教學(xué)課件-MBA研究生英語綜合教程(第二版)

Unit1GlobalizationLEAD-IN2RelatedExpressionsinternationalizationlocalizationencompassassumptionadaptanticipate3Lead-inQuestionsWhatdoessuccessfulglobalizationinvolve?Whatwillhappenifglobalconcernsandplansforafter-marketsupportarenotmadebeforeproductdevelopmentbegins?Whattechnicalprocessesdoesglobalizationcomprise?Whatdoesinternationalizationmean?Howislocalizationdefinedinthepassage?4Whatdoessuccessfulglobalizationinvolve?Successfulglobalizationinvolveschangingthewayanorganizationdoesbusiness.5Whatwillhappenifglobalconcernsandplansforafter-marketsupportarenotmadebeforeproductdevelopmentbegins?Costswillgoupandqualityproblemswillemerge.6Whattechnicalprocessesdoesglobalizationcomprise?Internationalizationandlocalization.7Whatdoesinternationalizationmean?Itmeansthatallculturalassumptionsareremovedandanycountry-orlanguage-specificcontentisstoredexternallytotheproductsothatitcanbeeasilyadapted.8Howislocalizationdefinedinthepassage?Localizationreferstotheactualadaptationoftheproductforaspecificmarket.9

Thinkaboutwhetherglobalizationismakingtheworldbetterorworse.Usespecificexamplestosupportyourideas.10FreeTrade11GlobalWarming12READING13UsefulExpressionsinterconnectancientdramaticallytariffsubsidyboostdistributerestructurepercapitanetassetneo-liberalwithdrawtelephonyrevolutionizeautomationdisplaceinterdependence14UsefulExpressionsinterconnect

使互相連接，使互相聯(lián)系Thecausesaremanyandmayinterconnect.

原因很多，而且還可能互相關(guān)聯(lián)。15UsefulExpressionsancient年代久遠(yuǎn)的，悠久的TheybelievedancientGreeceandRomewerevitalsourcesoflearning.

他們認(rèn)為古希臘和古羅馬是至關(guān)重要的知識來源。

16UsefulExpressionsdramatically顯著地，引人注目地Notonlyhaveweovercomethemall,Buffettpointedout,butourstandardoflivinghasincreaseddramatically–nearlysevenfoldinthelastcentury.

巴菲特指出，我們不僅完全克服了他們而且在這個世紀(jì)末我們的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)戲劇性地增長了近七倍。17UsefulExpressionstariff關(guān)稅Americawantstoeliminatetariffsonitemssuchaselectronics.

美國想要取消電子類產(chǎn)品的關(guān)稅。18UsefulExpressionssubsidy補(bǔ)貼金Europeanfarmersareplanningamassivedemonstrationagainstfarmsubsidycuts.

歐洲的農(nóng)場主們正在策劃一場反對削減農(nóng)場補(bǔ)貼的大游行。19UsefulExpressionsboost促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)Lowerinterestratescanboosttheeconomybyreducingborrowingcostsforconsumersandbusinesses.

低利率可以通過為消費(fèi)者和商家降低借貸成本來促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。Weneedabigwintoboostourconfidence.

我們需要一場大勝來增強(qiáng)我們的自信心。20UsefulExpressionsdistribute分布，分散Wedidn’tunderstandhowdifficultitwastodistributeanationalpaper.

我們不明白配銷一份全國性的報紙有多么困難。21UsefulExpressionsrestructure重新建構(gòu)ThepresidentcalledoneducatorsandpoliticianstohelphimrestructureAmericaneducation.

該總統(tǒng)號召教育家和政治家們幫助他重新建構(gòu)美國的教育。22UsefulExpressionspercapita人均的Theyhavetheworld'slargestpercapitaincome.

他們有世界上最高的人均收入。23UsefulExpressionsnet凈的，純的Whatyouactuallyreceiveisnetofdeductions.

你實(shí)際上得到的是凈扣除額。Therehasbeenanetgaininjobsinourcountry.

我們國家的工作機(jī)會最終還是增多了。24UsefulExpressionsasset資本，資產(chǎn)Ourcreativityinthefieldoftechnologyisourgreatestasset.

我們在技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)造力是我們最大的資本。Bytheendof1989thegrouphadassetsof$3.5billion.

到1989年底該集團(tuán)已有35億美元的資產(chǎn)。25UsefulExpressionsneo-liberal新自由主義Sowhatlessonsaretobelearnedfromthefailureoftheneo-liberaleconomicmodel?

那么我們到底要從新自由主義經(jīng)濟(jì)模式的失敗中吸取些什么教訓(xùn)呢？26UsefulExpressionswithdraw撤出（資本）Hestatedthatallforeignforceswouldwithdrawassoonasthecrisisended.

他聲明危機(jī)一結(jié)束所有外國軍隊就會撤退。Openasavingsaccountthatdoesnotchargeridiculousfeestowithdrawmoney.

開立一個取錢時不荒唐地收取費(fèi)用的儲蓄賬戶。27UsefulExpressionstelephony通話Theseopticalfibersmaybeusedfornewsortsoftelephony.

這些光纖可以應(yīng)用在新型電話通訊系統(tǒng)。28UsefulExpressionsrevolutionize徹底改革Overthepastfortyyearsplasticshaverevolutionizedthewaywelive.

在過去40年里，塑料完全改變了我們的生活方式。29UsefulExpressionsautomation自動化Theyphraseinnewmachineryforincreasedautomation.

他們逐步采用新機(jī)器以提高自動化程度。30UsefulExpressionsdisplace取代，替代Thesefactorieshavedisplacedtourismasthecountry’slargestsourceofforeignexchange.

這些工廠已經(jīng)取代了旅游業(yè)而成為該國最大的外匯來源。31UsefulExpressionsinterdependence相互依賴However,Ihaveatleastacertaindegreeofawarenessofthisinterdependence.

不過，我至少一定程度上意識到了這種相互依賴性。32StartingUpQuestionWhatcharacterizesthephenomenonofglobalization?Doyouthinktheeffectsofglobalizationarepositiveornegative?33Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly1.Whathascausedthegrowthofworldtradesince1955?Thegrowthintradehasbeenlargelycausedbydramaticimprovementsincommunicationandtransportandtheadoptionoffreetradeprinciplesacrosstheworld.34Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly2.Whathasbeenarguedaboutnationaleconomies?Nationaleconomiesthattradeopenlyandfreelywiththeinternationaleconomyhaveconsistentlygrownmuchfasterthanthosecountriesthattrytoisolatethemselves.35Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly3.WhyhaveLDCsinAfricanandnetfood-importingcountrieshadlittlebenefitfrominternationalfreetradeagreements?ReasonsincludethecontinuedsubsidizationoffoodproductioninpartsofthedevelopedworldanddependenceofLDCeconomiesoncommoditiesratherthanmanufacturedgoodsandservices.36Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly4.Whatarethesolutionsadvocatedbyneo-liberaleconomistsandpoliticalleaders?Solutionsincludedprivatizingallstateenterprises,removingallobstaclestoforeigninvestment,loweringtaxes,reducinggovernmentspendingandremovingcontrolsonfinancialinstitutions.37Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly5.Whyhavesomesectorssuchasagricultureandmanufacturingwitnessedsignificantdropsinemployment?Itisduetoincreasedautomationorbecausetheenterpriseshavenotkeptupwithrapidchangesintheglobalmarketplace.38CompletethefollowingpassagebyfillingeachofthenumberedblankswithonesuitablewordRapidadvances

ininformationtechnologyhaveimprovedproductivityinmostindustries.Newindustries,suchasInternetService

Providers,andnewformsofemployment,suchasITspecialists,havealsobeencreated.Businesspractices

havebeenevolutionizedbythefreeflowofinformationandautomatingtechnologieswhichallowproducerstoaccessraw

materialsjustwhentheyneedthemandsupply

productsinamoretimelymanner.Thewaywebuy

andsellproductshasalsochangeddramaticallywiththeemergenceofe-businesses,suchasAmazon.Informationaboutfinancialmarkets

canspreadaroundtheworldatincreasingspeeds

andfinancialtransactions

canoccurinasplitsecond.Asaresult,enterprises,individualsandevennationshaveincreasedaccesstocapital

andfinancialproductsforinvestmentorspeculation.advancesServicepracticesrawsupplybuymarketsspeedstransactionscapital39TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish1.隨著全球化戲劇性地重塑我們的世界，人們?nèi)栽诩ち覡幷撊蚧菐砹朔e極影響還是消極影響。Asglobalizationdramaticallyreshapesourworld,debatesrageaboutwhethertheeffectsofglobalizationarepositiveornegative.40TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish2.最近幾十年的國際貿(mào)易會議通過降低關(guān)稅和補(bǔ)貼，有效促進(jìn)了富裕國家間的制成品貿(mào)易。Internationaltrademeetingsinrecentdecadeshavehelpedboosttradeinmanufacturedgoodsbetweenrichcountriesbyreducingtariffsandsubsidies.41TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish3.該系統(tǒng)已允許他們重建經(jīng)濟(jì)，并使他們成為原材料的進(jìn)口商和更有價值的人造材料及后續(xù)服務(wù)的出口商。Thesystemhasallowedthemtorestructuretheireconomiessothattheybecomeimportersofrawmaterialsandexportersofmorevaluablemanufacturedmaterialsand,later,services.42TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish4.這種資本自由流動于全球，但其所有權(quán)仍高度集中于富裕國家和一些發(fā)展中國家。Thiscapitalflowsfreelyaroundtheglobebutownershipofthecapitalishighlyconcentratedamongrichcountriesandafewdevelopingcountries.43TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish5.金融市場的信息以不斷增加的速度在世界各地傳播，且金融交易可以在轉(zhuǎn)瞬間發(fā)生。Informationaboutfinancialmarketscanspreadaroundtheworldatincreasingspeedsandfinancialtransactionscanoccurinasplitsecond.44LISTENING45A.Matchthefollowingwordswiththeirmeanings1.I2.j3.a4.e5.g6.h7.b8.c9.d10.f46B.Answerthefollowingquestions1.Globalizationstillremainsonthesurface.2.Absolutely!Eveninmoredevelopedregionsthispracticeholdstrue.3.Itcouldbethatculturewillultimatelybecomehomogenized,butitwouldtakeawhile.47B.Answerthefollowingquestions4.Inthe1950sand1960s,AsialookeduptotheUnitedStatesasamodelofmodernization.Now,AsianslookmoreatthedarksideoftheAmericansocietyandtheyfeelthatAmericaisnotaveryattractivemodel.48C.WriteyouranswersinthespacesprovidedComponentsofCultureDeepermoralnormsthataffecthowpeoplelinktogether.DeeperIdentitiesforCultureLanguage,socialnetwork,religion,andraceSocialNetworkinLatin-AmericanCountriesManyofthelargestcompaniesarealmostalwayscontrolledbyagroupoffamilies.49D.Writeyouranswersinthespacesprovided1.Asetofculturalattributesthatmustaccompanyeconomicmodernizationincludeagreaterdegreeofindividualism.Thatistosay,peoplewillbeevaluatedontheirachievementratherthanintermsoftheirfamilybackgrounds.2.

ThatpeopleseemtothinkglobalizationisgoingtobemuchmorehomogenizingthanitreallyisbothersProfessorCarterabouttherecentdiscussionsofglobalization.3.Itistheprosperity

broughtaboutbyglobalizationthatpermitsculturestoreallyasserttheirownuniqueness.individualismachievement2.Thatpeopleseemtothinkglobalizationisgoingtobemuchmorehomogenizingthanitreallyisprosperity50E.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrue(T)orFalse(F)1.F2.T3.F51SPEAKING52A.Toensurethatthefreetradecangosmoothly,someregionalandinternationaleconomicorganizationshavebeenbuiltup.Matchthetwocolumns,andsharewiththeclasswhatyouknowabouttheseorganizations,basedonyourpreviousknowledgeandresearchontheInternet.53B.Participateinamockglobaltradeconference,inwhichrepresentativesofmanycountriesdiscussimportantinternationaltradeissuessuchasbarriers,tariffsandquotas.Eachstudentorapairofstudentsshouldresearchanassignedcountry,investigatingthecountry’simports,exports,economicstabilityorinstability,politicalatmosphere,currentevents,andanyotherrelevantinformation.Studentsthenrepresenttheirassignedcountries’viewsinthemocktradeconference,alwaysrememberinghowthegroups’decisionswillaffecttheir“homecountries”.54EXTENDEDTASK55Readthefollowingpassage“Wemustresistde-globalization”byDavidGreenawayanddiscusswhatlessonsyoucanlearn.56Globalizationisstillanemotiveword,butthephenomenonhasbeengoingonforcenturies.WhathavetheRomanseverdoneforus?Well,theyplayedtheirpart.China’sHanDynasty(206BC-AD220)wasacrucialcomponentofthesamewell-establishedtradenetworkof2,000yearsago,andnowthecountryonceagainstandsattheheartoftheworldeconomy.ButfewnationsknowbetterthanChinathatglobalizationcangobackwardaswellasforward.Witnessthe400yearsofisolationbeforethesweepingeconomicreformsthathavewroughtsuchadramatictransformationduringthepastthreedecades.Now,quitesuddenly,thethreatofisolationismloomsagain.Allovertheworld,bankersandinvestorshaveretreatedtotheirdomesticmarkets,drivenbackbytheenervatingeffectsoftheglobalfinancialmeltdown.57Twoyearsago,theBankforInternationalSettlements(BIS)releasedanalarmingsetoffiguresthatrevealedcross-borderlendinghadplummetedby$4.8trillion(3.37trillioneuros)intheninemonthstoDecember2008.Thiswasthemostdramaticfalleverrecorded.Althoughitslatestfiguresinevitablydemonstrateameasureofrecovery,thesameinstitutionrecentlywarnedthatdivergencebetweenmarketsmeansthereisgreateruncertaintynowthanbeforewhathasbecomeknownastheGreatRecession.Itwasataroundthesametimethattherecordfallincross-borderlendingwasannouncedthatChinafirstfloatedtheideaofasuper-sovereignreservecurrencytosupplanttheUSdollar.Astheoncemightywaveoffinancialglobalizationreceded,thisrepresentedadramaticstatementofintentfromtheworld'semergingsuperpower.58Toremindusthisconcepthasbynomeansbeenforgotten,XuHong-cai,adeputydirectorattheChinaCenterforInternationalEconomicExchanges,recentlyproducedapaperthatcalledforanendtothedominanceofthedollarintheinterestsof“stabilityandfairness”.HiscallwaspublicizedaheadofaG20seminaratwhichChina’sownexchangeratewasnotupfordiscussion.Withconfidencelowandtensionshigh,itseemstheonlythingthecreditcrunchhashelpedtospreadisfear.Wefindourselvespotentiallyteeteringonthebrinkonaneraofde-globalization-andthatisaworryingprospect.Atthispointitmightbeofbenefittoreassureourselvesthattheterm“globalization”,althoughitbecamewidespreadonlyinthelatterpartofthe20thcentury,isbynomeansanewoccurrence.59AncientEgypt’stradeintheNearEastmightbeconsideredanearlyexample.Morerecognizably,theSilkRoadbetweenChinaandtheRomanEmpireandtheeffortsoftradersandexplorersduringtheIslamicGoldenAgerepresentimportantlandmarksintheprocess.Fast-forwardtothepresentdayandwefindatrulyworldwidenexusoftrade,technologicalandfinancialintegration,investmentandmigration,embodiedandexemplifiedbyglobalorganizationsincludingtheInternationalMonetaryFundandtheWorldTradeOrganization.Insomerespects,theso-calleddeathofdistanceisallbutcomplete.Thecriticismsofglobalizationarewellknown.Increasedinequality,povertyandsocialexclusion,imbalancesineconomicpoweranddoublestandardsininternationalrulesareregularlycited.Theypresentchallengesthathavetobemanaged.However,theymustbeweighedagainstveryrealandtangiblegains.60Globalizationbringsmoreefficientuseofscarceresources,agreaterandcheaperrangeofgoodsandservices,reducedpoverty,fastereconomicgrowthandrisinglivingstandards.Thelasttwoofthesebenefitsareclearlylinked.Takingsomerandomexamples,wecaneasilydemonstratehowevensmalldifferencesingrowthratesleadtolargedifferencesinlivingstandards.In1900,theGDPpercapitaofArgentinaandAustriawas$2,765and$2,882ayear.Duringthecourseofthenextcenturytheirgrowthrateswere1.13percentand1.94percent.By2000,theirGDPpercapitawas$8,544and$20,077.Lookingatmorerecentsuccessstories,bothChinaandIndiahadhighlyprotectiveandinward-lookingeconomiespriortothe1990s.Evenby1992China’stariffsonimportsaveragedmorethan40percentandIndia’saprohibitive90percent.By2008,China’saveragetariffwasunder10percentandIndia'sunder30percent.61Todate,China,ofcourse,hassubstantiallyoutperformedIndia.Greaterrolesforforeigndirectinvestment,exportdevelopmentandtechnologyupgrading-allkeyelementsofglobalization-havebeencrucialtothedisparity.China’srisehasbecomeperhapsthedefiningstoryofglobalization.Moredramaticallythananyothernation,ithasshownhowincreasedglobalizationcanleadtoanincreaseinboththequantityandqualityofavailableproductiveassets.Globally,meanwhile,thenumbersspeakforthemselves.Worldwidemerchandisetradein2005-2006amountedto$11.8trillionandservicestrade$2.7trillion;foreigninvestmentflowsstoodat$916billion;andforeigninvestmentstockswereworth$10.1trillion.62Alittleoverayearlater,somewhereintheUnitedStatessubprimemortgagemarket,thetidebegantoturn.Thankstothecreditcrunchandthecripplingdreaditengendered,cross-borderflows-inmanywaystheverylifebloodofglobalization-allbutseizedup.ThiswasespeciallynotableintheUS,whichsuffereda$109billionexodusofforeigncapitalinthefinalthreequartersof2008.Inthepreviousninemonthstherewasa$774billioninflow.Foritsownpart,seeminglypromptedbytherescueofBearStearns,theUSrepatriated$750billioninthelastthreequartersof2008.Withdomesticlendingdominant,suddenlyprotectionismwasverymuchbackontheagenda-andtheprospectenduresin2011.EmergingmarketsinEuropeandtheformerSovietUnioncanexpecttosufferparticularlybadlyfromthistrend,sinceitisforeignerswhoownmuchoftheirbankingsystems.Butnobodycanexpecttoescape.63Thiswasnothowitwasmeanttobe.Economicinstabilityhasalwaysbeenalikelyobstacletoglobalization,buttradewarsandthefailureofWTOtalks-notbadmortgages-havetraditionallybeenviewedasthelikelytriggers.Ofcourse,wehavelearnttoexpecttheunexpected.InrecentyearsalonetheworldeconomyhasenduredSept11,warsinAfghanistanandIraq,SARSandtheAsiantsunami-andglobalizationsurvivedthemall.Similarly,itcamethroughthecollapseoftheBrettonWoodssystem,thedebtcrisisofthemid-1970s,theoilshocksof1973and1980,hyper-inflation,thefallofCommunisminEuropeandtheAsianfinancialcrisis.NowtheJapaneseearthquake,theso-calledArabSpringandwidespreadsovereigndebtcrisespresentnewchallenges.64De-globalization,likeglobalization,ishardlyanewphenomenon.Theeconomicchaosofthe1930sandtheSovietblocintheaftermathofWorldWarIIarejusttwoobviousinstancesofde-globalizing-and,indeed,thepainfulconsequencesitcanbring.Itisalmostimpossibletoimaginewewillplumbsuchdepthsagain.Evenamidthecurrentturmoil,globalizationisveryprobablytoofaradvanced,tooentrenched,toallowthattohappen.Itmaywellbe,asmanycommentatorshavealreadypointedout,thatthebestwecanexpectprotemporeisto“muddlethrough”;andthis,bycommonconsent,ispreciselywhatwehavebeendoing.Wecanonlyhopeitistheveryleastwemanage-otherwisetherepercussionswillbefeltfarandwideandforyearstocome.65Thankyouforyourattention!UNIT2COMPANYPROFILE67LEAD-IN68intelligencecampaignsubscriptionsubsidiarylongevityneighboringcomplementaffiliation69RELATEDEXPRESSIONSLEAD-INQUESTIONSWhatare“businesscompanyprofiles”?Whataretheobjectivesofusing“businesscompanyprofiles”?Whatisthecomponentofacompanyprofilethatincludestopexecutiveprofiles?Whatdopremierbusinessinformationproviderscomplementcompanyprofileswith?70WHATARE“BUSINESSCOMPANYPROFILES”?Businesscompanyprofilesareavaluablesourceofbusinessintelligenceoncompetitors,prospects,customersandpotentialsuppliers.71WHATARETHEOBJECTIVESOFUSING“BUSINESSCOMPANYPROFILES”?Theyareusedbyprofessionalsthatrequirebusinessinformationtomeetobjectivessuchas:preparingformeetingsandsalescalls,valuatingnewbusinessopportunities,planningmarketingcampaignsandpreparingsalesandfinancialforecasts.72Whatisthecomponentofacompanyprofilethatincludestopexecutiveprofiles?Listingsofseniorstafftosupportmarketingcampaignsandmeetingpreparation.73Whatdopremierbusinessinformationproviderscomplementcompanyprofileswith?Premierbusinessinformationproviderscomplementcompanyprofileswithin-depthbusinessreportsonspecificareasofinterest.74achartofcompanyprofilecomponentsSnapshotoftop-linedatatogiveasenseforcompanysize,longevityandviabilityCompanyinformationthatshowshowacompanyisorganizedBusinessdescriptionshowinghowthecompanypositionsitselfListingsofseniorstafftosupportmarketingcampaignsandmeetingpreparationFinancialhealthdataMarketpositiondatathatshowshowthecompanycompetesAnnouncementsandnewscoverage75READING76UsefulExpressionsdiversifiedintegrateheadquartercardiacacutegroomingportfoliodefibrillatorcardiovascularexpertiseluminairedomainleveragefootprintprocurementhazardousstakeholderactionable77UsefulExpressionsdiversified

多種經(jīng)營的，多元化的Wecouldalsoencouragemorerentals;thenpeoplecouldholdadiversifiedportfolio.

我們也可鼓勵出租，那么人們就會持有多樣化的投資組合。78UsefulExpressionsintegrate

使結(jié)合，使合并Hedidn’tintegratesuccessfullyintotheItalianwayoflife.

他沒有成功融入到意大利的生活方式中去。Integrating

thekidswith

thecommunityisessential.

使孩子們?nèi)谌脒@個社區(qū)是非常必要的。79UsefulExpressionsheadquarter

在……設(shè)總部的They

headquartered

inNewYork.

他們在紐約設(shè)立了總部。80UsefulExpressionscardiac

心臟的；心臟病的Themanwassufferingfromcardiacweakness.

這人當(dāng)時正患心臟衰弱。81UsefulExpressionsacute

嚴(yán)重的；危急的Thewarhasaggravatedanacuteeconomiccrisis.

這場戰(zhàn)爭加劇了一場嚴(yán)峻的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。Thereporthascausedacuteembarrassment

tothegovernment.

這份報告使政府極其尷尬。82UsefulExpressionsgrooming

修飾；打扮...agrowingconcernforpersonalgrooming.…對個人打扮越來越多的關(guān)注。83UsefulExpressionsportfolio

資產(chǎn)組合，投資搭配Wecouldalsoencouragemorerentals;thenpeoplecouldholdadiversifiedportfolio.

我們也可鼓勵出租，那么人們就會持有多樣化的投資組合。...RogerEarly,aportfoliomanageratFederatedInvestorsCorp.…羅杰·厄爾利，聯(lián)合投資者公司的投資組合經(jīng)理。84UsefulExpressionsdefibrillator

除纖顫器，去纖顫器Hesaidthatif

adefibrillatorwasrecommended,itwasreasonableforpatientstoasktheirdoctorsiftheymettheguidelines,andalsotoaskifthedoctorwasanelectrophysiologist.

他說，如果醫(yī)生建議植入除顫器，患者有理由詢問是否依據(jù)了前述的指導(dǎo)方針，也有理由詢問醫(yī)生是否為電生理學(xué)專家。85UsefulExpressionscardiovascular

心血管的Smokingplacesyouatseriousriskofcardiovascularandrespiratorydisease.

吸煙會嚴(yán)重增加罹患心血管和呼吸道疾病的風(fēng)險。86UsefulExpressionsexpertise

專門技能；專業(yè)知識Shewasnotanaccountantanddidn’thavetheexpertise

toverifyallofthefinancialdetails.

她不是會計，不具有核查所有這些財政細(xì)目的專業(yè)知識。87UsefulExpressionsluminaire

照明設(shè)備；光源AluminaireshallbemountedonthetestapparatusofClause16.11,directlyovertheoutletbox,intheintendedmanner.

燈具應(yīng)當(dāng)按所需要的方式直接裝在第16.11條中所指的測試設(shè)備上，在出線盒的正上方。88UsefulExpressionsdomain

網(wǎng)域，域名AnInternetsocietyspokeswomansaid

.orgdomainusers

willnotexperienceanydisruptionsduringthetransition.

一位互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)會的女發(fā)言人說，在這次過渡中，域名為的用戶不會受到任何影響。89UsefulExpressionsleverage

補(bǔ)充（如金錢）支持；影響力Hispositionasmayorgiveshim

leverage

togetthingsdone.

他的市長身份使他有能力辦成一些事情。90UsefulExpressionsfootprint

足跡；影響Hisfootprints

wereclearlyevidentintheheavydust.

他的腳印在厚厚的塵土上清晰可見。91UsefulExpressionsprocurement

采購；征購Russiawascuttingprocurementofnewweapons

“byabout80percent,”hesaid.

他說俄羅斯正“以大約百分之八十的幅度”削減新武器的補(bǔ)給。92UsefulExpressionshazardous

危險的；有害的Theyhavenowaytodisposeofthehazardouswaste

theyproduce.

他們沒法處理那些由他們制造出來的危害性廢棄物。93UsefulExpressionsstakeholder

利益相關(guān)者；股東...theDelawareRiverPortAuthority,amajorstakeholder

inPenn’sLanding.…特拉華河港務(wù)局，佩恩碼頭的一個大股東。

94UsefulExpressionsactionable

隨時付諸實(shí)施的Forcriticism,Iseekoutanyactionablesuggestions

fromtheircomments.

對于批評，我會從他們的評論中尋找任何可行的建議。95StartingUpQuestionsWhatisthefocusofRoyalPhilipsElectronics?Whatcharacterizesitasaworldleaderinindustry?96Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly1.WhatarethefieldsofPhilipsasamarketleader?Philipsisamarketleaderincardiaccare,acutecareandhomehealthcare,energyefficientlightingsolutionsandnewlightingapplications,aswellaslifestyleproductsinmaleshavingandgrooming,portableentertainmentandoralhealthcare.97Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly2.HowdoesPhilipsviewitsadvancedhealthcaresolutions?Advancedhealthcaresolutionsareafundamentalpartoftheportfolioforbothhealthcareprofessionalsandconsumers,tomeettheneedsofpatientsinhospitalsandathome.98Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly3.HowdoesPhilipsrespondtotheconsumer’sdesireforwellnessandpleasure?Philipsrespondstotheconsumer’sdesireforwellnessandpleasurebyintroducingproductsthatmeettheindividual’sinterestsintermsoftheirbodyandappearance.99Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly4.WhatisthestrategythatPhilipshasadoptedforinnovation?PhilipshasadoptedanOpenInnovationstrategywhichleveragesthejointinnovativepowerofpartneringcompaniesandresearcherstobringmoreinnovationstothemarketeffectivelyandfaster.100Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly5.WhatisanEcoDesignprocess?AnEcoDesignprocessistoidentifyenvironmentalimpactofallPhilipsproductsintermsofenergyefficiency,hazardoussubstances,take-backandrecycling,weightandlifetimereliability.101CompletethefollowingpassagebyfillingeachofthenumberedblankswithonesuitablewordPhilipsLightingistheleadingprovideroflightingsolutionsandapplicationsbothforprofessionalandconsumermarkets,transforminghowlightingisusedtoenhancethehumanexperienceintheplaceswherepeopleliveandwork.Whetherathome,ontheroad,inthecity,shopping,atworkoratschool,wearecreatinglightingsolutionsthattransformenvironments,createexperiences,andhelpshapeidentities.WeserveourcustomersthroughamarketsegmentapproachwhichencompassesHomes,OfficeandOutdoor,Industry,Retail,Hospitality,Entertainment,HealthcareandAutomotive.Forthesesegmentsweprovideawiderangeofofferingsfromacrosstheentirelightingvaluechain—fromlightsources,luminairesandlightingcontrolstolightingsolutionsandservices.PhilipsLightingemploysapproximately53,000peopleworldwide.102providermarketsworklightingshapesegmentRetailHealthcarechainemploysTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish1.我們的燈具在歐洲、拉美和亞太市場排名第一，北美第二；在汽車照明行業(yè)，我們在歐洲、拉美、日本及亞太遙遙領(lǐng)先。WearenumberoneinlampsinEurope,LatinAmericaandAsiaPacificandnumbertwoinNorthAmerica;inAutomotivelighting,weareleadinginEurope,LatinAmerica,JapanandAsiaPacific.103TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish2.在“精于心，簡于形”的品牌承諾和消費(fèi)者內(nèi)在需求的指引下，飛利浦優(yōu)質(zhì)生活提供了豐富且全新的消費(fèi)體驗(yàn)，以滿足消費(fèi)者渴望輕松生活和改善精神狀態(tài)的需求。Guidedbythebrandpromiseof“senseandsimplicity”andtheconsumerinsights,PhilipsConsumerLifestyleoffersrich,newconsumerexperiencesthatm