浙江省寧波市鎮(zhèn)海中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)周測(cè)（二）（含答案）

英語(yǔ)周測(cè)2第=page11頁(yè)（共=sectionpages55頁(yè)）答案第=page22頁(yè)，共=sectionpages22頁(yè)鎮(zhèn)海中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)周測(cè)（二）滿分80分考試時(shí)間40分鐘第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。AForthosewhohaveneverbeentoHarbinthere’salmostanendlesslistofthingstodo.Hereareseveralactivitiesthathavetobeincluded.TurningwaterintoinstanticeOnecan’tgototheIceSnowWordwithoutstoppingbytheSunIslandSnowExpo.Afterall,theformerisforappreciatingilluminated(照亮的)iceatnight,andthelatterisforcheckingoutsnowinthedaytime.Touristsfromthesouthmightbeastonishedbythebrightsunshinereflectedinthesnow,sodon’tforgetthesunscreen.Thisisalsoagoodplacetotosswaterandwatchitturnintoiceinstantly.Findasafeplacewithnoonenearby,andenjoytheuniquephenomenon.Snowtubing(雪地滑輪胎)ontheSonghuaRiverInwinter,theSonghuaRiverturnsinto“thousandsofmilesofice”andbecomesanaturalice-skatingrink.Thefrozenriveroffersopportunitiesformanydifferentwinteractivities.Butmakesuretheiceissolidbeforegoingstomping(跺腳)inthesnow.SpeedingdownYabuliSkiResortOneplaceyoushouldn’tmisswhenvisitingHarbinisYabuliSkiResort,whereyoucanskidownsplendidsnow-coveredmountains.Thesnowisthickandmoderatelyhard.Therearejunior,middleandseniorskiruns.Professionalstaffareavailabletoimproveyourskiingability.1．Whichisagoodplacetoenjoyanightscene?A．YabuliSkiResort. B．TheSunIslandSnowExpo.C．TheSonghuaRiver. D．TheIce-SnowWorld.2．WhatcanvisitorsdoinHarbin?A．Getprofessionalguidanceforfreewhileskating.B．Godowntheworld’slongesticeslideonSonghuaRiver.C．Choosedifferentroutesbasedontheirskiingability.D．Tosswaterandwatchitturnintoicewhereveryouwant.3．What’sthearticleintendedfor?A．Remindingvisitorsofsafetravelling. B．AdvertisingwinteractivitiesofHarb?n.C．AttractingvisitorstoinvestinHarbin D．Explainingrequirementstovisitors.B“Keeplearningandstrivetobethebestinyourfield”isthemottoofXuZhenchao,a74-year-oldtechnicianatShandongPortGroup’sQingdaoPortinShandongprovince.It’sanethicthathasguidedhimthroughouthiscareer,leadingtohisrecentrecognitionasa“People’sCraftsman”.Whenhestartedworkingattheportin1974,heoperatedaliftingmachine.Toswiftlymastertheskill,Xudedicatedhimselftopracticingforhoursandfinallyachievedproficiency.Xu'sprofessionalismsawhimselectedasoneofthefirstcontainerbridgecrane(起重機(jī))operatorsin1984.Bystudyingdiligently,Xugraduallybecameanexpertinoperatingandrepairingbridgecranes.In2000,whentheportinitiatedtheconstructionofanewterminal.Xuwasappointedasthechiefcommanderoverseeingtheinstallationofcranes.Aftermorethan40daysofhardwork,amassivebridgecrane,weighingl,300metrictonsandtowering75metershigh,finallystoodontheexpansivedockatQianwan.TheadvancedcraneequipmentenabledXuandhiscolleaguestosetaworldrecordforcontainerhandlingbyunloading3,400standardcontainersfromashipandloadingthemontotrucksinjustsixhours.In2006,aftertwoyearsoftechnicalresearchanddevelopment,Xuandhisteamconverted(改造)diesel-powered(柴油動(dòng)力)tirecranestorunonelectricity,savingtheport20millionyuanayearinoperatingcostsandeliminatingairpollution.“Heisamanbornfortheport,”saidGuoLei,hisapprentice(學(xué)徒),whoisnowanexpertcraneoperator,“Heshowstechnicalworkerstheimportanceoflearningandinnovating.”4．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Xu’santicipations. B．Xu’sachievements.C．Xu’scareerchallenges. D．Xu’seducationalbackground.5．WhatdidXuandhisteamachievein2006?A．EstablishinganewterminalatQianwan.B．SettingaworldrecordforcontainerhandlingC．Reducingcostandprotectingtheenvironment.D．Installingamassivebridgecraneonthedock.6．Howdoestheauthordevelopthetext?A．Bylistingthecauses. B．Bycomparingthecontributions.C．Bysummarizingtheevents. D．Byfollowingtheorderofevents,7．WhatcanwelearnfromXu’sstory?A．Twoheadsarebetterthanone.B．AslowsparrowshouldmakeanearlystartC．Learningandinnovatingarekeytosuccess.D．Scienceandtechnologyaretheprimaryproductiveforces.CTheancientRomansarewell-knownfortheirengineeringtechniques,notablydemonstratedthroughtheconstructionofaqueducts(高架渠)andtheuseofpozzolanicconcrete.Thepropertiesofthisconcretehavegenerallybeencreditedtoitsingredients:pozzolana(amixofvolcanicash)andlime(石灰).Whenmixedwithwater,thetwomaterialscanreacttoproducestrongconcrete.In2023,aresearchteamfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)uncoverednewfindingsregardingthecompositionandmixingtechniquesofRomanconcrete.Traditionally,thepresenceofsmalllimeclasts(碎屑)intheconcretewasduetopoormixing,butthatdidnotmakesensetoAdmirMasic,ascientistofMIT.“IftheRomansputsomucheffortintomakinganoutstandingconstructionmaterial,followingallofthedetailedrecipesthathadbeenoptimizedoverthecourseofmanycenturies,whywouldtheyputsolittleeffortintoensuringtheproductionofawell-mixedfinalproduct?Therehastobemoretothisstory.”Toinvestigatefurther,MasicandtheteamanalyzedancientconcretesamplesfromPrivernum,Italy,usingadvancedimagingtechniques.Theirfindingschallengetheconventionalbeliefthatslakedlime(熟石灰)wastheprimaryingredient.Instead,itappearsthattheRomansmayhaveusedquicklime(生石灰)mixeddirectlywithpozzolanaandwaterathightemperatures,aprocesstermed“hotmixing.”Thismethodnotonlyproduceduniquehigh-temperaturecompoundsbutalsoacceleratedcuringandsettingtime,facilitatingquickerconstruction.Asignificantadvantageofthishotmixingprocessistheself-healingcharacteristicsgivenbythelimeclasts.Whencracksdevelop,waterseepsinandinteractswiththeclasts,whicharelargerinsurfaceareathansurroundingparticles.Thisreactiongeneratescalcium-richsolutionsthathardenintocalciumcarbonate,effectivelysealingthecracks,ThisphenomenonhasbeenobservedinotherancientRomanstructures,reconfirmingthedurabilityoftheirconcrete.TheMITteamconductedexperimentsusingbothancientandmodernconcreterecipeswithquicklime,findingthatthequicklimeconcretecompletelyhealedwithintwoweeksaftercracking,whilecontrolsampleswithoutquicklimeremaineddamaged.Withtheseinsights,researchersaimtodevelopmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyanddurableconcreteoptions,potentiallyrevolutionizingmodernconstructionpractices.8．WhatmisconceptionaboutRomanconcretedidMasicchallenge?A．Volcanicashwastheprimaryingredient.B．AncientRomanstructureswerenotdurable.C．Presenceoflimeclastsindicatedinadequatemixing.D．Romansmerelyusedvolcanicashandlimefortheirconcrete.9．Whatdoes“hotmixing”involve?A．Mixingmaterialsatlowtemperatures.B．Usingslakedlimeonlyinthemixture.C．Addingwatertoquicklimeathightemperatures.D．Combiningquicklime,volcanicashandwaterathightemperatures.10．Whatdoestheresearchimplyformodernconstructionpractices?A．Limeshouldnotbecontainedinmodernconcrete.B．Moderntechniquesfordurabilitycanbeemployed.C．Quicklimecanbeusedtoreduceconstructiontime.D．Sustainableanddurableconcretealternativesareneeded.11．Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheSecretsofRomanConcreteB．TheRoleofEngineersinAncientRomeC．TheImportanceofAqueductsinRomanArchitectureD．ModernConstructionTechniquesInspiredbyAncientRomeDFieldsrangingfromroboticstomedicinetopoliticalscienceareattemptingtotrainAIsystemstomakemeaningfuldecisionsofallkinds.Unfortunately,teachinganAIsystemtomakegooddecisionsisnoeasytask.Inthecaseoftraffic,amodelmightstruggletocontrolasetofintersectionswithvaryingspeedlimits,numbersoflanes,ortrafficpatterns.Toboostthereliabilityofmodelsforcomplextasks,MITresearchershavedevelopedamoreefficientalgorithmtotrainAIsystemsforcomplexdecision-makingtasks,suchastrafficsignalcontrol.Thenewalgorithm,knownasModel-BasedTransferLearning(MBTL),strategicallyselectsthebesttasksfortraininganAIagenttoperformeffectivelyacrossacollectionofrelatedtasks.Thisapproachmaximizesperformancewhilekeepingtrainingcostslow.Traditionally,engineerstrainalgorithmsfortrafficlightsatmultipleintersectionsbyeithertrainingonealgorithmperintersectionindependentlyortrainingasingle,largeralgorithmusingdatafromallintersections.Thefirstmethodistime-consuminganddata-intensive,whilethesecondoftenresultsinsubparperformance.CathyWu,aseniorauthorandmemberofMIT'sLaboratoryforInformationandDecisionSystems(LIDS),explainsthattheirmethodfindsamiddleground.“Wewonderedifwecouldtrainonasubsetoftasks,applytheresulttoalltasks,andstillseeaperformanceincrease,”Wusays.MBTLmodelshowwelleachalgorithmwouldperformiftrainedindependentlyandhowitsperformancewoulddegradewhentransferredtoothertasks,aconceptknownasgeneralizationperformance.Byexplicitlymodelinggeneralizationperformance,MBTLestimatesthevalueoftrainingonnewtasks.Itselectstasksinsequence,startingwiththosethatofferthehighestperformancegain,thenchoosesadditionaltasksthatprovidethemostsignificantmarginalimprovementstooverallperformance.Thisfocusonthemostpromisingtasksdramaticallyimprovestrainingefficiency.TheMBTLalgorithmhastwocomponents:onethatmodelsindividualtaskperformanceandanotherthatmodelsthedegradationofperformancewhentransferredtoothertasks.Thisdualapproachallowsforamorenuanced(微妙的)understandingofhowtotrainAIagentseffectively.Inthefuture,theresearchersplantodesignMBTLalgorithmsthatcanextendtomorecomplexproblems,suchashigh-dimensionaltaskspaces.Theyarealsointerestedinapplyingtheirapproachtoreal-worldproblems,especiallyinnext-generationmobilitysystems.12．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．ResearchersareworkingontheplantopromotetheextensiveapplicationofMBTL.B．ResearchershaveselectedsomebestAImodelstomakegooddecisions.C．ResearchershavefiguredoutthewaystoimprovetheefficiencyofAIdecision-making.D．ResearchersmanagetofindamiddlegroundwhentrainingAItomakegooddecisions.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subpar”inparagraph3mean?A．inferior B．substantial C．unexpected D．superb14．WhatisthemostdistinctivefeatureofMBTLcomparedtothetraditionalalgorithms?A．Itcanperformmultipletasksatatime. B．Itisdesignedtokeepthecostslow.C．Itfeaturesgeneralizationperformance. D．Itmakesthealgorithmmuchmoreaccessible.15．WhataretheParagraphs5and6mainlyabout?A．ThefunctionsofMBTL. B．ThefundamentalsofMBTL.C．ThecomponentsofMBTL. D．ThegeneralizationperformanceofMBTL.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ArtificialIntelligence(AI)geolocation(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)定位技術(shù))solutionsarechangingthewayresearcherstrackandmonitorwildlife,enablingmorepowerfulconservationefforts.Thesesystemsuseadvancedsensors,satelliteimagery,andmachinelearningalgorithms(算法)togatherreal-timedataonanimalmovements,habitatpreferences,andmigrationpatterns.16Traditionaltrackingmethodsoftenrelyonnon-automatictrackingorinconvenientnecklace-likesystems,whichmaycausestressanddiscomforttotheanimals.17Thedevicescanworkastagsandthecameratrapscanbesetupremotely,whichdecreaseshumanimpactonwildlife.Inaddition,AI-powereddevicescollectandanalyzedataprecisely.Throughtheirassistance,scientistscangaininsightsintohabitatchoicesandevaluatetheeffectofglobalwarmingonwildanimallocations.18Forexample,byanalyzingthecollecteddata,conservationistscanpromotetargetedhabitatrestorationeffortsaccordingtothepatternsandconnectionstheydiscoveredwiththehelpofAIgeolocationdevices.19Bymonitoringanimals’behavioralchangesinreal-time,researcherscanquicklydetectsignsofenvironmentalissues.Suddenchangesinananimal’smovementscouldindicatethreatsorproblems.Researcherscanthenrespondimmediately,potentiallysavingtheanimal’slife.Sharinggeolocationdatathroughonlineplatformscanalsohelpraiseawarenessaboutprotectingendangeredspecies.20Thishelpthemfeelmoreconnectedtotheissueswildlifefaceinhabitats.Thebondpromotesasenseofresponsibilityamongindividualsandencouragesthemtocontributetowildlifeconservationeffortsthroughvariousmeans,suchasdonations,volunteerwork,andsoon.A．Thisknowledgeenablesthemtomakeaccurateandefficientdecisions.B．However,AItrackingdoesnotrequiredisturbingcontactwiththeanimals.C．AImonitoringneedsfewerbatteryreplacementsthanthetraditionalmethods.D．Thesolutionshaveofferedthefollowingkeybenefitstowildlifeconservation.E．Directlyengagingwithconservationeffortsgivespeopleafirst-handexperience.F．TheAIgeolocationtechnologysignificantlyreducestheneedformassivefieldwork.G．Withreal-timedata,theAIsolutionsalsofunctionasanearlywarningforwildliferisks.第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Eachfamilyhasatreasuretrove(寶藏)ofrecipes.Despitemillionsofonlinerecipesat21,thereareothermillionshiddenintherecipeboxesandkitchen22ofourgrandmothers,aunts,cousinsandparents!Yes,these“familyrecipes”area23partofyourfamilyhistory.Dishescookedbyourgrandmothersandmothersare24toourhearts.SabudanaKhichdimadebymygrandmotherremainsimpressedinmy25andalwaysbringsa26tomyfacewhenI27thememoriesrelatedwithher.When28inthebedbeforegettingupIstillcangetthe29ofmygrandma’scooking,whichsheusedtodoprettyearlyinthemorning.Ialways30rememberourchildhoodandtherelationshipswithfamilymembers.Thetraditionoffoodiscarriedonfromonegenerationtotheotherandcanbe31forseveraldecades’rightfromthepasttothepresentandontothefutureaswell.They32usoflongforgottenexperiencesandallowustorevisitfeelingsofcomfort,satisfactionorexcitement.Somefamilyrecipeshavebeen33formanygenerationsandareknownas“keepers”inourfamily.Somerecipesevolveovergenerationsand34newpicturesbasedonourindividualityandpersonalstyle.Nomatterhowtheychange,theyarealwaysabout35withpastgenerations—thepeoplewhoraisedyouandthepeoplebeforethem.21．A．a(chǎn)nkles B．fingertips C．heels D．feet22．A．mirrors B．tables C．drawers D．sinks23．A．special B．common C．terrible D．confusing24．A．comfortable B．satisfied C．dear D．welcome25．A．body B．soul C．hands D．memories26．A．smile B．surprise C．puzzle D．horror27．A．rebuild B．recollect C．share D．store28．A．thinking B．dreaming C．resting D．lazing29．A．sense B．smell C．sight D．taste30．A．bitterly B．doubtfully C．vividly D．vaguely31．A．traced B．a(chǎn)pplied C．combed D．a(chǎn)bolished32．A．convince B．inform C．warn D．remind33．A．turneddown B．passeddown C．knockeddown D．closeddown34．A．showoff B．bringout C．takeon D．putup35．A．connecting B．corresponding C．starting D．dealing第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。DigitaltwinsarefastbecomingpartofeverydaylifeWhenvisitingadoctorafewyearsfromnow,youcanexpecttobeaccompaniedbyavirtualversionofyourself.Thisso-calleddigitaltwinwillbea36(work)modelofyourbodythatcanbesummoned(傳喚)ontoaphysician’scomputerscreen.37(update)withyourlatestvitalsigns,itwillhelpthedoctormakeanaccuratediagnosis.Italsoopensthedoorformedicinesandproceduresdesignedspecificallyforyou,greatlyincreasingr