Unit1Grammar課件牛津譯林版英語八年級下冊

8BUnit1GrammarPresentperfecttenseRevision過去常常做某事習慣于做某事被用來做某事usedtodosth.beusedtodoingsth.beusedtodosth.他們以前經(jīng)常在公園玩耍，但現(xiàn)在習慣了在家學習。Theyusedtoplayinthepark,butnowtheyareusedtostudyingathome.你以前騎自行車上學嗎?Didyouusetorideabiketoschool?這臺機器不是用來做蛋糕的。Thismachineisnotusedtomakecakes.Revision1.Shehastaughtintheschool_______shecameherein2004.A.when B.since C.beforeD.after2.Actually,Ihavealreadybeen

himfortwoyears.A.marriedwithB.marrywithC.marriedtoD.marry3.Thereis_______meatinthefridge.Pleasebuysome.A.abitB.afewC.alittleofD.abitof4.It’simportantforus______goodmanners.A.havingB.haveC.tohaveD.had5.Mr.Smith_______inNanjingsincehe_______toChinayearsago.A.worked;hasmovedB.hasworked;hasmovedC.hasworked;movedD.wasworking;movedPresentperfecttense定義Ihavealreadyreadthebook.Ireadthebooklastyear.1.過去的動作或者狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果/影響。Ihavehadbreakfast.Ihadbreakfastyesterday.(借古諷今)1.過去的動作或者狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果/影響。(借古諷今)定義1.過去的動作或者狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果/影響。(借古諷今)Ihave

learnedEnglishfor10years.2.在過去某個時間開始，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作/狀態(tài)，有可能繼續(xù)下去。Ihave

livedinSuzhousinceIwasborn.(從古至今)向未來結(jié)構(gòu)Ihavealreadyatethecake.Hehas

watchedthefilmwithme.Wehavenotfinishedthehomework.have/has(not)+

done(過去分詞)用have/has填空They______

seenthatfilmbefore.Greatchanges_____takenplaceinChinaoverthepast10years.Myfamily______livedinthisareasince15yearsago.havehavehave句型現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句句型

Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+……Yes,主語+have/has.No,主語+have/hasnot.Shehasarrivedhere.(改為一般疑問句，并作肯定/否定回答)Hasshearrivedhere?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.句型現(xiàn)在完成時的特殊疑問句句型

特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+p.p+其它？e.g.ThegirlhaslearnedEnglishfor6years.

Howlong

hasthegirllearnedEnglish?Ihaveeatentwoapplesforbreakfast.

What

have

youeatenforbreakfast?HaveatryShehascleanedthekitchen.(改為否定句)She________cleanedthekitchen.2.TheyhavevisitedsomeinterestingplacesinChina.(改為一般疑問句)______they___________interestingplacesinChina?3.Thepoordoghasdied.(改一般疑問句并作否定回答）---_________thepoordog_________?---No,it__________.4.Theyhaveborrowedtenbooksfromthelibrary.(對劃線部分提問)____________books______they_________fromthelibrary?hasn’tHavevisitedanyHasdiedhasn’tHowmanyhaveborrowed過去分詞的構(gòu)成1.大多數(shù)的動詞的過去分詞是規(guī)則的，只需在動詞后加-ed；如：

work→workedlisten→listened

jump→jumped

visit→visited2.在以-e結(jié)尾的動詞后只加-d；如：

close→closedlike→likedagree→agreedmove→moved3.在以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，應將y改為i再加ed；例如：

study→studiedcarry→carried

try→triedworry→worried4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，要雙寫末尾輔音字母再加-ed；如：

stop→stoppeddrop→dropped

有些動詞的過去分詞是不規(guī)則的，需要特殊記憶。（課本P122-123頁）borrowedhopedmadegotplannedcriedsentwatchedsaidgrownhitenjoyed現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞1.過去的動作或者狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果/影響。(借古諷今)already(已經(jīng))just(剛剛)yet(還，仍)ever(曾經(jīng))never(從未)before(以前)sofar(到目前為止)manytimesrecently(最近,近來)in/during/overthelast/past..yearsalready已經(jīng)，常用于肯定句中，放句中或句末。

Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.

我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。yet還，仍然，常用于否定/疑問句，放句末。

HasLindareadthebookyet?

琳達已看過這本書了嗎?

Hehasnotbeguntoworkyet.

他還未開始工作。注意：當在肯定陳述句中含有already時，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句或疑問句時，要把句中的already去掉，在句末加上yet.

Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.Ihavealreadycleanedthehouse.(改為一般疑問句)Haveyoucleanedthehouseyet?Ihaveseenthefilmalready.(改為否定句)--Haveyoudoneyourhomework?--Not______.(還沒有)yet現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞1.在過去某個時間開始，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作/狀態(tài)，有可能繼續(xù)下去。(從古至今)向未來for+時間段since+過去的時間點

+從句（一般過去時）

+時間段ago

Katehaslivedherefor3years.

凱特已經(jīng)在這住了3年了。Katehaslivedheresince3yearsago.KatehaslivedheresinceshecametoChina.*主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去式。Practise6Ourteacher_______________(teach)usalotaboutthehistoryofChina.1

They_______________(finish)theirhomeworkalready.3

MrLi_______________(repair)overtenbicyclessinceMonday.4

We_______________(notsee)eachotherforyears.5Myparents_______________(notcome)backyet.hasvisitedhasrepairedhaven’tseenhaven’tcomehastaughthavefinished2John______never______(visit)China.Haveseensawhavelearnthaveheard1.

I___________(study)inAmericaforoverthreeyears.2.Theyoungman__________(live)alonesincehegraduatedfromcollege.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatI__________(see)sofar.4.—Hello.CanIspeaktoMissBrown?—Sorry,she__________(fly)toCanadaalready.She'llbebackinaweek.5.Inthepasttwoweeks,theartist__________(draw)manypicturesabouthishometown.6.I___________(know)Jimmyforovertwodaysandnowwearegoodfriends.haveknownExerciseshavestudiedhaslivedhaveseenhasflownhasdrawnhaven’tcleanedhasn’tfinishedhavelivedhavedecidedhaslearned/learntHaswritten7.—Whyarethewindowssodirty?—Becausewe_____________(notclean)themforaverylongtime.8.He_____________(notfinish)thehomeworkyet.9.Myfamily__________(live)inNanjingsince1996.10.They________already_________(decide)togotoKunmingfortheholiday.11.Thegirl________________(learn)Englishforabouttwoyears.12._____Tom________(write)letterstoyourecently?Practise1．________he_________fromhisuncleyet? A．Does;hear B．Have;heard C．Has;heard D．Did;hear2．Mike______morethan800peopleinthelasttwoyears. A．isinterviewing B．hasinterviewed C．willinterview D．interviews3．Ihave________alargepackageofpresents. A．prepare B．pre