelmore26tohiscommunitythaneverbefore."Thekidsare27;theyarelikesponges（海綿）．"saidPeter．"I'msureIgetmoreoutofitthanthe28do.I'mnotthisoldmanwholivesonhisown.I'mpartofthe29,whichisgreat.Plusmystreet30isextremelygoodbecauseI'llbegoing31inthevillageandachildwillshoutout'HelloMr.Davies,'andIfeel32."In2023,PeterreceivedaBritishEmpireMedal(BEM)fromKingCharlesIII!Now,33beingjustfamouslocally,Peterisanationalcelebrity.Herecently34ontelevisionwiththeyoungestrecipientoftheBEM,18-year-oldauthorandenvironmentalistDaraMcAnulty."Heisthe35,Iamthepast,"PetersaidofDara.21.A.meaning B.wisdom C.standard D.courage22.A.Meanwhile B.Nevertheless C.Therefore D.Moreover23.A.prove B.explore C.manage D.attempt24.A.works B.volunteers C.registers D.engages25.A.reputation B.status C.post D.state26.A.connected B.restricted C.equal D.inferior27.A.flexible B.naughty C.patient D.great28.A.heroes B.humans C.children D.adults29.A.society B.population C.community D.nation30.A.reaction B.effort C.devotion D.credit31.A.anywhere B.nowhere C.somewhere D.elsewhere32.A.grateful B.honored C.ambitious D.surprised33.A.inadditionto B.insteadof C.dueto D.inspiteof34.A.appeared B.performed C.advertised D.shared35.A.prospect B.trend C.present D.future第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheChiefExecutiveOfficerofBeijingAiqiTechnologyYangZhanghasrevivedtheChineseculturalpracticeofusingthemortiseandtenon（榫卯）techniqueforconstructionwhichisontheedgeofextinction.Heusedtheancientmortiseandtenontechnique36(construct)theTurretofPalaceMuseumata1:81miniscale.Thechoiceof"TurretofPalaceMuseum"asthethemefortheminibuildingblockproject37(base)onseveralfactors.38(locate)intheForbiddenCityofBeijing,thisarchitecturaltreasureboaststhemostdelicatedesignandelegantshapeamongChineseroyalbuildings.Itwashistoricallyresponsible39protectingthepalace.Thecomplexlayoutoftheturretposed40unprecedented（史無前例的）technicalchallengeforZhangandhisteamofdesignersanddevelopers.Unlikeconventionalbuildingblock41(toy),Zhangaimedtocreateamodelmade42(entire)ofauthenticmortiseandtenoncomponents.Theentireprocessofdesigntooknearlyfiveyears,withhundredsofdesigniterationsandcontinuousadjustments.Themortiseandtenontechnique,43istheprimaryconstructionmethodusedinancientChinesearchitectureandrepresentsthecoreof44(tradition)Chinesewoodworking,isgainingincreasing45(recognize)amongthepublic.第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）你的留學(xué)生朋友Paul要參加“中國古詩詞朗讀大賽”，請你給他推薦一首古詩，用唐朝詩人王之渙的《登鸛雀樓》或其他你喜歡的古詩進(jìn)行推薦。要點如下：1．詩歌名稱及作者；2．推薦理由：寫作手法及內(nèi)涵等。附： 登鸛雀樓OntheStorkTower王之渙WangZhihuan白日依山盡，Thesunbeyondthemountainglows；黃河入海流。TheYellowRiverseawardsflows.欲窮千里目，Youcanenjoyagrandersight；更上一層樓。Byclimbingtoagreaterheight.（許淵沖譯）注意：1．詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2．請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearPaul,Delightedtoknowyouwillparticipateinthecontest,I’dliketorecommendYours,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫一段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Theautomobileindustryisspendingbillionsonself-drivingcars,justsowecansitinthebackseatlikesomehigh-poweredcorporateexecutive.Butwhatifwequitelikedriving?Onholidayafewyearsago,Ispenthoursbeingtransportedontrains,busesandplanes.Then,finally,camethesectionoftheholidayduringwhichIhiredasetofwheels.Afterdecadesofmarriage,itwasnotoftenthatyoureceivedrealpraisefromyourpartner,butonthehighwaysofCretecomplimentscamewitheverysuccessfulaction."Oh,welldone!"saidJocasta,hervoicefullofadmiration,asInavigatedaroundaboutwithoutkillingusboth.Intotheroundabout（環(huán)島）Iwent,slowingdownasweentered,thenspeedingupaswereturnedtothestraight.Really,itwaslikedrivinginaFlrace.Weturnedright,thenrightagain,followingtheGPSnavigationsystem,andfoundourselvesinasmallCretantown.IspokestrictlytotheGPS:"Wedon'twanttobehere;wewantthehighway."Itinstructedmetoturnrightoncemore.Witheveryturnthestreetnarrowed.Itwaslikebeinginamagicalshrinkingroom.Weretracted（縮回）thesidemirrors.Wetookanotherturn.Thenewroadwasevennarrower,thewallssocloseyoufeltcompelledtoholdyourbreath.Anothercarappearedcomingtowardsusfromtheoppositedirection.Thedrivergestured,tellingmeIwouldhavetomakeway.Buthow?Ididn'thavethenervetobackupalongtheimpossiblynarrowroad.Therewasanarrowgarageopeningtooneside,asmallsidestreettotheother.IfIcouldsqueezethecarforwardintothegarage,Icouldthenbackintothesidestreet,allowingtheothercartopass.Localsarrived,standingonvarioussidesofthevehicle,helpfullyindicatingthatIhadacentimetretosparehereamillimetrethere.Therewerebrickwallsonbothsidesofthecar.TherewaszerochancethatIwouldn'tdamagethevehicle.注意：1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請按