考研閱讀理解英語一真題2023

考研閱讀理解英語一真題2023

考研閱讀理解英語一真題2023

說到詞匯量，就免不了要背單詞，這也是我們每個考研人都感到

頭疼的地方。大多數(shù)同學都有這樣的體會，單詞背了忘，忘了又背，

做翻譯閱讀時，覺得很眼熟、很親切，但就是想不起來，下文是我為

你細心編輯整理的考研閱讀理解英語一真題，期望對你有所幫忙，更

多內(nèi)容，請點擊相關欄目查看，感謝！

考研閱讀理解英語一真題1

Text3

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrasourceat

Peer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNottannounced

today.TheFollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,after

widespreadconcernthatMistakesindataanalysisare

contributingtothePublishedresearchfindings.

Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublished

inourjournal,writesMcNuttinaneditorial.Workingwiththe

AmericanStatisticalAssociation,theJournalhasappointed

sevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingManuscript

willbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybytheJournals

editors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorby

outsidepeerTheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternal

statisticianstoreviewthese

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,

千里之行，始于足下。

McNuttsaid,Thecreationofthestatisticsboardwasmotivated

byconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddata

analysisinscientificresearchandispartofSciencesoverall

drivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.

GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvard

SchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,sayshe

expectstheboardtoplayprimarilyonadvisoryrole.Heagreed

tojoinbecausehefoundtheforesightbehindtheestablishment

oftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealasting

impact.Thisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublications

inScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupof

publishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafter

Science.

Johnloannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearch

methodology,saysthatthepolicyisamostwelcomestep

forwardandlongoverdue,Mostjournalsareweakinstatistical

review,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.I

thinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,

statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview,hesays.

ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternal

Medicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationand

TheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.

Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalyze

data,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglycommoninpublished

research,accordingtoDavidVaux,acellbiologist.Researchers

shouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2023,butjournals

shouldalsotakeatougherline,engagingreviewerswhoare

statisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifythe

第2頁/共17頁

process.VauxsaysthatSciencesideatopasssomepapersto

statisticianshassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitrelies

ontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentifythepapersthat

needscrutinyinthefirstplace.

31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat

[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.

[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.

[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.

[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.

32.Thephraseflaggedup(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaning

to

[A]found.

[B]revised.

[C]marked

[D]stored

33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentof

theSBoREmay

[A]poseathreattoallitspeers

千里之行，始于足下。

[B]meetwithstrongopposition

[C]increaseSciencescirculation.

[D]setanexampleforotherjournals

34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

A.addstoresearchersworklosd.

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditorsDesks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

31.Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks

32.Bmarked

33.Dsetanexampleforotherjournals

第4頁/共17頁

34.Chasroomforfurtherimprovement

35.AsciencejoinsPushtoscreenstatisticsinpapers

考研閱讀理解英語一真題2

Text3

TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedan

interestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenhe

acceptedthisyear'sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromthe

onlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNature

discusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershave

joinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,likethe

FundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthe

telephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternet

entrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheir

chosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthto

drawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.

WhatJsnottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandful

ofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,

astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannot

buytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsare

anexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,say

scientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemof

peer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoof

peer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewed

research.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.

千里之行，始于足下。

Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthe

criticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleinto

science,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareers

inresearch.

AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimate

concernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—are

distributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launched

thisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelife

sciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation's1imitofthree

recipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,has

longbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodern

research—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowover

whoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryof

theHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetup

byaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodo

withhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhem

legitimacy.

Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,

twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldaccept

suchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelya

goodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometosciencerather

thangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthe

mechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butit

istheprize-givers'moneytodowithastheyplease.Itis

wisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.

真題解析：

文章主題及背景學問：此篇閱讀的主題內(nèi)容為“基礎物理學獎”，

第6頁/共17頁

假如對于這一背景信息有所了解，這篇文章便可輕松看懂，做題更是

十拿九穩(wěn)!與2023年相比,2023考研閱讀文章同樣注意時效性,Text3

便是反應了2023年3月份的一次實時大事：基礎物理學基金會于3

月20日晚在瑞士日內(nèi)瓦揭曉了2023年基礎物理學獎!所以2023考研

的同學們肯定要多多關注社會熱點話題，拓展視野，豐富自己的文化

背景學問，這樣才能取得事半功倍的效果！

文章講到的是關于和諾貝爾獎一樣的獎金豐厚的獎項消失，這些

獎項就是由一些網(wǎng)絡的公司或者是一些新貴們他們得出這樣大量的

錢，當然會遭出一些批判，這些獎項還是沒法和諾貝爾獎相比的，階

級是沒法轉(zhuǎn)變的，名望是沒法購買的。當然這一系列的東西，在前三

段當中談到之后，到了最終一段，表明他的觀點，縱然這些對科學家

的嘉獎在獎項上存在著一些瑕疵，存在著一些不合理的地方。但是對

于科學家來說，有人給你錢支持你的討論，終歸是好的。也就是說從

31到35題基本上沒有難題，也沒有可以去爭議的，也是既所得的文

早遼。

31.TheFundamentalPhysicalPrizeisseenas

[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs7swealth.

[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrize.

[C]anexampleofbankersJinvestment.

[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.

答案：A為細節(jié)題。依據(jù)題干中的FundamentalPhysicsPrize

可以定位到第一段，但除此之外就沒有其他細節(jié)提示信息了，所以我

們只能依據(jù)幾個選項去定位，分別依據(jù)選項中的entrepreneurs>

NobelPrize、investment、reward去定位，在第一段末句找到了與

千里之行，始于足下。

A選項相全都的句子，則判定A選項正確。

32.Thephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobably

means

[A]theprofit-orientedscientists.

[B]thefoundersofthenewaward.

[C]theachievement-basedsystem.

[D]peer-review-ledresearch.

答案：B為細節(jié)題。依據(jù)題干中的critics定位到第三段，可知

其次段沒有出題，從第三段其次句可以得出本道題的正確選項，who

havemadetheircareersinresearch即為B選項中的Thefounderso

33.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

[A]controversiesovertherecipients,status.

[B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers.

[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprize.

[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.

答案：D為細節(jié)題。本道題假如從題干中看更像是例證題，但

題目中說道thecaseinvolves即問例子本身，所以為一道細節(jié)題。

我們在第四段倒數(shù)第三句中找到了Higgsboson,定位到本句可以得

矢口natureofmodernresearch---aswellasdemonstratedby....

第8頁/共17頁

即為本道題正確答案。

34.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneone

feel

[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.

[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.

[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.

[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.

答案：A為推斷題。此類題型是考試中的一個難點，在題干中

提示信息特別少，所以我們需要依據(jù)每個選項分別定位。A選項的

durance定位到本段最終一句time。B選項依據(jù)legitimacy定位到

第一句。C選項沒有提到。D選項從最終一段可以驗證的確是收到了

質(zhì)疑，B選項和原文不符，可以得知答案為A。

35.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobably

agree?

[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.

[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.

[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.

[D]unworthyofpublicattention.

答案：A為主旨題。本題屬于觀點，出在最終一段則說明更多

千里之行，始于足下。

體現(xiàn)了文章的主旨，由于還有一個段落對應，則我們可以在最終一段

找答案，依據(jù)題干中的award我們可以得知全文的最終一句明確體現(xiàn)

了的觀點，故選A。

考研閱讀理解英語一真題3

Text3

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegaineda

deeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,from

asteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.Youmight

evenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefutureto

lookforwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshows

thatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears-sowhy

shouldntwe?Takeabroaderlookatourspeciesplaceinthe

universe,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchance

ofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears

(see100,000AD:Livinginthedeepfuture).LookupHomo

sapiensintheIUCNSRedListofthreatenedspecies,andyou

willread:ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidely

distributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andthereareno

majorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberof

researchersandorganisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyabout

thatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundation,basedin

SanFrancisco,hascreatedaforumwherethinkersand

scientistsareinvitedtoprojecttheimplicationsoftheir

ideasoververylongtimescales.Itsflagshipprojectisa

第10頁/共17頁

mechanicalclock,burieddeepinsideamountaininTexas,that

isdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.

Thentherearescientistswhoaregivingserious

considerationtotheideathatweshouldrecogniseanew

geologicalera:theAnthropocene.They,too,arepullingthe

camerarightbackandaskingwhathumanitysimpactwillbeon

theplanet-inthecontextofstratigraphictime.

Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuch

lengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.The

potentialevolutionoftodaystechnology,anditssocial

consequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,anditsperhapsbest

lefttoscience-fictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplore

themanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.Thatsonereasonwhy

wehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenear

future.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthat

wecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepast

holdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughof

thelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,and

ourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthe

situationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofour

prospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,the

futureisnotallrosy:whileourspeciesmayflourish,agreat

manyindividualsmaynot.Butwearenowknowledgeableenough

tomitigatemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceof

earlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.

千里之行，始于足下。

Thinkingaboutourplaceindeeptimeisagoodwaytofocus

onthechallengesthatconfrontustoday,andtomakeafuture

worthlivingin.

31.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby

[A]ourdesireforaresoffulfillment

[B]ourfaithinscienceandteched

[C]ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

[D]ourbdiefinequalopportunity

32.TheIUCN"RodList"suggestthathumanbeingson

[A]asustainedspecies

[B]theword'sdeminantpower

[C]athreattotheenvironment

[D]amisplacedrace

33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph

5?

[A]Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.

[B]Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.

第12頁/共17頁

Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.

[D]OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.

34.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto

[A]exploreourplanet'sabundantresources.

[B]adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld.

[C]drawonourexperiencefromthepast.

[D]curbourambitiontoreshapehistory.

35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthe

text?

[A]UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

[B]EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

[C]TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind.

[D]Science,TechnologyandHumanity.

考研閱讀理解英語一真題4

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyou

gotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional"paid"

千里之行，始于足下。

media-suchastelevisioncommercialsandprint

advertisements-stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycan

exploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionate

aboutaproductmaycreate“owned“mediabysendinge-mail

alertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwith

itsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrange

offactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromoting

theirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactas

theinitiatorforusers'responses.Butinsomecases,one

marketerJsownedmediabecomeanothermarketer'spaidmedia

-forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspace

onitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhose

trafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheir

contentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.This

trend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectively

beganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesand

hotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.JohnsonJohnson,for

example,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediaproperty

thatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.

Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofothermarketers

makesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunities

tolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofother

companies'marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficfor

allcompaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovided

marketerswithmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoices

havealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswill

voicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmore

第14頁/共17頁

damagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearned

media：anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,

otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegations

aboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,for

instance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapply

pressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtryto

persuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputation

ofthetargetcompanyatrisk.