軟件測試與質(zhì)量保證 Testing (3)學(xué)習(xí)課件

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SoftwareTestingTechniques(3)INSTRUCTOR:SHULIUHITSCHOOLOFSOFTWARE2017Allrightsreserved1SQAandTestingSoftwareTestingTechniquesBlack-BoxTestingWhite-BoxTestingDD-PathStatementCoverageTestingDD-PathTestingLoopCoverageTestingBasisPathTestingBottom-upTestingTop-downTestingSandwichTestingExamples:TheTriangleProblemTheNextDateFunctionTheCommissionProblemGray-BoxTestingSoftwareTestingTechniques2SQAandTestingWhite-BoxTestingWhite-boxtestdesignallowsonetopeekinsidethe"box",thetesterexaminestheinternalstructureoftheprogramorsystem.Testerfocusesspecificallyonusinginternalknowledgeofthesoftwaretoguidetheselectionoftestdatawithoutconcernfortheprogramorsystemrequirements.Synonymsforwhite-boxinclude:structural,glass-box,clear-box,andopen-box.SoftwareTestingTechniques3SQAandTestingWhite-BoxTestingInwhite-boxtestingtestconditionsaredesignedbyexaminingpathsorlogic.Thetesterknowstheinternalprogramstructureandlogic,justasacarmechanicknowstheinnerworkingsofanautomobile.Forwhite-boxtesting,thetestcasescannotbedetermineduntilthecodehasactuallybeenwritten.

Examples:basispathtesting,statementcoverage,DD-Pathtesting,etc..SoftwareTestingTechniques4SQAandTestingDD-Path(決策到?jīng)Q策-路徑)(1)DD-Path:Decision-to-DecisionPathDD-Pathreferstoasequenceofstatementsthatbeginswiththe“outway”ofadecisionstatementandendswiththe“inway”ofthenextdecisionstatement.Nointernalbranchesoccurinsuchasequence,sothecorrespondingcodeislikearowofdominoes(多米諾牌)linedupsothatwhenthefirstfalls,alltherestinthesequencefall.SoftwareTestingTechniques5SQAandTestingDD-Path(決策到?jīng)Q策-路)(2)PathchainTheinitialandterminalnodesaredistinctEveryinteriornodehasindegree=1andoutdegree=1Thelengthofthechainis?SoftwareTestingTechniquesInitialNodeTerminalNodeInteriorNode6SQAandTestingDD-Path(決策到?jīng)Q策-路徑)(3)ADD-Pathisachaininaprogramgraphsuchthat:Case1:itconsistsofasinglenodewithindeg=0Case2:itconsistsofasinglenodewithoutdeg=0Case3:itconsistsofasinglenodewithindeg>=2or outdeg>=2Case4:itconsistsofasinglenodewithindeg=1and outdeg=1Case5:itisamaximalchainoflength>=1SoftwareTestingTechniques7SQAandTestingTheTriangleProblemThetriangleprogramacceptsthreeintegers,a,b,andcasinput.Thesearetakentobesidesofatriangle.Theintegersa,b,andcmustsatisfythefollowingconditions:SoftwareTestingTechniquesC1:1=<a=<200C4:a<b+cC2:1=<b=<200C5:b<a+cC3:1=<c=<200C6:c<a+bTheoutputoftheprogramisthetypeoftriangledeterminedbythethreesides:Equilateral,Isosceles,scalene,orNotATriangle.8SQAandTesting1.Programtriangle2.a,b,cAsInteger//Datadeclaration3.c1,c2,c3,IsATriangleAsBoolean//Datadeclaration//Step1:GetInput4.Output(“Enter3integerswhicharesidesofatriangle”)5.Input(a,b,c)6.Output(“SideAis”,a)7.Output(“SideBis”,b)8.Output(“SideCis”,c)//Step2:IsATriangle?9.If(a<(b+c))AND(b<(a+c))AND(c<(a+b))10. ThenIsATriangle=True11. ElseIsATriangle=False12.EndIf//Step3:DetermineTriangleType13.IfIsATriangle14. ThenIf(a=b)AND(b=c)15. ThenOutput(“Equilateral”)16. ElseIf(a<>b)AND(b<>c)AND(c<>d)17. ThenOutput(“Scalene”)18. ElseOutput(“Isosceles”)19. EndIf20. EndIf21. ElseOutput(“NotaTriangle”)22.EndIf

23.Endoftriangleprogram9SQAandTesting1211104956781514211319181716202223Programgraphofthetriangleprogram10SQAandTestingEDCfirstBIHGFMLKJNOlastADD-Pathgraphforthetriangleprogram11SQAandTestingDD-Path(決策到?jīng)Q策-路徑)(4)DD-Pathenableveryprecisedescriptionsoftestcoverage.Oneofthefundamentallimitationsoffunctionaltestingisthatitisimpossibletoknoweithertheextentofredundancyorthepossibilityofgapscorrespondingtothewayasetoffunctionaltestcasesexercisesaprogram.SoftwareTestingTechniques12SQAandTestingStructuredProgrammingConstructs

(結(jié)構(gòu)化程序設(shè)計構(gòu)造)

SoftwareTestingTechniquesSequencePre-testLoopPost-test-LoopIf-ThenIf-Then-ElseCase13SQAandTestingStatementCoverageTesting

(語句覆蓋測試)Statementcoverageisawhite-boxtestingtechniqueStatementcoveragetestingensureseverystatementorlineofcode(LOC)isexecuted.Inanotherwords,whenaprogramisexecuteditensuresthateverynodeoftheprogramgraphistraversedatleastonce.Let’strytheTriangleexample…SoftwareTestingTechniques14SQAandTestingEDCfirstBIHGFMLKJNOlastADD-PathgraphforthetriangleprogramTestCaseStatementCoverageTestingPathCase1.FirstABDEFGOlastCase2.FirstABCEFHINOlastCase3.FirstABCEFHJKMNOlastCase4.FirstABCEFHJLMNOlast15SQAandTestingDD-PathgraphTestCaseStatementCoverageTestingPathCase1.FirstABCGlastCase2.FirstABEFGlastCase3.FirstADEFGLastCase4.FirstADFGlastADBEGCFfirstlast16SQAandTestingDD-PathTesting

(決策到?jīng)Q策-路徑測試)DD-Pathtestingisawhite-boxtestingtechniqueWhenaprogramisexecuteditensuresthateveryedgeintheDD-Pathgraphistraversedatleastonce.Forif-thenandif-then-elsestatements,thismeansthatboththetrueandthefalsebranchesarecovered.ForCASEstatements,eachclauseiscovered.Let’strytheTriangleexampleagain…SoftwareTestingTechniques17SQAandTestingEDCfirstBIHGFMLKJNOlastADD-PathgraphforthetriangleprogramTestCaseDD-PathTestingCase1.FirstABDEFGOlastCase2.FirstABCEFHINOlastCase3.FirstABCEFHJKMNOlastCase4.FirstABCEFHJLMNOlast18SQAandTestingDD-PathgraphTestCaseDD-PathTestingCase1.FirstABCGlastCase2.FirstABEFGlastCase3.FirstABCBCGlastCase4.FirstADEFGLastCase5.FirstADFGlastADBEGCFfirstlast19SQAandTestingNestedLoopABCDfirstlastABCDfirstlastABCDfirstlastConcatenatedLoopKnottedLoopsConcatenatedloopsaresimplyasequenceofdisjointloops.NestedloopsaresuchthatoneiscontainedinsideanotherKnottedLoops(Horribleloops)20SQAandTestingLoopCoverageTesting

(循環(huán)覆蓋測試)Loopsareahighlyfault-proneportionofsourcecode.Thesimpleviewoflooptestingisthateveryloopinvolvesadecision,andweneedtotestbothoutcomesofthedecision:OneistotraversetheloopOneistoexit(ornotenter)theloopWecanalsotakeamodifiedboundaryvalueapproach,wheretheloopindexisgivenitsminimum,nominal,andmaximumvalues.EvenpushtorobustnesstestingSoftwareTestingTechniques21SQAandTestingLoopCoverageTesting

(循環(huán)覆蓋測試)Oncealoophasbeentested,thetestercondensesitintoasinglenode.Ifloopsarenested,thisprocessisrepeatedstartingwiththeinnermostloopandworkingoutward.SoftwareTestingTechniquesSkiptheloopentirelyOnlyonepassthroughtheloopTwopassesthroughtheloopMpassesthroughtheloopwherem<nN-1,n,n+1passesthroughtheloop22SQAandTestingBasisPathTesting

(基路徑測試)Basispathtestingisawhite-boxtestingtechnique.Basispathtestingidentifiestestcasesbasedontheflowsorlogicalpathsthatcanbetakenthroughaprogram.Abasispathisauniquepaththroughtheprogramwherenoiterationsareallowed.Basispathtestingusuallyisappliedtointegrationtestingwhenprogrammodulesareintegratedtogether.SoftwareTestingTechniques23SQAandTestingDD-PathgraphTestCaseBasisPathTestingCase1.FirstABCGlastCase2.FirstABEFGlastCase3.FirstABCBCGlastCase4.FirstABCBEFGlastCase5.FirstADEFGLastCase6.FirstADFGlastADBEGCFfirstlast24SQAandTestingEDCfirstBIHGFMLKJNOlastADD-PathgraphforthetriangleprogramTestCaseDD-PathTestingCase1.FirstABDEFGOlastCase2.FirstABCEFHINOla