高中英語Unit5RevealingnatureSectionⅠStartingout與Understandingideas檢測外研版選擇性必修第一冊

SectionIStartingout&Understandingidea

【.閱讀理解

A

Adragonflybarelyaninchandahalflongappearstobetheanimalworld'smost

productivelongdistancetraveler—flyingthousandsofmilesoveroceansasit

migratesfromcontincn:tocontinent-accordingtoanewlypublishedresearch.

BiologistswholedLhestudysayiheevidenceisinLhegenes.TheyfoundLhal

populationsofthisdragonfly,calledPantalaflavescens,inTexas,easternCanada,

Japan,Korea,India,andSouthAmerica,havegenessosimilarthatthereisonly

onelikelyexplanation.Apparentljr—somehow-theseinsectsaretravelling

distancesthatareextrciordinarilylongfortheirsmallsize,breeding（繁殖）with

eachother,andcreatingacommonworldwidegenepool.

Buthowdoinsectsfromdifferentcontinentsmanagetomeetandhookup?Ware

saysitappearstobethewaytheirbodieshaveevolved."Thesedragonflieshave

adaptationssuchasincreasedsurfaceareasontheirwingsthatenablethemtouse

thewindtocarrythem.v

Dragonflies,infact,havealreadybeenobservedcrossingtheIndianOceanfrom

AsiatoAfricci."Theyarefollowingtheweather,"saysDanielTroast,whoanalyzed

theDNAsamplesinWare'slab."They'regoingfromIndiawhereit,sthedryseason

toAfricawhereit'sthewetseason,andapparentlytheydoitonceayear.”

WetnessisamustforPantalatoreproduce,andthat,saysWare,iswhythese

insectswou1dbedriventoevenattemptsuchadangeroustrip,whichshecallsa

“kindofsuicide”.Thespeciesdependsonrt.Whilemanywilldieontheroute,

aslongasenoughmakeit,thespeciessurvives.

Forthemoment,thedetailsofthisextraordinaryinsecttravelareabest

educatedguess.Muchmoreworkisneededtobringmanylooseendstogether.Wareand

Troasthopethatscientistscanworkonplottingthoseroutes.

語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種長途飛行的蜻蜓Panlalaflavescens。

這種蜻蜓冒險長途飛行的原因是它的繁殖需要濕潤的氣候。

1.WhatprovesPantalaflavescensaretheworld,slongest-distanceflyers?

A.Scientistshavetrackedthedragonflyacrosstheworld.

B.TherearemanyPantcilaflavescensinvariouscontinents.

C.ThesamedragonflywasfoundbothinAsiaandAmerica.

D.Pantalaflavescensindifferentcontinentshavesimilargenes.

解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內容可知，領導這項研究的生物學家說基因就是

證據(jù)。Pantalaflavescens蜻蜓在不同的洲有可能留有后代，才會有相似的基因。反過來,

在不同的洲有共同的基因，證明了它們曾飛到過那兒，也就證明了這種蜻蜓是長途飛行者。

2.WhathelpsPantalaflavescensflyoversolongdistance?

A.Theirspecialbodyshape.

B.Theirabilitytousewind.

C.Theirsmallandlightbodies.

D.Theirlargeandstrongwings.

解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Thesedragonflieshaveadaptationssuch

asincreasedsurfaceareasontheirwingsthatenablethemtousethewindtocarry

Ihem.可知，這些蜻蜓適應性強，比如翅膀上表面積的增加，使它們能夠利用風來飛行。故

B項（運用風飛行的能力）正確。

3.WhatisnecessaryforPantalaflavescenstoreproduce?

A.Dampweather.B.Enoughsunshine.

C.Dryenvironment.D.Warmnests.

解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段首句中的WetnessisamustforPantalato

reproduce可知，這種蜻蜓的繁殖必須要濕潤的氣候。

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph5referto?

A.Theweather.B.Theinsect.

C.Thewind.D.Thetrip.

解析：選I）代詞指代題。根據(jù)第五段內容可知，對于這種昆蟲來說，這種危險的長途

飛行是自殺式行為。雖然許多昆蟲會死在途中，但這種物種依靠這種長途飛行生存下來。從

后面一句岫ilomanywilldieontheroute,aslongasenoughmakeit,thespecies

survives.可知，it指上文的危險長途飛行。

B

Icanhearthesoundofinsectsandfeelautumnisnearing.Thismeansmyyear

ofstudyatNaraUniversityofEducationiscomingtoanend.

ThetimeI'vespentherehasflownbysoquickly.ItseemsasifIcameherea

monthago,butinrealityIhavetogohomesoon.WhenIcamehere,Imissedmyfamily

andfriendsbackhomeandfoundithardtoovercomeloneliness,butontheother

hand,Iwasinterestedinthenewenvironmentandhadalotoffun.

IhadvisitedJapanthreetimesbeforecomingtostudyatthisuniversity,but

whenIstartedlivinginJapan,manydayswerefilledwithamixtureofanxietyand

excitement.Isometimesmadesillymistakes,butIthoughtthiswasthebestwayto

learnaboutJapaneseculture.1wasnottheonlyonethatwasnotaccustomedtothe

differentcustomsofJapanesepeople.

MyplanbeforecomingtoJapanwastomakefriendswithsomeJapanesestudents

inuniversities.However,Ifoundmybestfriendswerethosewhocamefromother

countries.Ididn'tknowmuchaboutothercountriesbutIcametobemoreinterested

inthemthroughmakingfriendsfromdifferentplaces,whichmademeawareofmany

differenceandsometimeshard-to-understandcustoms.Furthermore,Iwassurprised

toseemyselfthinkingmoreaboutmyowncultureandrealisedIshouldcometoknow

itbetter.

IamreallyhappythatIcametoNara.Duringmystay,Ifeltthecloserconnection

betweenhumansandnatureherethaninEurope.

語篇解讀：本文是二篇記敘文。文章分享了作作在國外的學習經歷。

5.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?

A.Theauthorfeltpuzzledallthetime.

B.TheauthoradjustedtothelifeinJapan.

C.ManyforeignersliveinthecityofNara.

D.Manystudentsliketheauthorfeltanxious.

解析：選【）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的manydayswerefi1ledwilhamixlureof

anxietyandexcitement和Iwasnottheonlyonethatwasnotaccustomedtothe

differentcustomsofJapanesepeople.可知，許多像作者這樣的學生感到焦慮。

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ihem"inParagraph4referto?

A.Differentcountries.

B.Differentcultures.

C.Manydifferentplaces.

D.Foreignstudents.

解析：選A代詞指代題。根據(jù)第四段中的Ifoundmybestfriendswerethosewho

camefromothercountries.Ididn'tknowmuchaboutothercountriesbutIcamoto

bemoreinterestedin:hemthroughmakingfriendsfromdifferentplaces可知，作

者發(fā)現(xiàn)他最好的朋友是來自其他國家。作者對其他國家穴太了解，但通過結交來自不同地方

的朋友使作者對它們更感興趣了。由此可推知，此處them指不同的國家。

7.WhatdoweknowabouttheJapaneseaccordingtothetext?

A.Theyvaluetheirlivesmuchmore.

B.Theyaredifficulttogetalongwith.

C.Theyaremindfulofprotectingtheenvironment.

D.ManyEuropeanslovetomakefriendswiththem.

解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內容可知，口本人注意保護環(huán)境。

8.Whatistheauthor*spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tolookbackonhisstudy.

B.TocallonreaderstovisitNara.

C.ToshowthebeautyofJapaneseculture.

D.Tosharehisexperienceofstudyingabroad.

解析：選D寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段內容和最后一段內容可知，作者寫這篇文章的目

的是分享他在國外的學習經歷。

C

Somehousesaredesignedtobesmart.Othershavesmartdesigns.Anexampleof

thesecondtypeofhousewonanAwardofExcellencefromtheAmericanInstituteof

Architects.LocatedontheshoreofSullivan*sIslandoffthecoastofSouthCarolina,

theaward-winningcube-shapedbeachhousewasbuilttoreplaceonesmashedtopieces

byHurricaneHugoafewyearsago.HugostruckSouthCarolina,killing18peopleand

damagingordestroying36,000homesinthestate.

BeforeHugo,manynewhousesbuiltalongSouthCarolina'sshorelinewerepoorly

constructed,andenforcementofbuildingcodeswasn'tstrict,accordingto

architectRayHuff,whccreatedthecleverly-designedbeachhouse.InHugo'swake,

al1newshore!inehousesarerequiredtomeetstricter,better-enforcedcodes.The

newbeachhouseonSullivan*sIslandshouldbeabletowithstandaCategory3

hurricanewithpeakwindsof179to209kilometersperhour.

Atfirstsight,thehouseonSul1ivan,sIslandlooksanythingbut

hurriceme-proof.Itsredwoodshellmakesitresemble“akirgepartylanternwat

night,accordingtooneobserver.Butlookscanbedeceiving.Thewoodenframeo:the

houseisreinforcedwithlongsteelrodstogiveitextrastrength.

Tofurtherprotectthehousefromhurricanedamage,Huffraisedit2.7meters

offthegroundontimber（木材）pilings——long,slendercolumnsofwoodanchored

deepinthesand.Pilingsmightappearinsecure,buttheyarestrongenoughtosupport

theweightofthehouse.Theyalsoelevatethehouseabovestormsurges.Thepilings

allowthesurgestorununderthehouseinsteadofrunningintoit."Theseswells

ofwatercomeashoreattremendousspeedsandcausemostofthedamagedoneto

beachfrontbuiIdings,“saidHuff.

Huffdesignedthetimberpilingstobepartiallyconcealed（隱藏）bythehouse's

ground-to-roofshell."Theshellmasksthepilingssothatthehousedoesn'tlook

likeit,sstandingwithitspantspulledup,“saidHuff.Intheeventofastorm

surge,theshel1shouldbreakapartandletthevavesrushunderthehouse,the

architectexplained.

語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一棟因其獨特的設計而獲得大獎的海濱別墅。

這棟別里既抗風防浪，又美觀堅固。

9.Theaward-winningbeachhouseisquitestrongbecause.

A.itisstrengthenedbysteelrods

B.itismadeofredwood

C.itisintheshapeofashell

I）,itisbuiltwithtimberandconcrete

解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Thewoodenframeofthehouseisreinforced

withlongsteelrodstogiveitextrastrength.可知,別墅的木制框架用長鋼條加固,

這給了它額外的強度，因此非常牢固。

10.Huffraisedthehouse2.7metersoffthegroundontimberpilingsinorder

to.

A.withstandpeakwindsofabout200km/hr

B.anchorstrongerpilingsdeepinthesand

C.breakhugeseawavesintosmallerones

D.preventwaterfromrushingintothehouse

解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二至四句可知，樁基可能看起來不安全，但它

們足夠堅固來支撐別墅的重量。它們還能將別里抬高到風暴潮以匕由此可知，Huff用木

樁基將別里抬高到離地面2.7米以上是為了當風暴潮來臨時，風暴潮可以從別里下面沖過

去，而不會沖進別堂。

11.Themainfunctionoftheshellis________.

A.tostrengthenthepilingsofthehouse

B.togivethehouseabetterappearance

C.toprotectthewoodenframeofthehouse

D.toslowdownthespeedoftheswellingwater

解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的Theshellmasksth。pilingssothat

thehousedoesn'Llooklikeit/sstandingwithitspantspulledup可知，外殼遮

蓋了木樁，這樣別墅看起來不會像卷起褲腿站著的樣子，即外殼遮蓋木樁是為了讓別里外觀

更美。

12.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheshel1shouldbe.

A.fancy-lookingB.waterproof

C.easilybreakableD.extremelystrong

解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Intheeventofastormsurge,theshell

shouldbreakapartandletthewavesrushunderthehouse,thearchitectexplained.

可知，在風暴潮涌來的情況下，別里外殼會裂開，讓海浪從別墅下面沖過去。由此可以推斷，

外殼應該很容易破裂。

II.閱讀七選五

Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabrats

arenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.1

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.2Weknowthat,while

awcike,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing1力口強）connectionsbetweenbrain

cells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.

Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetween

neurons（神經元）inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfresh

memoriestoformthenextday.3

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.4Thesynapses（突

觸）inthemicetcikenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthan

thosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhile

sleeping.

IfTononi7stheoryisright,itwou1dexplainwhy,whenwemissanight/ssleep,

wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrains

mayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.

Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeven

thoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.