軟件測試與質(zhì)量保證 Testing (5)學習課件

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SoftwareTestingTechniques(5)INSTRUCTOR:SHULIUHITSCHOOLOFSOFTWARE2017Allrightsreserved1SQAandTestingSoftwareTestingTechniquesBlack-BoxTestingSpecialValueTestingRandomTestingPositiveandNegativeTestingRangeTestingRegressionTestingBoundaryValueTestingEquivalenceClassTestingDecisionTable-BasedTestingSoftwareTestingTechniques2SQAandTestingSoftwareTestingTechniquesWhite-BoxTestingDD-PathStatementCoverageTestingDD-PathTestingLoopCoverageTestingBasisPathTestingBottom-upTestingTop-downTestingSandwichTestingGray-BoxTestingSoftwareTestingTechniques3SQAandTestingFunctionalvs.StructuralAdvantageoffunctionaltesting(1):Amajoradvantageofblack-boxtestingisthatthetestsaregearedtowhattheprogramorsystemissupposedtodo,anditisnaturalandunderstoodbyeveryone.Testerneedsnoknowledgeofimplementation,includingspecificprogramminglanguages.SoftwareTestingTechniques4SQAandTestingFunctionalvs.StructuralAdvantageoffunctionaltesting(2):Testerandprogrammerareindependentofeachother.Testsaredonefromauser'spointofview.Itwillhelptoexposeanyambiguitiesorinconsistenciesinthespecifications.Testcasescanbedesignedassoonasthespecificationsarecompleted.SoftwareTestingTechniques5SQAandTestingFunctionalvs.StructuralDisadvantageofFunctionalTesting:Onlyasmallnumberofpossibleinputscanactuallybetested,totesteverypossibleinputstreamwouldtakenearlyforever.Sincethereisnoknowledgeoftheinternalstructureorlogic,therecouldbeerrorsordeliberatemischiefonthepartofaprogrammer,whichmaynotdetectablewithblack-boxtesting.Withoutclearandconcisespecifications,testcasesarehardtodesign.Itmayleavemanyprogrampathsuntested.SoftwareTestingTechniques6SQAandTestingFunctionalvs.StructuralAdvantageofStructuralTesting:Itforcestestdevelopertoreasoncarefullyaboutimplementation.Itrevealserrorsin“hidden”code.Sincethereisknowledgeoftheinternalstructureorlogic,errorsordeliberatemischiefonthepartofaprogrammerhaveahigherprobabilityofbeingdetected.Beneficentside-effectsSoftwareTestingTechniques7SQAandTestingFunctionalvs.StructuralDisadvantageofStructuralTesting:Itdoesnotverifythatthespecificationsarecorrect,itfocusesonlyontheinternallogicofthecode.Thereisnowaytodetectmissingpathsanddata-sensitiveerrors.Itcannotexecuteallpossiblelogicpathsthroughaprogrambecausethiswouldentailanlargenumberoftests.ExpensiveSoftwareTestingTechniques8SQAandTestingGray-BoxTestingGray-boxtestingisacombinationofblack-andwhite-boxtestingtotakeadvantageofboth.Thetesterstudiestherequirementsspecificationsandcommunicateswiththedevelopertounderstandtheinternalstructureofthesystem.Themotivationistoclearupambiguousspecificationsand“readbetweenthelines”todesignimpliedtests.SoftwareTestingTechniques9SQAandTestingGray-BoxTestingOneexampleoftheuseofgray-boxtestingiswhenitappearstothetesterthatacertainfunctionalityseemstobereusedthroughoutanapplication.Ifthetestercommunicateswiththedeveloperandunderstandstheinternaldesignandarchitecture,manytestswillbeeliminated,becauseitmaybepossibletotestthefunctionalityonlyonce.SoftwareTestingTechniques10SQAandTestingReferenceWhatifthereisn’tenoughtimeforthoroughtesting?Useriskanalysistodeterminewheretestingshouldbefocused.Riskanalysisisappropriatetomostsoftwaredevelopmentprojects.Thisrequiresjudgmentskills,commonsense,andexperience.Considerationscaninclude:

Whichfunctionalityismostimportanttotheproject'sintendedpurpose?Whichfunctionalityismostvisibletotheuser?Whichfunctionalityhasthelargest