2024-2025學(xué)年廣東省深圳市高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省深圳市2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題第一部分單項填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1.WithBillinlead,theexplorersenteredtheforestwhichishometomanywildanimals.A.the;a B.不填;a C.a;the D.the;不填【答案】D【詳析】考查冠詞。句意：在比爾的帶領(lǐng)下，探險者們進(jìn)入了這片森林，這里居住著許多野生動物。withsb.inthelead固定搭配，意為“在某人的帶領(lǐng)下”，behometo固定搭配，意為“……的棲息地，……之家”，故選D。2.ThesportsmeetwillbeheldontheplaygroundnextThursdaytheweatherisgood.A.unless B.aslongas C.eventhough D.before【答案】B【詳析】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：只要天氣好，運動會將在下周四在操場上舉行。A.unless除非；B.aslongas只要；C.eventhough即使；D.before在……之前。由下文“theweatherisgood.”可知，此處應(yīng)用aslongas引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。故選B。3.Whatisthemainstructureofthesentence“Theweatherhasturnedcold”?A.S+VP（主語+系動詞+表語）B.S+V+O（主語+謂語動詞+賓語）C.S+V+O+OC（主語+謂語動詞+賓語+賓補）D.S+V+IO+DO（主語+謂語動詞+直接賓語+間接賓語）【答案】A【詳析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：句子“Theweatherhasturnedcold”的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是什么？theweather是主語，hasturned是謂語動詞，turn是系動詞，cold作表語，所以該句子結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+系動詞+表語，故選A。4.Wecan’taddtheprefix(前綴)“un-”totogiveittheopposite(相反的)meaning.A.comfortable B.usual C.correct D.believable【答案】C【詳析】考查構(gòu)詞法。A.comfortable舒適的，可以加un-變?yōu)閡ncomfortable不舒適的；B.usual通常的，可以加un-變?yōu)閡nusual不尋常的；C.correct正確的，不能加un-來構(gòu)成反義詞，其反義詞是incorrect不正確的；D.believable可信的，可以加un-變?yōu)閡nbelievable不可信的。所以我們不能給correct加上前綴un-來得到它的相反意思。故選B。5.Nowyouhavebeenfamiliareachotherandthenyoucanstaytouchwitheachotherfromnowon.A.with;in B.at;on C.by;for D.to;from【答案】A【詳析】考查固定搭配。句意：現(xiàn)在你們已經(jīng)彼此熟悉了，從現(xiàn)在起你們可以保持聯(lián)系。befamiliarwith固定搭配，意為“熟悉”，stayintouchwith固定搭配，意為“與……得聯(lián)系”，故選A。6.Whichofthefollowingwordshasadifferentwordformation(構(gòu)詞法)?A.sculpture B.memorize C.motorway D.humorous【答案】C【詳析】考查構(gòu)詞法。句意：以下哪個詞的構(gòu)詞法不同？A.sculpture雕塑；B.memorize記??；C.motorway高速公路；D.humorous幽默的。A、B、D項都是派生法，C是合成法，即由motor和way合成的，故選C。7.Thebakeryatmyfatherworkedafewyearsagoisnotfarfromhere.A.which B.that C.where D.what【答案】A【詳析】考查定語從句。句意：我父親幾年前工作過的那家面包店離這里不遠(yuǎn)?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)限制性定語從句，對先行詞bakery進(jìn)行限定說明，先行詞在從句中作workedat的賓語，且介詞at提到關(guān)系代詞前，所以只能用關(guān)系代詞which代替先行詞在從句中作賓語。故選A項。8.Currently,sheafantasticnewkitchenforyouandshecanfinishitinthreedays.A.hasdesigned B.isdesigning C.wasdesigning D.wastodesign【答案】B【詳析】考查時態(tài)。句意：目前，她正在為你設(shè)計一個很棒的新廚房，她可以在三天內(nèi)完成。design“設(shè)計”。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語Currently可知，此處描述的是現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作，故時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，且主語為she，be動詞用is，謂語用isdesigning，符合語境。故選B。9.Themanprofessionisaneditorlivesnexttousinthesamecommunity.A.his B.whom C.who D.whose【答案】D【詳析】考查定語從句。句意：那個以編輯為職業(yè)的人住在我們同一個社區(qū)的隔壁。______professionisaneditor是定語從句，修飾先行詞theman，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語，修飾profession，應(yīng)用whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，故選D。10.—ThetallwomandressedinredovertherelookslikeourEnglishteacher.—Itbeher.Shehasgoneabroad.A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.needn’t【答案】C【詳析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：——那邊穿紅衣服的高個子女人看起來像我們的英語老師?！豢赡苁撬?。她已經(jīng)出國了。A.can’t表示“不可能”，用于有把握的否定推測，符合語境。B.shouldn’t表示“不應(yīng)該”，語氣較弱，不符合有把握的否定推測。C.mustn’t表示“禁止”，不符合語境。D.needn’t表示“不必”，也與語境不符語境。根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容，第二個人表示“不可能是她”，因為“她已經(jīng)出國了”。這里需要一個表示有把握、否定推測的情態(tài)動詞。故選C項。11.Nancypickeduptheblueenvelopeandturneditoverbecauseshewantedtoknowwhatwaswrittenonthecover.A.enormously B.bitterly C.curiously D.horribly【答案】C【詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：南希拿起藍(lán)色信封，好奇地翻過來，想知道封面上寫了什么。A。enormously巨大地；B.bitterly痛苦地；C.curiously好奇地；D.horribly可怕地。由下文“becauseshewantedtoknowwhatwaswrittenonthecover.”可知，她想知道封面上寫了什么，所以好奇地翻過來，故選C。12.Tomisexpectedthejobwellbecausehetendsverycarefulinhiswork.A.tocomplete;being B.tocomplete;tobeC.completing;tobe D.completing;being【答案】B【詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：湯姆有望完成這項工作，因為他工作時往往非常細(xì)心。beexpectedtodosth.固定搭配，意為“預(yù)計做某事；有望做某事”，tendtodosth.固定搭配，意為“傾向于做某事；往往做某事”，故選B。13.Jacktheteacher’sadvicelasttimesohefailedinthemathsexam.A.wasignored B.willignore C.ignores D.ignored【答案】D【詳析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：杰克上次無視老師的建議，所以數(shù)學(xué)考試不及格。根據(jù)下文failed可知，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時，描述發(fā)生在過去的事情，句子主語Jack與動詞ignore構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故需用一般過去時的主動語態(tài)。A選項為一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，B選項為一般將來時，C選項為一般現(xiàn)在時。故選D項。14.Itissaidthatthemanager’sanswerwas.Thatmeanshedidn’tagreewiththeplan.A.impressive B.negative C.ordinary D.formal【答案】B【詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：據(jù)說經(jīng)理的回答是否定的。那意味著他不同意這個計劃。A.impressive令人印象深刻的；B.negative否定的，消極的；C.ordinary普通的；D.formal正式的。根據(jù)“Thatmeanshedidn’tagreewiththeplan.”可知，經(jīng)理的回答是否定的。故選B。15.Hetooktopaintingwhenhewasonlysixandendedupawell-knownpainterintheworld.A.learn;tobecome B.learning;tobecomeC.learning;becoming D.learn;becoming【答案】C【詳析】考查動名詞。句意：他六歲時就開始學(xué)習(xí)繪畫，后來成為世界知名的畫家。短語taketo意為“開始，開始從事于”中的to是介詞，后面應(yīng)該用名詞或動名詞作賓語，所以，第一個空格處用learning；第二空為endupdoing意為“最終做某事”，所以第二個空格處用becoming作賓語。故選C項。16.—Excuseme,Itakethisseatbesideyou?—Sorry,youmustn’t.Ithasbeentakenalready.A.may B.need C.dare D.shall【答案】A【詳析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：——對不起，我可以坐在你旁邊的這個座位上嗎？——對不起，你不能。這個座位已經(jīng)被占了。A.may可以（表示請求）；B.need需要；C.dare敢；D.shall將。由上文excuseme可知，此處表示請求，故選A。17.Whichsentencehasadifferentsentencestructure(句子結(jié)構(gòu))fromtheotherthree?A.Hetoldmetokeepcalm.B.Isawherwaitingatthebusstop.C.Ihavesomequestionstoaskyou.D.Hehelpmehavethiswashingmachinerepaired.【答案】C【詳析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：哪個句子與其他三個句子結(jié)構(gòu)不同？A.Hetoldmetokeepcalm.他告訴我保持冷靜；B.Isawherwaitingatthebusstop.我看到她在公交車站等著；C.Ihavesomequestionstoaskyou.我有一些問題要問你；D.Hehelpmehavethiswashingmachinerepaired.他幫助我修理了這臺洗衣機。A項、B項和D項是主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語結(jié)構(gòu)；C項是主語+謂語+賓語+后置定語結(jié)構(gòu)，故選C。18.A(n)somethingisashortaccountofit,whichgivesthemainpointsbutnotthedetails.A.warningof B.approachto C.passionfor D.summaryof【答案】D【詳析】考查名詞短語辨析。句意：某物的概述是對它的簡短描述，它給出了要點但沒有細(xì)節(jié)。A.warningof……的警告；B.approachto……的方法；C.passionfor……的熱情；D.summaryof……的概述。結(jié)合somethingisashortaccountofit,whichgivesthemainpointsbutnotthedetails可知，本句中應(yīng)表達(dá)“某物的概述是對它的簡短描述”，故用summaryof符合語境。故選D。19.Whensomethingisinamirrororinwater,youcanseeitsimageinthemirrororinthewater.A.reminded B.reflected C.recommended D.requested【答案】B【詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)物體在鏡子或水中反射時，你可以在鏡子或水中看到它的影像。A.reminded提醒；B.reflected反射；C.recommended推薦；D.requested要求。根據(jù)句中“seeitsimageinthemirrororinthewater.”可知，在水或鏡面中看到物體影像，是物體“反射”到鏡面或水中。故選B。20.It’shightimethatyoushouldyourworkathandoryoucan’tfinishitontime.A.recoverfrom B.concentrateon C.comeacross D.wonderat【答案】B【詳析】考查動詞短語。句意：你該集中精力做手頭的工作了，否則你不能按時完成。A.recoverfrom從……恢復(fù)；B.concentrateon集中于；C.comeacross偶遇；D.wonderat對……感到驚訝。由下文“yourworkathandoryoucan’tfinishitontime.”可知，此處表示集中精力于手頭上的工作，故選B。第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AStoriesBehindFamousCompanyNamesInventorCalebBradhamhadoriginallywantedtobeadoctorbutstartedworkinginadrugstorewhenhereturnedhomeinNorthCarolina.In1893,hemadeup(配制)whathefirstcalled“Brad’sDrink”,amixofwater,caramel,lemonoilandotherflavors.Fiveyearslater,herenameditPepsi-Cola.Heclaimedthedrinkcouldhelpwithdigestion(消化).Afterwards,BradhamchangedthetermintothenamePepsi.Thisluxurycar-makercombinedelements(要素)fromtheFordandOldsmobilecompanieswhenitwasstartedin1902andlaterbecameknownforitsinnovationandhighquality.ThecompanywasnamedaftertheFrenchexplorerCadillac,whofoundedthecityofDetroitin1701.Companyco-founderGordonBowkerhassaidthatwhilebrainstormingnames,someonebroughtoutamapthatfeaturedtheoldminingtownofStarbo.ThatmayhaveledhimtothinkofStarbuck,thefirstmate(大副)inHermanMelville’sfamousnovel,MobyDick.Notonlythecompanynamebutalsotheoriginofitslogohasarousedgreatcuriosity.TheinventorofRolex,HansWilsdorf,wasexpectingtomakeanelegant,yetprecise,wristwatch.Hewantedanamethatwaseasytosay,couldworkindifferentlanguages,andlookgoodonthewatches.HechoseRolexin1908aftersomeconsideration.21.Whostartedtobuildacityatthebeginningofthe18thcentury?A.CalebBradham. B.GordeonBowker.C.Cadillac. D.HansWilsdorf.22.Pepsihasahistoryof______.A.lessthanahundredyears. B.abouttwohundredyears.C.aboutthreehundredyears. D.overahundredandtwentyyears.23.WhatdidHansWilsdorfcontributeto?A.Makingupadrinkthatcouldprovideenergy.B.Creatingadevicethatshowedwhattimeitwas.C.Designingakindofluxurycarwithhighquality.D.Inventingakindofmedicinethathelpedwithdigestion.【答案】21.C22.D23.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾個著名公司名字背后的故事，包括百事(Pepsi)、凱迪拉克(Cadillac)、星巴克(Starbuck)以及勞力士(Rolex)名字的由來及相關(guān)背景信息?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThecompanywasnamedaftertheFrenchexplorerCadillac,whofoundedthecityofDetroitin1701.(該公司是以法國探險家凱迪拉克的名字命名的，凱迪拉克在1701年建立了底特律市。)”可知，是凱迪拉克在1701年(屬于18世紀(jì)初)建立了底特律城。故選C?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“In1893,hemadeup(配制)whathefirstcalled‘Brad’sDrink’,amixofwater,caramel,lemonoilandotherflavors.Fiveyearslater,herenameditPepsi-Cola.Heclaimedthedrinkcouldhelpwithdigestion(消化).Afterwards,BradhamchangedthetermintothenamePepsi.(1893年，他配制出了最初被他稱為“布拉德飲料”的飲品，它是由水、焦糖、檸檬油和其他香料混合而成的。五年后，他將其重新命名為“百事可樂”。他宣稱這種飲料有助于消化。之后，布拉德姆又把這個名稱改成了“百事”。)”可知，從1893年開始出現(xiàn)相關(guān)飲品到現(xiàn)在(2024年)已經(jīng)超過了120年。故選D?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheinventorofRolex,HansWilsdorf,wasexpectingtomakeanelegant,yetprecise,wristwatch.(勞力士的發(fā)明者漢斯?威爾斯多夫期望制造出一款優(yōu)雅且精準(zhǔn)的腕表。)”可知，他發(fā)明了勞力士手表，也就是創(chuàng)造了一種能顯示時間的裝置。故選B。BGrowinguponaremoteMichiganfarm,HenryFordknewlittleofallthis—buthesoonshowedhisinterestmoreintheindustrialfuturethanintheagriculturalpast.Hisfather,William,hopedhiseldestsonwouldjoinhimonthefarm,andfinallytakeitover.ButHenryhatedfarmworkanddideverythinghecouldtoavoidit.Itwasnotthathewaslazybutthattherepeateddailylifeofthefarmupsethim.Ifgivenamechanical(機械的)jobtodo,hewouldbesettoworkeagerly.Whenhewastwelve,hebecamealmostuncontrollablyinterestedinclocksandwatches.Soonhewasrepairingclocksandwatchesforfriends.In1876,hiswifediedinchildbirth.Henrysufferedablowanddecidedtogetawayfromthefarmassoonashecould.Threeyearslater,heworkedasamechanicinDetroit.Onedayin1877,whenhefirstsawasteam-drivenlocomotive(蒸汽機車),Henrywenttothelocomotivedriverandaskedhimplentyofquestionsabouttheengine’sperformance.Fromthenon,Henrybecamecrazyaboutsteamengines.Later,withthehelpofanoldco-worker,HenrygotanengineerpositionattheEdisonDetroitElectricityCompany.AlthoughHenryquicklybecamechiefengineerattheDetroitpowerfactory,hisinterestinfuelenginestookuphislife.Hespentmostofhissparetimetryingtobuildanengineaccordingtohisowndesign.Henrywentthroughthehardwaytobuildanenginebyhandfromthebeginning.Itwastwoyearsbeforehesucceededinbuildingaworkingcar.Itwasunattractive-lookingonbicyclewheelsanddrivenbyarubberbeltthatconnectedtheengine.Henrycalleditthe“Quadricycle(四輪自行車)”.24.WhatappealedtoHenryFordmostwhenhewasveryyoung?A.Sports. B.Farmwork. C.Machines. D.Art.25.HowdidFord’swifeloseherlife?A.Whenshewasgivingbirth. B.Becauseofaseriousdisease.C.Owingtoapsychologicalproblem. D.Whenshewasexperiencinganaturaldisaster.26.WhendidFordbecomemadaboutsteamengines?A.Beforehewenttouniversitytolearnmachinery.B.Beforehegotanengineerpositionatacompany.C.Afterhemadefriendswiththelocomotivedriver.D.Afterheaskedsomequestionsaboutalocomotive.27.Whatpartoftheworkingcarismentioned(提到)inthelastparagraph?A.Objectsthatpeoplecansitoninavehicle.B.Anobjectinavehiclethatcanmakeitgoslowerorstop.C.Roundobjectsunderavehiclethatcanturnwhenitmoves.D.Anobjectadrivercanturntocontrolthedirectionthatavehiclegoesin.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了亨利·福特從小對機械產(chǎn)生濃厚興趣，并最終通過自己的努力成功制造出第一輛工作汽車的故事?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifgivenamechanicaljobtodo,hewouldbesettoworkeagerly.(如果給他一份機械方面的工作，他會熱衷于這項工作)”和第二段“Whenhewastwelve,hebecamealmostuncontrollablyinterestedinclocksandwatches.(當(dāng)他12歲的時候，他對鐘表產(chǎn)生了幾乎無法控制的興趣)”可知，當(dāng)亨利?福特很小的時候，機器最吸引他。故選C?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“In1876,hiswifediedinchildbirth.(1876年，他的妻子在分娩時去世)”可知，福特的妻子是在分娩時去世的。故選A?！?6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Onedayin1877,whenhefirstsawasteam-drivenlocomotive,Henrywenttothelocomotivedriverandaskedhimplentyofquestionsabouttheengine’sperformance.Fromthenon,Henrybecamecrazyaboutsteamengines.(1877年的一天，當(dāng)他第一次看到蒸汽驅(qū)動的機車時，亨利走到機車司機面前，問了他很多關(guān)于發(fā)動機性能的問題。從那時起，亨利對蒸汽機著迷了)”可知，福特是在問了一些關(guān)于火車的問題之后對蒸汽機著迷的。故選D?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Onedayin1877,whenhefirstsawasteam-drivenlocomotive,Henrywenttothelocomotivedriverandaskedhimplentyofquestionsabouttheengine’sperformance.Fromthenon,Henrybecamecrazyaboutsteamengines.(1877年的一天，當(dāng)他第一次看到蒸汽驅(qū)動的機車時，亨利走到機車司機面前，問了他很多關(guān)于發(fā)動機性能的問題。從那時起，亨利對蒸汽機著迷了)”可推知，福特是在問了一些關(guān)于火車的問題之后對蒸汽機著迷的。故選C。CAstheworldtriestogiveupfossilfuels,thereisalotoffocusonrenewableenergysourceslikewindandsolarenergy.Butoneverypromisingsourceofenergycomesfromdeepinsidetheearth.Andoldoilwellscouldhelpgreatlyindevelopingandusingthisenergyresource.“Geothermal(地?zé)岬?”powerisbasedontheheatthatcomesfromdeepinsidetheearth.“Geo”meansEarthand“thermal”means“heat”.Earth’score,deepinthecenteroftheplanet,isaboutashotasthesun’ssurface,andisexpectedtostaythatwayforbillionsofyears.Thisheatslowlymakesitswayoutwardfromthecore.Insomeplaces,wheretherockshavelotsofholesinthem,thisheatcomesoutindifferentkindsofhotsprings,withhotwaterandsteamcomingoutnaturallythroughtheearth’ssurface.Inareaslikethis,humanshavebeenusingtheearth’sheatfordifferentpurposesforhundredsofyears.Ingeneral,thoughgeothermalenergyrequiresdrilling(鉆孔)deepintotheearth.Therearemanydifferentwaysofcollectingtheheatanddifferentwaysofusingit.Butthesegeothermalwellscaneasilyproducehugeamountsofheatandelectricityforhundredsofyears—allwithoutpollution.Thereisanotherpositivesidetogeothermalenergy—itcanproducepowerdayandnightallyearlong.Solarpowerdependsonthesun,andwindpowerdependsonwind.Thatmeansthattheyarenotconstant.Butenergyfromgeothermalsourcesisalwaysavailable(可獲得的).However,geothermalenergyalsofacesabigchallenge—drillingdowndeepenoughtocreateageothermalplantishard,anditcostsalotofmoney.Somegeothermalplantsrequiredrillingdownmorethan4miles(6.5kilometers)belowtheearth’ssurface.Drillingdownevendeepercanleadtomuchmoreheatandfarmorepowerfulenergysources.Thecostsofallthisdrillingareabigpartofwhathaslimitedgeothermalprojects.Butnowpeoplearestartingtothinkaboutacleverideathatcouldmakegeothermalenergyfarcheaper:usingoilwellsthatarealreadythere.28.Whatcanbelearnedaboutgeothermalenergyfromthetext?A.Itiscollectedfromthedepthsoftheearth. B.Itdoesn’tbelongtorenewableenergy.C.Ithasonlybeenusedforacentury. D.Itcanbegotfromfossilfuels.29.WhatmightNOTbetheadvantageofgeothermalenergy?A.Variouswaysofusingit. B.Availableallthetime.C.Environmentallyfriendly. D.Cheapandeasytocollect.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”inPara.4referto?A.Whateffectsgeothermalenergyhasonourlives.B.Howsolarenergyandwindenergyarestored.C.Whatsolarpowerandwindpowerrelyon.D.Howgeothermalenergycanbeused.31.Whyarepeopleturningtooilwellsforgeothermalenergy?A.Toreducethecosts. B.Tolimitgeothermalprojects.C.Totakecareoftheenvironment. D.Totrytosaveandmakefulluseofenergy.【答案】28.A29.D30.C31.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了地?zé)崮苓@種可再生能源的來源、利用方式、優(yōu)勢以及面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，并提到了一種利用現(xiàn)有油井來降低地?zé)崮荛_采成本的新思路?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段““Geothermal(地?zé)岬?”powerisbasedontheheatthatcomesfromdeepinsidetheearth.(地?zé)崮苁腔趤碜缘厍蛏钐幍臒崃俊?”可知，地?zé)崮苁菑牡厍蛏钐幨占?。故選A?！?9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Ingeneral,thoughgeothermalenergyrequiresdrilling(鉆孔)deepintotheearth.Therearemanydifferentwaysofcollectingtheheatanddifferentwaysofusingit.Butthesegeothermalwellscaneasilyproducehugeamountsofheatandelectricityforhundredsofyears—allwithoutpollution(一般來說，盡管地?zé)崮苄枰钊氲厍蜻M(jìn)行鉆探。收集熱量和使用熱量的方法有很多種。但這些地?zé)峋梢院敛毁M力地為數(shù)百年提供大量的熱量和電力——而且完全沒有污染)”可知，地?zé)崮艿膬?yōu)點包括使用它的各種方式、隨時可用以及環(huán)保，因此選項A、B、C都是地?zé)崮艿膬?yōu)點；根據(jù)文章第四段“However,geothermalenergyalsofacesabigchallenge—drillingdowndeepenoughtocreateageothermalplantishard,anditcostsalotofmoney(然而，地?zé)崮芤裁媾R著一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)——鉆探足夠深以建造一個地?zé)岚l(fā)電廠是困難的，而且需要花費大量的金錢)”可知，地?zé)崮艿氖占⒉蝗菀浊页杀竞芨?，所以選項D不是地?zé)崮艿膬?yōu)點。故選D?！?0題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Solarpowerdependsonthesun,andwindpowerdependsonwind.Thatmeansthattheyarenotconstant(太陽能依賴于太陽，風(fēng)能依賴于風(fēng)。這意味著它們不是恒定的)”可知，That指代的是前面兩句話的內(nèi)容，即“太陽能依賴于太陽，風(fēng)能依賴于風(fēng)”，也就是太陽能和風(fēng)能所依賴的東西。故選C?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thecostsofallthisdrillingareabigpartofwhathaslimitedgeothermalprojects.Butnowpeoplearestartingtothinkaboutacleverideathatcouldmakegeothermalenergyfarcheaper:usingoilwellsthatarealreadythere(所有這些鉆探的成本是限制地?zé)犴椖康囊粋€重要因素。但現(xiàn)在人們開始考慮一個可以使地?zé)崮鼙阋说枚嗟穆斆飨敕ǎ豪靡呀?jīng)存在的油井)”可知，人們轉(zhuǎn)向油井來獲取地?zé)崮苁菫榱私档统杀?。故選A。DThomasScovel,oneofthefirstprofessorsfromtheUnitedStatestoteachataChineseuniversity,returnedtohisoldschoolrecentlytomakeadonation(捐贈)foroneofhisformerstudents.ScovelwasactuallyborninJining,Shandongprovince,in1939asthesonofadoctorfromAmericaandlaterreturnedtotheUS.HecamebacktoChinain1979totakeupateachingpositionatTianjinForeignStudiesUniversity.Theformerprofessor,whohaswrittenabookaboutthegreatchangesthathavetakenplaceinChinasincereformandopening-upwasintroducedin1978,tooktothestageattheuniversity’s60thanniversarycelebrationonSept28topresentacheckfor2.2millionyuan($300,000)totheuniversityforhisformerstudentYangBin.Thedonationwillgotowardakindofscholarship(獎學(xué)金)andawardsforteachers,andaddstoanearlier2millionyuandonatedbyYangin2014.Thecashwaspaidtostudentsasawardsforexhibitingexceptionalleadership,athleticskillsandaspiritofbeinghelpfulandgenerous.Fortheteachingawards,theyhavebeennamedafterScovelandhiswifeJanene,whoalsotaughtattheuniversity.ZhouHonglei,theuniversity’sleader,recognizedScovelas“oneofthefirstforeignprofessorstojourneyfromtheUStoChina”.Scovelwroteamessagefortheuniversity’s60thanniversarycelebration,reflectingonthelate1970swhenChinabeganitsjourneyofreformandopening-up.From1979on,Scovelonlyreturnedtotheuniversityin2014forits50thanniversary.Inoneofhiswritings,herememberedencounteringashortpoliticalphraseputuponthewallpromotingthethenpopular“fourmodernizations”onabillboard,whichread,“CatchupwithandovertakeJapanbytheYear2000!”“LittledidIknowthatnotlongafterthenewmillennium(千年),ChinawouldfarovertakeJapanintermsofexportstotheUS,”hesaid.ScovelnotedthesignificantchangesinChinasince1978.“Fortyyearsago,itwasalmostunimaginablethat,intoday’sChina,numerouspeoplewouldhavetheirownhouses,haveacarandthatphoneswouldbemorecommonthanfountainpens,”hesaid.32.WhatcanweknowaboutThomasScovel?A.Hehascompletedabookabouthisfamily.B.HehasmostlylivedinChinasince1979.C.Heonceworkedasadoctor.D.Heisinhiseightiesnow.33.WhydidYangBindonatethemoneytotheuniversity?A.Torewardteachersandstudents.B.Topurchasesometeachingequipment.C.Toofferpoorstudentssomeeducationfees.D.Tohelpwiththeconstructionofsomebuildings.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“encountering”inthefifthparagraphmean?A.Dependingon. B.Comingacross. C.Breakinginto. D.Turningin.35.Whatisasuitabletitleforthenewsreport?A.USprofessordescribesgreatchangesinChinasince1978B.Scovelwritesamessageforuniversity’s60thanniversaryC.USprofessormakesspeechesatTianjinForeignStudiesUniversityD.ScoveltakesupateachingpositionatTianjinForeignStudiesUniversity【答案】32.D33.A34.B35.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要講述的是美國教授托馬斯·斯科維爾重返中國高校，為其曾教過的學(xué)生捐贈獎學(xué)金，并回顧了自1978年中國改革開放以來的巨大變遷?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ScovelwasactuallyborninJining,Shandongprovince,in1939asthesonofadoctorfromAmericaandlaterreturnedtotheUS.(斯科維爾1939年出生于山東省濟寧市，父親是一名美國醫(yī)生，后來回到美國。)”可知，關(guān)于托馬斯·斯科維爾我們能知道他現(xiàn)在八十多歲了。故選D項?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thedonationwillgotowardakindofscholarship(獎學(xué)金)andawardsforteachers,andaddstoanearlier2millionyuandonatedbyYangin2014.Thecashwaspaidtostudentsasawardsforexhibitingexceptionalleadership,athleticskillsandaspiritofbeinghelpfulandgenerous.(這筆捐款將用于教師獎學(xué)金和獎勵，這是楊先生在2014年捐贈的200萬元的基礎(chǔ)上的又一筆捐款。這筆錢是作為對表現(xiàn)出卓越領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力、運動技能以及樂于助人和慷慨精神的學(xué)生的獎勵。)”可知，楊先生把錢捐給學(xué)校是為了獎勵老師和學(xué)生。故選A項?！?4題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞句中“…ashortpoliticalphraseputuponthewallpromotingthethenpopular“fourmodernizations”onabillboard,whichread,“CatchupwithandovertakeJapanbytheYear2000!”(……一個簡短的政治標(biāo)語，用來宣傳當(dāng)時流行的“四個現(xiàn)代化”，上面寫著：“到2000年趕上并超過日本！”他說：“我一點也不知道，在新千年之后不久，中國對美國的出口將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過日本?！?”由此可知，此處為他記得在一個廣告牌上看到了一個簡短的政治標(biāo)語。故可猜測劃線單詞encountering為“看到”的意思，和B選項Comingacross“偶遇”意思相近。故選B項?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文，尤其是第三段中“Theformerprofessor,whohaswrittenabookaboutthegreatchangesthathavetakenplaceinChinasincereformandopening-upwasintroducedin1978(這位前教授寫了一本關(guān)于中國自1978年改革開放以來發(fā)生的巨大變化的書)”和第四段以及最后一段中的“ScovelnotedthesignificantchangesinChinasince1978.(斯科維爾指出，中國自1978年以來發(fā)生了重大變化。)”可知，這篇新聞報道的合適標(biāo)題是“一位美國教授描述了1978年以來中國的巨大變化”。故選A項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Howoftenonehearschildrenwishingtheyweregrownup,andoldpeoplewishingtheywereyoungagain?____36____.Thehappiestpersonistheonewhoenjoyswhateachagegiveshimwithoutwastinghistimeonuselessregrets.Childhoodisatimewhentherearefewresponsibilitiesfortheirfamilies’life.Ifachildhasgoodparents,heisfed,lookedafterandloved,whateverhemaydo.Itisimpossiblethathewilleveragaininhisfuturelifebegivensomuchwithouthavingtodoanythinginreturn.____37____-thingsolderpeoplehavelostinterestinbecausetheyaretoocommon.____38____.Heisnotsofreetodowhathewishestodo.Heiscontinuallybeingtoldnottodothingsorbeingpunishedforsomethingwronghehasdone.Whenayoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayforhisfood,hisclothes,andhisroom.____39____.Ifhespendsmostofhistimeplayingaboutinthewaythatheusedtoasachild,hewillgohungry.Andifhebreaksthelawsofsocietyasheusedtobreakthelawsofhisparents,hemaygotoprison.____40____ifheworkshard,keepsoutoftroubleandhasgoodhealth.A.Butachildhashisparents.B.Eachagehasitspleasuresanditspains.C.Ateenagershouldlearntotakecareofothers.D.Hehastoworkifhewantstolivecomfortably.E.Besides,lifeisalwayspresentingnewthingstothechild.F.Theycantellhimwhatheshoulddowhenhehasproblemsinlife.G.Hecanhavethegreathappinessofsettinguphisownpositioninsociety.【答案】36.B37.E38.A39.D40.G【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。主要論述了一個人如果能很好地利用生命中的每一個年齡，他就是最幸福的?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Howoftenonehearschildrenwishingtheyweregrownup,andoldpeoplewishingtheywereyoungagain?(有多少次我們聽到孩子們希望自己長大了，老人希望自己再年輕？)以及下文“Thehappiestpersonistheonewhoenjoyswhateachagegiveshimwithoutwastinghistimeonuselessregrets.(最幸福的人是享受每個年齡給他的東西，而不是把時間浪費在無謂的后悔上。)”可知，上文提到孩子希望長大，老人希望年輕，下文講述不同年齡段的快樂與痛苦，B選項Eachagehasitspleasuresanditspains.(每個年齡段都有它的快樂和痛苦。)可知，起到上下文的承上啟下作用，符合語境。故選B項?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Itisimpossiblethathewilleveragaininhisfuturelifebegivensomuchwithouthavingtodoanythinginreturn.(在他未來的生活中，他不可能再得到這么多而不需要做任何回報。)”以及下文“thingsolderpeoplehavelostinterestinbecausetheyaretoocommon.(老年人已經(jīng)對這些東西失去了興趣，因為它們太常見了。)”可知，上文說孩子在童年被給予很多卻無需回報，下文提到老人失去興趣的事物，E選項Besides,lifeisalwayspresentingnewthingstothechild.(此外，生活總是給孩子呈現(xiàn)新事物。)可知，說明孩子童年除了被照顧，還能接觸新事物，銜接自然，上下文語意連貫。故選E項?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Heisnotsofreetodowhathewishestodo.Heiscontinuallybeingtoldnottodothingsorbeingpunishedforsomethingwronghehasdone.(他不能自由地做他想做的事。他不斷被告知不要做某事，或者因為他做錯了什么而受到懲罰。)”可知，該段后文講述孩子不自由，會被限制和懲罰，A選項Butachildhashisparents.(但是孩子有父母。)可知，引出下文父母對孩子的約束，符合邏輯。故選A項?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Whenayoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayforhisfood,hisclothes,andhisroom.(當(dāng)一個年輕人開始自己謀生時，他就不能再指望別人為他的衣食住行買單了。)”可知，前文說年輕人開始自己謀生，就不能指望別人為他支付生活費用，D選項Hehastoworkifhewantstolivecomfortably.(如果他想生活舒適，就必須工作。)可知，說明年輕人需要工作來維持生活，承接上文內(nèi)容，為對上文內(nèi)容的語意遞進(jìn)。故選D項?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Andifhebreaksthelawsofsocietyasheusedtobreakthelawsofhisparents,hemaygotoprison.(如果他違反社會的法律，就像他曾經(jīng)違反他父母的法律一樣，他可能會進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。)”可知，前文提到年輕人若不努力工作或違法會面臨不好的結(jié)果，此句用but轉(zhuǎn)折，G選項Hecanhavethegreathappinessofsettinguphisownpositioninsociety.(他能在社會上建立自己的地位，從而獲得巨大的幸福。)可知，說明年輕人努力工作會有好的結(jié)果，符合語境。故選G項。第三部分語言運用（共三節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。HussamAl-Attar,a15-year-oldboyinGaza,isabletobuildadevicetoprovideelectricityforthelightsofthetentheisstayinginwithhisfamily.Al-Attargottwofansatamarketandusedthemtocreatesmallwindturbines(渦輪機)toproduceelectricity.His____41____ledothersinthecampwherehestayedtostartcallinghimthe“NewtonofGaza”.Thatis____42____theEnglishscientist,IsaacNewton.Newtonis____43____hismajor____44____discoveriesinthefieldsofphysics,mathematicsandastronomymorethan300yearsago.Afamous____45____aboutNewtondescribeshowanapplefallingonhisheadledhimtodiscoverthe____46____ofgravity(重力).Al-Attarandhisfamilyarestayinginatentthatis____47____attachedto(附著)ahouse.Hewasabletoclimbontotheroofto____48____thetwofans,oneabovetheother.Thewindcould____49____thefans,whichproducedsmallamountsofelectricity.Hethenconnectedthefanstowiresandbuiltachargingstation.Al-Attaralsodesignedswitches(開關(guān))to_____50_____alightingsystemmadeoutofwood.Al-Attartriedtodesignthedevicebut_____51_____twice,andittookhimalotoftimetodevelopaworkingsystem.Hestarteddevelopingitfurther,bitbybit,_____52_____hewasabletoextendthewiresthroughtheroomtothetent,sothatthetentwouldhavelight.Hewasha