Unit+5+First+Aid+詞匯講解+高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊

詞匯講解選擇性必修二

Unit5

FirstAid單詞預(yù)習(xí)檢測——英漢互譯1.技巧；技能n__________2.器官n

__________3.光線；射線n__________4.觸覺_______________5.酸；酸性物質(zhì)

n

__________6.

較小的；次要的；輕微的adj

__________7.電的；電動的；用電的adj

__________8.觸擊；觸電_____________9.犧牲品；受害者；患者n_________10.神經(jīng)

n__________11.松的；寬松的adj__________organacidminorelectrictechniqueraysenseoftouchelectricshock

victimnerveloose12.急迫的；迫切的adj__________13.（使）減輕；（使）緩解；（使）寬慰v

__________14.

*leaflet

n____________________________15.*toxin

n_________16.radiationn____________17.millimetre/millimeter

n______18.*layern__________19.*swollen

adj

________________20.

*swell

v____________21.*blistern_______22.*underneath

prep____________23.fabric

n__________________ease散頁印刷品；傳單；小冊子毒素放射；輻射urgent毫米層；層次腫脹的；腫起的膨脹；腫脹水皰在……下方織物；織品；結(jié)構(gòu)重難點詞精講一詞多義搭配義easeorgan詞族詞族electricswallow一詞多義wrap一詞多義slip一詞多義辨析義elderly辨析義delay搭配義electricaladj電氣科學(xué)的；與（用）電有關(guān)的oforaboutelectricity：

Otherflexibletaskwasassignedbyanelectricalengineer.It’sOKtoleaveanelectricalappliance

onsolongasyouareusingit—ifnot,turnitoff!electricity

n[U]電；電學(xué)；電流：

Incaseofemergency,pleasecutoffelectricity.Arethereenoughwavesinthebaytomake/produce/generateelectricity?Shallweturnon/offelectricity?溫故選必一U2必修一U41.electricelectric

adj

［常用于名詞前］電的；電動的；用電的producingorusingelectricity：

Haveyougotsomeelectricappliances,suchasanelectriciron/fan/light?

令人激動的veryexciting：

Theatmospherehereatthemeetingiselectric.electricshock

觸擊；觸電同族詞:electric,electrical,electrically,electrician,electricity知新將句子譯成英語。我輕而易舉地回答了這個問題。__________________________Iansweredthequestion

easily.2.easewitheaseease

n[U]

舒適；悠閑；自在：

Aftertheirretirement,thecouplelivedalifeof

ease.

容易；不費力：

Annewasintelligentandcapableofpassingherexamswith

ease

(=easily).atease

放松；舒適；自在：standatease

Hismindwasateaseknowingthatthechildrenweresafe.Heissmartandhumorous,andIfeelateasewith

him.putsbat(one’s)ease

使某人放松：

Hewasnervousatfirstbutherwarmwelcomesoonputhimatease.基本義：舒適v

vi&vt（使）減輕；（使）緩解；（使）寬慰：

Friendshelptoeasethediscomfort/pain/stress/burdenandgiveuscomfort.Thesituationtherehasneverreallyeasedoff.Itwouldeasemymind

toknowwhereshewassettled.

vi&vt（使）小心緩慢地移動：Sheeasedherinjuredfootintohershoe.

vt使容易；使順利：ease(sb/oneself)into（使某人）熟悉（新工作等）：Aftertakingcareofthebaby,sheeasedherselfbackintowork.同族詞：ease,easy,easily,uneasy名詞動詞化organ

詞族organ（器官/人體組織）+-ise（使……化）→organise

使有組織地運行，引申為“組織”organorganicadj

有機(jī)的organisedadj

有組織的；有條理的organisationn

組織organisern

組織者organismadj

生物；有機(jī)體reorganisev

重新組織organisev

組織3.swallow看圖猜詞義swallow吞下；咽下swallow

v

vt&vi吞下；咽下：

Heputagrapeintohismouthandswalloweditwhole.

vt抑制：

Iswallowedmyprideandwenttoaverylonelynaturalisationceremony,arrivingbymyself.swallowup

吞沒；淹沒；吞并；用盡：

Beyondthelightofthefireeverythingwasswallowedupintheblacknessofdarkness.n[C]燕子：

Astheproverbsays,oneswallowdoesn’tmakeasummer.名詞詞源義是“燕子”動詞詞源義是“咽下”“吞咽”食物等“吞咽”感情等某物“吞咽”某物swallow語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖吞咽swallowv(基本義)“吞咽”食物等吞下；咽下抑制“吞咽”感情等某物“吞咽”某物吞沒；淹沒；吞并4.wrap

vt

（用……）包；裹：

Wraptheburntarealooselywithacleanclothifpossible.Dianaistakingtheopportunitytowrapup

Christmaspresentsforthefamily.Methodsthatgetinformationfromcontrolsareveryhandytowrapinthisway.

（用……）纏繞；圍?。?/p>

ItwassocoldoutsidethatIwrappedascarftightlyaroundmyface.【詞匯拓展】?wrapper

n[C]（食品等的）包裝材料；包裝紙?wrapping

n[C]&[U]用于包裝的材料基本義：包、裹課文slip

v

vi滑倒；滑落：

Whenhegotoutofthebathtub,heslippedandfellonthefloor.Incoldweather,peopleslipontheiceandcarsslidedownhillsknockingintoeachother.Sheslippedoutofthehousebeforetheotherswereawake.

vi溜(slide)；悄悄逝去：

Timeisslippingawayandnowisnotthemomentforindecision.slip的詞源義和基本義是“滑行（movesoftlyandquickly）”。slip

v

詞源解讀“滑行”一小段距離后（幾乎）摔倒悄悄“滑行”課文

vi&vt把……悄悄地放在；（把……）（迅速地）穿上/脫下：Hementionedabook,ofwhichthetitlehasslippedmymemory.

vi陷入：

Itissoeasytoslipintofeelingthatwearenotgoodenough.slipone’smind

被遺忘n[C]滑倒；片；條；紙條；小錯誤：

It’sbecauseIpassedaslipofpaperforJohntoHeleninclass.同形異義詞使某物悄悄、迅速地“滑行”“滑行”到某種狀態(tài)同形異義詞同形異義詞指拼寫相同，但意義毫無聯(lián)系的詞。常見的同形異義詞有case,light,tear,lead,post等。學(xué)習(xí)時要注意同形異義詞與多義詞的區(qū)別：同形異義詞各源自不同的詞，而多義詞的詞源是同一個詞。多義詞的釋義之間有聯(lián)系，而同形異義詞的釋義之間無聯(lián)系。slip

的動詞釋義“滑倒”和名詞釋義“紙條”分別來自不同的詞源。動詞釋義“滑倒”來源于slippen（滑行、滑動），名詞釋義“紙條”來源于slippe（砍、劈），引申為詞義“紙條”。slip,slide辨析二者都與“滑”有關(guān)。slip

指意外地滑動一段很短的距離，然后一般是跌倒或輕微失去平衡。

AsDonskatedontheice,heslippedandfellinthesnow.slide

指在一個平面上滑過，可以指人、物或液體。Thechildrenhadfunslidingdowntheslideallafternoon.5.elderly高考鏈接根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成句子。Whenitwastimeforthevolunteerstoleave,the_____________（老年人）thankedthemfortheirkindness.（2009浙江）oldpeopleelderlypeopleelderly比old更正式、更委婉elderly

構(gòu)詞解讀：elder(older)+-ly(形容詞后綴)elder■

adj［只用于名詞前］年齡較大的；年長的：

Ihaveanelderbrother/sisterwhowasborninChina.■

n[C]

［用單數(shù)］［正式用語］年齡較大者：

Ofthetwinbrothers,Tomistheelderbyafewminutes.

［用復(fù)數(shù)］長者；長輩：

Adelegationofvillageeldersfromarrived,headedbyitschief.elderly

adj［委婉用語］（人）較老的；上了年紀(jì)的：Hello,ladiesandgentlemen!Today,wehaveinvitedProf.Stonetotalkabouttheroleofelderlypeopleinoursociety.ChongyangFestival,thetraditionalChinesefestivalfortheelderly,whichfallsontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth,iscomingaround.選出適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。old,elderly1.She’sgetting______—shewillbe75nextyear.2.Whentheirchildrenlivedfarawayfromthem,these___________peoplefeltcutofffromtheworld.（2016浙江）

3.Theassociation（協(xié)會）isadvisingthepregnantwomen,theveryyoungandthe_________toavoidsuchfoods.old指年老的、年紀(jì)大的；elderly比old更正式，是old的委婉語，指年紀(jì)較大的、上了年紀(jì)的。

析辨oldold/

elderlyelderly6.delayvi&vt

耽誤；延誤；推遲(putoff)：You’llloseyourchanceifyoudelay.Myflightwasdelayedbecauseoftheheavyrain.delaydoingsth:Hedelayedtellingherthenews,waitingfortherightmoment.n[C]&[U]耽誤；延誤；推遲：Toomanyorderson11thNovembercausedadelay

in

delivery.Afteralongdelay,theplanefinallytookoff.Pleasesendhimtheurgentinformationwithoutdelay

(=immediately).

重難點詞精講后綴-(i)fy&-shipgrab一詞多義practicaltight

英語釋義一詞多義motion

詞根desperate一詞多義interrupt一詞多義scream一詞多義interrupt

v

vt&vi打斷；打擾：

ChenWeihadhisdinnerinterruptedwhenheheardsomeonescreamingfromanother

table.I’msorrytointerruptyourconversation,butIhavesomethingurgenttotellyou.

vt中斷；阻斷：

Trafficwasinterruptedbyasnowstormwhichlastedthreedays.?

interruption

n[U]&[C]打擾；中斷構(gòu)詞：inter-(between在……中間)+rupt(tobreak破)→在中間破入→打斷；中斷1.interrupt

詞源課文改2.scream《吶喊》（TheScream），愛德華·蒙克1893年的作品。這幅畫是表現(xiàn)主義繪畫的代表。畫作的主體是在血紅色映襯下一個極其痛苦的表情。紅色的背景源于1883年印度尼西亞喀拉喀托火山爆發(fā)，火山灰把天空染紅了。蒙克將畫面中沉悶、焦慮并且孤獨的情感，表現(xiàn)到了一種極致。愛德華·蒙克（1863—1944），挪威表現(xiàn)主義畫家、版畫復(fù)制匠，現(xiàn)代表現(xiàn)主義繪畫的先驅(qū)。其主要作品有《吶喊》（TheScream）、《生命之舞》、《卡爾約翰街的夜晚》等。scream

v

vi&vt（因疼痛、興奮、恐懼等）尖叫：screamin/with

fear/pain/laughterShescreamed,grabbingherpurseandthekeys.

vt&vi高聲喊；尖聲叫(yell)：

Webothscreamedforseveralminutesaswedroveoverthebridge.Shescreamedathimto“stopit”astheystruggledontheground.

vi（機(jī)器、汽笛等）發(fā)出尖銳刺耳的聲音；（風(fēng)）呼嘯：

Theair-raidsiren(警報)screamedthroughthewholetown.n[C]尖叫聲；尖銳刺耳的聲音：Theextremelyfrightenedwomangive/letoutascreamandfaintedaway.Alicegavealittlescreamoflaughter.“Oh,hush!”基本義出于某種目的“尖叫”機(jī)器、風(fēng)等“尖叫”desperate

adj

絕望的：

Hisdesperatefriendswereslappinghimontheback.Atonepoint,weweresodesperatethatwethoughtwecouldnotholdon.

［常用于名詞前］（行動）孤注一擲的；鋌而走險的；不顧一切的：Shehadtomadeadesperateattempttoleaveherhusband.Doctorswerefightingadesperatebattletosavethelittlegirl’slife.構(gòu)詞：de-

(without沒有)+sper

(hope希望)+-ate→沒有希望的→絕望的(基本義)3.desperate詞源解讀因“絕望”所以不顧一切課文

（局勢）極危急的；極嚴(yán)重的：

Thechildrenareindesperateneedofloveandattention.

極度渴望的；極需要的：

Givingahelpinghandtothosewhoaredesperateforhelpcanmakeoursocietymoreharmonious.

【詞匯拓展】?desperately

adv

絕望地；非常?desperation

n[U]絕望；拼命；不顧一切想擺脫“絕望的”困境而極需某物局勢令人“絕望的”4.practicalnation（國家）+-al→national

adjculture（文化）+-al→cultural

adjindustry（工業(yè)）+-al→industrial

adjlogic（邏輯）+-al→logical

adjpractice（實踐）+-al→practical

adj實際的；實踐的后綴-al可加在名詞后構(gòu)成形容詞，意為“……的(of)”“有……性質(zhì)的(havingthenatureof)”。國家的文化（上）的工業(yè)的符合邏輯的practical

adj

（事物）實際的；實踐的relatingtorealsituationsandeventsratherthanideas：Thepaperseemstomeofnopracticalimportance.Johnisateacherwithpracticalexperience.

切實可行的；實用的反impractical：

DoingtheHeimlichmanoeuvreisquick,practical,andeasy.Let’slistentoyourproblemsandofferyousomepracticaladvice.I’dliketowearpracticalclothesratherthanfashionableones.課文

注重實際的；務(wù)實的反impractical：

Inafewweeks,we’llbehavingalotmorepracticalexperience.【詞匯拓展】practically

adv

［口語］幾乎；差不多：There’spracticallynodifferencebetweenthetwooptions.

實際上；事實上：Itsoundslikeagoodidea,butIdon’tthinkitwillworkpractically.奧黛麗·赫本（AudreyHepburn，1929—1993），英國電影和舞臺劇女演員，曾出演《羅馬假日》(RomanHoliday)《蒂凡尼的早餐》《窈窕淑女》等影片。她一生中共獲得五次奧斯卡最佳女主角提名。晚年時，奧黛麗·赫本投身慈善事業(yè)，是聯(lián)合國兒童基金會親善大使的代表人物，為第三世界婦女與孩童爭取權(quán)益。1992年被授予美國“總統(tǒng)自由勛章”，1993年獲奧斯卡人道主義獎。1999年，她被美國電影學(xué)會評為“百年來最偉大的女演員”第三位。5.grab

機(jī)遇很少憑空出現(xiàn)。因此，當(dāng)它們出現(xiàn)時，你一定要抓住。——奧黛麗·赫本grab

v

vt&vi（試圖）抓住(seize)：

Grabbingyourfistwithyourotherhandtightly,pushupandintohisstomachinonemotion.

Haveyougrabbedtheopportunity/chance?

vt［非正式用語］（因忙碌而）趕緊/抓緊吃/喝/睡togetsomefoodorsleepquicklybecauseyouarebusy：Fromthispointon,you’llhavefreetimetoexplorethecityandgrabsomelunch.Whydon’tyougooffandgrabsomemoresleep?

vt吸引；引人注意：TheBeatlesimmediatelygrabbedtheattentionofyoungpeople.■n[C]［常用單數(shù)］抓??；搶奪seize/grasp/take(up)theopportunity課文grab

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖（猛然的）抓取

吸引；引人注意（因忙碌而）趕緊/抓緊吃/喝/睡

（試圖）抓住“抓住”某人的注意力“抓住”時機(jī)吃、喝、睡“抓住”某人或某物抓?。ɑ玖x）grab動詞名詞Amanvisitingagraveyardsawatombstonethatreads,“HereliesJohnKelly,alawyerandanhonestman.”“Howaboutthat!”heexclaimed.

“Moneyisso

tight

thatthey’vegotthreepeopleburiedinonegrave!”

6.tightAJOke詞源義：緊密的。tight的基本義引申為“緊的”。tight

adj

緊的；繃緊的反

loose：ThedrawerissotightthatIcan’topenit.Sheiswearingatightpairofjeans.

（時間、空間）緊湊的；（經(jīng)濟(jì)）緊張的：Ican’tseeyounextweekbecausethescheduleisverytight.Therewasatightgroupofpeoplearoundthespeaker.

Moneywas

alwaystight,butwehadaroofoverourheads,foodonthetable,clothesonourbacks.2008浙江tight

詞源解讀時間、空間、經(jīng)濟(jì)等“緊的”具體事物之間“緊的”

（關(guān)系）緊密的：a

Itwasatightcommunityandnewcomerswerenotwelcome.

嚴(yán)格的：

Theairportsecurityisverytight.

adv

緊緊地；充分地：

Shutthedoortightoritwillbebroken.Youarewelcome.Sleeptightandhaveasweetdream.【詞匯拓展】?

tighten

vi&vt（使）變緊；（使）加緊?

tightlyadv緊緊地關(guān)系“緊的”要求等“緊的”tight

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖緊的；繃緊的（時間、空間）緊湊的；（經(jīng)濟(jì)）緊張的具體事物之間“緊的”（關(guān)系）緊密的要求等“緊的”嚴(yán)格的時間、空間、經(jīng)濟(jì)等“緊的”關(guān)系“緊的”緊的基本義tight詞根前綴/后綴單詞派生詞

mot

pro-(向前

forward)promotev促進(jìn)；晉升promotionn促進(jìn)；晉升re-(向后、往回back)remoteadj遙遠(yuǎn)的-ivemotiven動機(jī)motivatev激勵-ormotorn發(fā)動機(jī)；馬達(dá)-ionmotion

n

運動；動e-(外

out);-ionemotionn感情；情緒emotional

adj

情緒(上)的；情感(上)的7.motion可以看出，詞根mot意為“動/移動(move)”，由該詞根構(gòu)成的詞大多含有此義。motion

n

[C]&[U]（物體的）運動；動：Thelaw,ofcourse,isnotareallaw,suchasNewton’slawsofgravityandmotion.Thedoorsarenottobeusedwhenthetrainisinmotion.

[C