人教版高一上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)(必修一)《Unit 4 Natural Disasters》單元測(cè)試卷及答案

第第頁(yè)試卷第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages33頁(yè)人教版高一上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)(必修一)《Unit4NaturalDisasters》單元測(cè)試卷及答案學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：___________詞匯1.rescuen.&vt.營(yíng)救；救援2.damagevt.損害；破壞n.損壞；損失3.destroyvt.摧毀；毀滅4.sheltern.避難處；居所；庇護(hù)vt.保護(hù)；掩蔽vi.躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn))5.trapvt.使落入險(xiǎn)境；使陷入圈套n.險(xiǎn)境；陷阱6.buryvt.埋葬；安葬7.supplyn.供應(yīng)(量)；補(bǔ)給；[pl.]補(bǔ)給品vt.供應(yīng)；供給8.strikevi.&vt.侵襲；突擊；擊打n.罷工；罷課；襲擊9.ruinn.&vt.破壞；毀壞10.revivevt.&vi.復(fù)活；(使)蘇醒11.floodn.洪水；大量vi.淹沒(méi)；大量涌入vt.使灌滿水；淹沒(méi)12.effortn.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力13.emergencyn.突發(fā)事件；緊急情況14.shockn.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚→shockingadj.令人震驚的；駭人的→shockedadj.(感到)震驚的15.electricityn.電；電能→electricaladj.電的；與電有關(guān)的→electricadj.用電的；電動(dòng)的；帶電的16.breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn.呼吸；氣息→breathlessadj.氣喘吁吁的；喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)的17.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→sufferingn.痛苦；受難→sufferern.受難者；患病者18.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā)；(巖漿、煙等)噴出→eruptionn.爆發(fā)；噴發(fā)19.powern.電力供應(yīng)；能量；力量；控制力→powerfuladj.強(qiáng)有力的；強(qiáng)大的→powerfullyadv.強(qiáng)烈地；有效地20.delivervt.&vi.遞送；傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表→deliveryn.傳遞；交付；遞送21.effectn.影響；結(jié)果；效果→affectvt.影響；疾病侵襲；深深打動(dòng)→effectiveadj.有效的；生效的22.lengthn.長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)度→lengthenv.加長(zhǎng)；延長(zhǎng)→longadj.長(zhǎng)的；冗長(zhǎng)的23.survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難度過(guò)→survivaln.生存；幸存；幸存事物→survivorn.生還者；幸存者24.disastern.災(zāi)難；災(zāi)害25.tornadon.龍卷風(fēng)；旋風(fēng)26.droughtn.旱災(zāi)；久旱27.landsliden.(山地或懸崖的)崩塌；滑坡28.slidevi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑動(dòng)29.tsunamin.海嘯30.magnituden.(地)震級(jí)；重大31.evacuatevt.疏散；撤出vi.撤離32.helicoptern.直升機(jī)33.deathn.死；死亡34.crackn.裂紋；裂縫vi.&vt.(使)破裂35.percentn.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中36.brickn.磚；磚塊37.metaln.金屬38.kitn.成套工具；成套設(shè)備39revivaln.振興；復(fù)蘇40.unifyvi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；(使)成一體41.wisdomn.智慧；才智42.contextn.上下文；語(yǔ)境；背景43.typhoonn.臺(tái)風(fēng)44.hurricanen.(尤指西大西洋的)颶風(fēng)45.tapvi.&vt.輕叩；輕敲；輕拍n.水龍頭；輕叩；輕敲46.pipen.管子；管道47.whistlevi.吹口哨；發(fā)出笛聲vt.吹口哨n.哨子(聲)；呼嘯聲48.calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的vt.使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)靜49.aidn.援助；幫助；救援物資vi.&vt.幫助；援助50.crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞擊n.撞車；碰撞51.sweepvt.&vi.打掃；清掃52.waven.海浪；波浪vi.&vt.揮手；招手53.summaryn.總結(jié)；概括；概要短語(yǔ)1.asif似乎；好像；仿佛2.inruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪3.inshock震驚；吃驚4.be/becomeahometo是/成為……的家園5.sweepaway消滅；徹底消除6.cometoanend結(jié)束7.getbackuponone'sfeet重新站起來(lái)；東山再起8.intheopenair露天；在戶外9.onhand現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)10.putup提供；提出；建造；舉起；提高；張貼句式1.主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.＋不定式①Theproblemlooksrathereasy,butinfactitisveryhardtodealwith.②Thisproblemisnoteasytofigure(figure)out.在一年的四個(gè)季節(jié)中，夏天是我最喜歡的季節(jié)。早晨的空氣呼吸起來(lái)棒極了。③Amongthefourseasonsinayear,summerismyfavourite.Themorningairisgoodtobreathe.雖然李萍不健談，但與她相處不難。④WhileLiPingisnotatalkativegirl,sheisnotdifficulttogetalongwith.2.too...to...這個(gè)小男孩太小了而不能舉起這個(gè)沉重的石頭。Thelittleboyistooyoungtoraisetheheavystone.3.itseemedasif...好像他已經(jīng)知道了剛才所發(fā)生的一切。Itseemedasifhehadknownaboutwhathappenedjustnow.4.makeitdifficulttodo...它們不僅使人們?cè)谕砩虾茈y睡覺(jué)，而且還損害著我們具有歷史價(jià)值的房子和商店。Theynotonlymakeitdifficultforpeopletosleepatnight,buttheyaredoingdamagetoourhousesandshopsofhistoricalinterest.教材話題題型綜合訓(xùn)練詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（一）1．deathn.死;死亡→adj.死的→adj.致命的→v.死亡2．a(chǎn)ffectvt.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動(dòng)→n.效果;影響→adj.有效的→n.喜歡;喜愛(ài);感情3．shockn.震驚;令人震驚的事;休克vt.(使)震驚→adj.令人震驚的→adj.感到震驚的4．electricityn.電;電能→adj.電的;用電的→adj.電子的5．breathevi.&vt.呼吸→n.呼吸→adj.氣喘吁吁的6．wisdomn.智慧;才智→adj.明智的→adj.不明智的7．suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→n.受難;苦楚8．eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā);(巖漿、煙等)噴出→n.噴發(fā)9．survivevi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艱難度過(guò)→n.幸存;生還→n.幸存者;生還者10．emergencyn.突發(fā)事件;緊急情況→adj.緊急的→vi.浮現(xiàn);出現(xiàn)11．delivervt.&vi.遞送;傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表→n.投遞;送交12．lengthn.長(zhǎng);長(zhǎng)度→adj.長(zhǎng)的→v.(使)變長(zhǎng)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（二）13．diev.死亡→adj.無(wú)生命的→adj.致命的adv.極度地→n.死;死亡14．shockn.震驚;令人震驚的事;休克vt.(使)震驚→adj.令人震驚的→adj.感到震驚的15．breathn.呼吸→adj.氣喘吁吁的;屏息的→vi.&vt.呼吸16．revivevt.&vi.復(fù)活;(使)蘇醒→n.振興;復(fù)蘇17．suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→n.折磨;苦難→n.患難者;患病者18．eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā);(巖漿、煙等)噴出;突然發(fā)生→n.火山爆發(fā);(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等)爆發(fā)19．survivevi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艱難度過(guò)→n.幸存者;生還者→n.幸存20．powern.電力供應(yīng);能量;力量;控制力→adj.強(qiáng)大的;有力的→adj.無(wú)力的;沒(méi)有能力的21．emergevi.浮現(xiàn);出現(xiàn)→adj.緊急的→n.突發(fā)事件;緊急情況22．delivervt.&vi.遞送;傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表→n.投遞;送交23．effectn.影響;結(jié)果;效果→adj.有效果的24．longadj.長(zhǎng)的→n.長(zhǎng);長(zhǎng)度→v.(使)變長(zhǎng)完成句子25．Istaredathim（震驚）andafaintsoundofsurpriseescapedmythroat.26．It+be+adj.+that...MillionsoftouriststraveltoUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteseveryyear,(因此這些遺產(chǎn)地日漸磨損是很自然的).27．Mymotherwassoproudofall(我所做的)thatsherewardedmewithatriptoBeijing.(do)28．Twoyearsago,IwastoldIhadaseriousdisease(難以治愈的).29．Thegirllistenedsoattentively(仿佛)shehadbeenturnedintostone.30．Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthe(不懈的努力)ofthecity’speople,thenewcityhasbecomeahometomorethansevenmillionpeople.31．Manypeople(遭受)stomachachenowadays.32．Suddenly,alargewave(徹底消除)halfthesandcastle,whichmadethelittlegirlcryloudly.33．Aftertheearthquake,thecitywas(嚴(yán)重受損),withbuildingscollapsedandstreetsdestroyed.34．Itoldmyselfthat(我得從這些負(fù)面情緒中走出來(lái))andthatIhadtowinWimbledon,whichhadalwaysbeenthemaingoalofmywholelife.閱讀理解Itiswell-knownthatearthquakeisoneofthemostseriousnaturaldisasters.Becauseofitssuddennature,thetraditionalearthquakepredictionmethodisoftendifficulttopredictitaccurately,andhasalwaysbeenadifficultprobleminthefieldofearthscience.Recently,artificialintelligenceisshowingpromiseinearthquakeprediction,challengingthelong-heldbeliefthatitisimpossible.ResearchersattheUniversityofTexas,Austin,havedevelopedanAIalgorithm(算法)thatcorrectlypredicted70%ofearthquakesaweekinadvanceduringatrialinChinaandprovidedaccuratestrengthcalculations(強(qiáng)度計(jì)算)forthepredictedearthquakes.Theresearchteambelievestheirmethodsucceededbecausetheyusedarelativelysimplemachinelearningapproach.TheAIwasprovidedwithasetofstatisticalfeaturesbasedontheteam’sknowledgeofearthquakephysics(地震物理學(xué)),andtheninstructedtotrainitselfusingafive-yeardatabaseofearthquakerecordings.Oncetrained,theAlprovideditspredictionbylisteningforsignsofincomingearthquakeswithinthebackgroundsoundsintheEarth.ThisworkisclearlyamilestoneinresearchforAI-drivenearthquakeprediction.“Youdon’tseeearthquakescoming,”explainsAlexandrosSavvaidis,aseniorresearchscientistwholeadstheTexasSeismologicalNetworkProgram(TexNet).“It’samatterofmilliseconds,andtheonlythingyoucancontrolishowpreparedyouare.Evenwiththe70%accuracy,that’sahugeresultandcouldhelpminimizeeconomicandhumanlossesandpossiblyimproveearthquakepreparationworldwide.”Whileitisunknownwhetherthesameapproachwillworkatotherlocations,theresearchersareconfidentthattheirAIalgorithmcouldproducemoreaccuratepredictionsifusedinareaswithreliableearthquaketrackingnetworks.ThenextstepistotestartificialintelligenceinTexas,sinceUT’sBureauTexNethaslocationsandoversixyearsworthofcontinuousrecords,makingitanideallocationin300earthquakesforthesepurposes.Eventually,theauthorshopetocombinethesystemwithphysics-basedmodels.Thisstrategycouldproveespeciallyimportantwheredataispoororlacking.“Thatmaybealongwayoff,butmanyadvancessuchasthisone,arewhatmovesscienceforward,”saysScottTinker,thebureau’sdirector.35．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．AIcanpredictearthquakesaccurately.B．AIisprovidedwithaccuratestrengthcalculations.C．AIcanpreventthepotentialearthquakesfromcoming.D．AIforecastsearthquakesbyanalyzingbackgroundsounds.36．WhatmakesTexasabetterplacetodothefollow-uptests?A．Buildingmanyearthquakestations. B．Overtenyearsofcontinuousrecords.C．Reliableearthquaketracingnetworks. D．Researcher’sconfidenceinthetechnology.37．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheAIalgorithm?A．Indifferent. B．Supportive. C．Disapproving. D．Doubtful.38．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．AIhelpsreducepossibleearthquakesby70%.B．AIpredictsearthquakeswithacertainaccuracy.C．AIalgorithmimprovesearthquakepreparationworldwide.D．AIalgorithmproducesaccuratepredictionsaboutearthquakes.七選五Naturaldisasterscancausepeople’sfearsatanyage.39,butyoudohavelotsofinfluenceonhowyourchildrenmayfacethepossibledisasters.Let’sseehowtotalktoyourchildrenaboutnaturaldisasterscorrectly.●BehonestWhenthereisinformationaboutnaturaldisasters,trynottohideit.40.Theymaywanttoknowmoreaboutwherethenaturaldisasterisandthepaththatitison.Giveproperexplanationsorevencheckbooksoutfromthelibrary.●41Askyourchildrenwhattheyarenervousaboutsothatyoucansolvetheirconcerns.Dealwithanyoftheirfears,bigorsmall,andprovidesomekindofcomfort.Whetherthesedisastersarehappeningfarawayorclosetohome,theyneedtoknowthatyouwillkeepthemsafe.●MakeaplanforyourfamilyThereisnoplaceonEarththatisfreefrompossiblysufferingsometypeofnaturaldisaster.Allfamiliesshouldhaveadisasterplanandemergencysuppliesathome.Createafamilysafetyplan,andshareitwithyourchildren.42.●Talkaboutthehelpers43.Theideathatfirefighters,paramedics(護(hù)理人員),andotherdisasterserviceworkerswillbetheretohelpincaseofanemergencyhelpschildrentakeawaysomeoftheanxiety.A．AnswerquestionsB．Takeawayyourchildren’sfearsC．ItiscompletelynaturaltobeafraidD．TheyjusthavetowaitwithnothingtodoE．ItcanpreparethemforwhattodoifadisasterhappensF．Instead,offeringdetailedinformationandexplanationcanhelpcalmyourchildrenG．Teachyourchildrenaboutthedifferenttypesofhelpersthatshowupinadisaster完形填空Throughouthistory,manyliveshavebeenlostatthehandsofsevereweather.Meteorologists(氣象學(xué)家)andscientistsalikearealwaysinvestigatingnewwaystoincreasethewarningtimeforstorms,withthehopeofreducingthe44oflives.Inthepastfewdecades,localweatherradaradvancementshavebeenmade,whichallowforbetteraccuracyin45thepathsofstorms.MeteorologistsandscientistshavebeenabletosuccessfullytrackseverethunderstormsandpossibletornadoesbyusinganadvancedtrackingsystemcalledNEXRAD(Next-GenerationRadar).NEXRADisatrackingnetwork46158Dopplerweatherradars.Andduringastormthishigh-resolutioncomputerized47takesreadingsontheamountofprecipitation(降水)intheair,themovementsintheclouds,andthewindspeeds.These48arebouncedbacktoalocalweathercomputer,andacolorfulimageappearsonthescreen,givingmeteorologistsaclearpictureofwhatkindofweatherisonthehorizon.Thisfinalimageiswhatyouseewhenthemeteorologistbreaksinwithsevereweatherreportsandwarnings.49,onyourtelevisionscreenyouwillseeacomputeranimatedimageoftheapproachingstorm.Ifthestormissevereenough,thentheNationalWeatherService(NWS)will50severeweatherreportsofseverethunderstormwarningsforyourarea.51,thestormcapturedontheradarwillhaveproducedstrongreadablewinds,detectablelightning,andsomehail(冰雹).Payingattentiontotheweathermapis52whensevereweatherisaround.Onthetelevisionscreenyouwillseeseveralcolorsontheprecipitationmap,53fromblue(thelightest)toblack(theheaviest).Ifthecolorsforyour54areaareyellow,takecaution.Ifthecolorsrangebetweenorangeandred,takecoverimmediately,asdamagingwindsanddangerouslightninghavebeenreported.WhenlocalweatherradarinAtlanta,Georgiareportedhighwinds,circularwindpatternsandlargehailearlierthisyear,theNationalWeatherServiceissuedatornado55.Meteorologistsintheareausedthecollecteddatatopredictwhatpaththestormwouldtake,56whichareasneededtobewarned.Thankstothistechnology,mostresidentsreceivedthesevereweatherreportsearlyenoughtoseek57beforethestormhit.Payingattentiontoyour58weathersourceduringsevereweatherplaysavitalroleinyoursafety.44．A．loss B．increase C．protection D．value45．A．changing B．controlling C．predicting D．guiding46．A．facedwith B．exposedto C．involvedin D．madeupof47．A．structure B．system C．mode D．style48．A．figures B．data C．readings D．statistics49．A．Mostlikely B．Mostevidently C．Mostinterestingly D．Mostimportantly50．A．decide B．estimate C．handle D．issue51．A．Bytheway B．Inthatcase C．Tosomeextent D．Onthecontrary52．A．vital B．reasonable C．normal D．a(chǎn)vailable53．A．expanding B．spreading C．ranging D．extending54．A．proper B．specific C．typical D．regular55．A．process

B．threat C．warning D．sign56．A．indicating B．recognizing C．covering D．recommending57．A．rescue B．residence C．support D．shelter58．A．local B．international C．nationwide D．neighborhood單句語(yǔ)法填空59．Nowadays,consumersprefertoshoponlineandhavetheirgoods(deliver)totheirdoor.60．(deliver)thepackagetothecustomer,thedeliverymanstoppedtohavelunch.61．Allwehavetodoforourstudentsis(aid)theminlearningEnglishwithacomparativemethod.62．OtherlittleNewYearactivitiesincludecleaningthehouses（sweep）awaybadluckandhangingspringcouplestobringwealth.63．Finally,drugusersfindthemselves(trap)inaprisonformwhichtheycan’tescape.64．Withherface(bury)inherhands,thehopelessmothercouldn’thelpcryingatthesceneofherinjuredson.65．WhenIarrivedthere,I(strike)bythebeautyofthesnow-coveredrurallandscape.66．Theyhavebeenworkingtopreventtheenvironmentherefrom(destroy).67．Iwasn’tsurewhetherthepostman(deliver)methepackageontime.68．TheearthquakeinTangshancausedgreatdamage,leavingthecityin(ruin).語(yǔ)法填空Thisstorytookplaceaboutsevenyearsago.Butimagesofthatweekarestillclearinmymind.Duringthatweek,wehadtofaceuptoa69(power)hurricane.ThefactthatIwasstilloutseemedtoincrease70(it)force.AndIcouldhearthenoiseofthewindblowingonthewindows,71wereshaking.Outside,everythingwasflyingormoving.Infact,thehurricanedidnotcrosstheislandonlyonce,butthreetimes,72(cause)moreandmoredamageateachcrossing.Duringtheentireweekfollowingthatevent,wewereunable73(go)outofthehouse.All74(road)werecutoff,andwedidnothaverunningwater.Underthoseconditions,75hardestpartwashavingnocontact76therestofmyfamilylivingaroundtheisland.Thefearoflosingmyclosefriendsandrelativeswas77(extreme)hardtostand.Westayedlikethatforoneunpleasantweekbeforeeverything78(fix).Forme,thosesevendayswerearealnightmare.應(yīng)用文寫作假定你是李華，上周你參加了學(xué)校組織的消防安全演習(xí)，請(qǐng)你在校英文論壇發(fā)表一篇帖子，分享此次經(jīng)歷，內(nèi)容包括：1．活動(dòng)過(guò)程；2．個(gè)人感悟。注意：1．詞數(shù)80左右；2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：消防安全演習(xí)firesafetydrill___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案詞匯1.rescuen.&vt.營(yíng)救；救援2.damagevt.損害；破壞n.損壞；損失3.destroyvt.摧毀；毀滅4.sheltern.避難處；居所；庇護(hù)vt.保護(hù)；掩蔽vi.躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn))5.trapvt.使落入險(xiǎn)境；使陷入圈套n.險(xiǎn)境；陷阱6.buryvt.埋葬；安葬7.supplyn.供應(yīng)(量)；補(bǔ)給；[pl.]補(bǔ)給品vt.供應(yīng)；供給8.strikevi.&vt.侵襲；突擊；擊打n.罷工；罷課；襲擊9.ruinn.&vt.破壞；毀壞10.revivevt.&vi.復(fù)活；(使)蘇醒11.floodn.洪水；大量vi.淹沒(méi)；大量涌入vt.使灌滿水；淹沒(méi)12.effortn.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力13.emergencyn.突發(fā)事件；緊急情況14.shockn.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚→shockingadj.令人震驚的；駭人的→shockedadj.(感到)震驚的15.electricityn.電；電能→electricaladj.電的；與電有關(guān)的→electricadj.用電的；電動(dòng)的；帶電的16.breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn.呼吸；氣息→breathlessadj.氣喘吁吁的；喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)的17.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→sufferingn.痛苦；受難→sufferern.受難者；患病者18.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā)；(巖漿、煙等)噴出→eruptionn.爆發(fā)；噴發(fā)19.powern.電力供應(yīng)；能量；力量；控制力→powerfuladj.強(qiáng)有力的；強(qiáng)大的→powerfullyadv.強(qiáng)烈地；有效地20.delivervt.&vi.遞送；傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表→deliveryn.傳遞；交付；遞送21.effectn.影響；結(jié)果；效果→affectvt.影響；疾病侵襲；深深打動(dòng)→effectiveadj.有效的；生效的22.lengthn.長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)度→lengthenv.加長(zhǎng)；延長(zhǎng)→longadj.長(zhǎng)的；冗長(zhǎng)的23.survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難度過(guò)→survivaln.生存；幸存；幸存事物→survivorn.生還者；幸存者24.disastern.災(zāi)難；災(zāi)害25.tornadon.龍卷風(fēng)；旋風(fēng)26.droughtn.旱災(zāi)；久旱27.landsliden.(山地或懸崖的)崩塌；滑坡28.slidevi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑動(dòng)29.tsunamin.海嘯30.magnituden.(地)震級(jí)；重大31.evacuatevt.疏散；撤出vi.撤離32.helicoptern.直升機(jī)33.deathn.死；死亡34.crackn.裂紋；裂縫vi.&vt.(使)破裂35.percentn.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中36.brickn.磚；磚塊37.metaln.金屬38.kitn.成套工具；成套設(shè)備39revivaln.振興；復(fù)蘇40.unifyvi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；(使)成一體41.wisdomn.智慧；才智42.contextn.上下文；語(yǔ)境；背景43.typhoonn.臺(tái)風(fēng)44.hurricanen.(尤指西大西洋的)颶風(fēng)45.tapvi.&vt.輕叩；輕敲；輕拍n.水龍頭；輕叩；輕敲46.pipen.管子；管道47.whistlevi.吹口哨；發(fā)出笛聲vt.吹口哨n.哨子(聲)；呼嘯聲48.calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的vt.使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)靜49.aidn.援助；幫助；救援物資vi.&vt.幫助；援助50.crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞擊n.撞車；碰撞51.sweepvt.&vi.打掃；清掃52.waven.海浪；波浪vi.&vt.揮手；招手53.summaryn.總結(jié)；概括；概要短語(yǔ)1.asif似乎；好像；仿佛2.inruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪3.inshock震驚；吃驚4.be/becomeahometo是/成為……的家園5.sweepaway消滅；徹底消除6.cometoanend結(jié)束7.getbackuponone'sfeet重新站起來(lái)；東山再起8.intheopenair露天；在戶外9.onhand現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)10.putup提供；提出；建造；舉起；提高；張貼句式1.主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.＋不定式①Theproblemlooksrathereasy,butinfactitisveryhardtodealwith.②Thisproblemisnoteasytofigure(figure)out.在一年的四個(gè)季節(jié)中，夏天是我最喜歡的季節(jié)。早晨的空氣呼吸起來(lái)棒極了。③Amongthefourseasonsinayear,summerismyfavourite.Themorningairisgoodtobreathe.雖然李萍不健談，但與她相處不難。④WhileLiPingisnotatalkativegirl,sheisnotdifficulttogetalongwith.2.too...to...這個(gè)小男孩太小了而不能舉起這個(gè)沉重的石頭。Thelittleboyistooyoungtoraisetheheavystone.3.itseemedasif...好像他已經(jīng)知道了剛才所發(fā)生的一切。Itseemedasifhehadknownaboutwhathappenedjustnow.4.makeitdifficulttodo...它們不僅使人們?cè)谕砩虾茈y睡覺(jué)，而且還損害著我們具有歷史價(jià)值的房子和商店。Theynotonlymakeitdifficultforpeopletosleepatnight,buttheyaredoingdamagetoourhousesandshopsofhistoricalinterest.教材話題題型綜合訓(xùn)練詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（一）1．deathn.死;死亡→adj.死的→adj.致命的→v.死亡2．a(chǎn)ffectvt.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動(dòng)→n.效果;影響→adj.有效的→n.喜歡;喜愛(ài);感情3．shockn.震驚;令人震驚的事;休克vt.(使)震驚→adj.令人震驚的→adj.感到震驚的4．electricityn.電;電能→adj.電的;用電的→adj.電子的5．breathevi.&vt.呼吸→n.呼吸→adj.氣喘吁吁的6．wisdomn.智慧;才智→adj.明智的→adj.不明智的7．suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→n.受難;苦楚8．eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā);(巖漿、煙等)噴出→n.噴發(fā)9．survivevi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艱難度過(guò)→n.幸存;生還→n.幸存者;生還者10．emergencyn.突發(fā)事件;緊急情況→adj.緊急的→vi.浮現(xiàn);出現(xiàn)11．delivervt.&vi.遞送;傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表→n.投遞;送交12．lengthn.長(zhǎng);長(zhǎng)度→adj.長(zhǎng)的→v.(使)變長(zhǎng)【答案】1．deaddeadlydie2．effecteffectiveaffection3．shockingshocked4．electricelectronic5．breathbreathless6．wiseunwise7．suffering8．eruption9．survivalsurvivor10．emergentemerge11．delivery12．longlengthen詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（二）13．diev.死亡→adj.無(wú)生命的→adj.致命的adv.極度地→n.死;死亡14．shockn.震驚;令人震驚的事;休克vt.(使)震驚→adj.令人震驚的→adj.感到震驚的15．breathn.呼吸→adj.氣喘吁吁的;屏息的→vi.&vt.呼吸16．revivevt.&vi.復(fù)活;(使)蘇醒→n.振興;復(fù)蘇17．suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→n.折磨;苦難→n.患難者;患病者18．eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā);(巖漿、煙等)噴出;突然發(fā)生→n.火山爆發(fā);(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等)爆發(fā)19．survivevi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艱難度過(guò)→n.幸存者;生還者→n.幸存20．powern.電力供應(yīng);能量;力量;控制力→adj.強(qiáng)大的;有力的→adj.無(wú)力的;沒(méi)有能力的21．emergevi.浮現(xiàn);出現(xiàn)→adj.緊急的→n.突發(fā)事件;緊急情況22．delivervt.&vi.遞送;傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表→n.投遞;送交23．effectn.影響;結(jié)果;效果→adj.有效果的24．longadj.長(zhǎng)的→n.長(zhǎng);長(zhǎng)度→v.(使)變長(zhǎng)【答案】13．deaddeadlydeath14．shockingshocked15．breathlessbreathe16．revival17．sufferingsufferer18．eruption19．survivorsurvival20．powerfulpowerless21．emergentemergency22．delivery23．effective24．lengthlengthen完成句子25．Istaredathim（震驚）andafaintsoundofsurpriseescapedmythroat.【答案】inshock【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：我震驚地盯著他，喉嚨里發(fā)出微弱的驚訝聲。beinshock為固定短語(yǔ)，表示“震驚”，故填inshock。26．It+be+adj.+that...MillionsoftouriststraveltoUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteseveryyear,(因此這些遺產(chǎn)地日漸磨損是很自然的).【答案】soitisonlynaturalthatthesitessufferabitofwearandtear【詳解】考查連詞和短語(yǔ)。句意：每年都有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的游客前往聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺址，因此這些遺址遭受一些磨損是很自然的。此處表示因果關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞so；表示“……很自然”應(yīng)用句型itbeadj.that…，it作形式主語(yǔ)，用形容詞natural；從句主語(yǔ)為thesites；表示“日漸磨損”翻譯為sufferabitofwearandtear，根據(jù)上文everyyear可知為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填soitisonlynaturalthatthesitessufferabitofwearandtear。27．Mymotherwassoproudofall(我所做的)thatsherewardedmewithatriptoBeijing.(do)【答案】thatIhaddone/Ihaddone【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我媽媽為我所做的一切感到驕傲，她獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)我去北京旅行。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“我所做的”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞all，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，修飾不定代詞all要用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)且that可省略，結(jié)合句意，我做的事情發(fā)生在母親自豪之前，過(guò)去的過(guò)去，所以此處句中使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)I與do之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)為(that)Ihaddone。故填(that)Ihaddone。28．Twoyearsago,IwastoldIhadaseriousdisease(難以治愈的).【答案】(which/thatwas)difficult/hardtocure【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句或形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。句意：兩年前，我被告知我得了一種很難治愈的嚴(yán)重疾病。“難”應(yīng)用形容詞difficult/hard，“治愈”為動(dòng)詞cure，sth.be+形容詞+todo固定句型，意為“做某事是……”，所以此處可以用定語(yǔ)從句，修飾disease，指物，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，可以用which/that引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且句子描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，which代指disease，為單數(shù)意義，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用was。也可以用形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，即difficult/hardtocure，故填(which/thatwas)difficult/hardtocure。29．Thegirllistenedsoattentively(仿佛)shehadbeenturnedintostone.【答案】asif/though【詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：這個(gè)女孩聽(tīng)得如此專注，好像她已經(jīng)變成了石頭。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合漢語(yǔ)提示，這里應(yīng)用asif/though引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。故填as；if/though。30．Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthe(不懈的努力)ofthecity’speople,thenewcityhasbecomeahometomorethansevenmillionpeople.【答案】tirelessefforts【詳解】考查形容詞和名詞。句意：在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力下，這座新城已經(jīng)成為700多萬(wàn)人的家園?！安恍傅摹笨捎眯稳菰~tireless表示，作定語(yǔ)；“努力”可用名詞effort表示，根據(jù)后面的ofthecity’speople可知，這里指市民們的努力，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填tireless；efforts。31．Manypeople(遭受)stomachachenowadays.【答案】sufferfrom【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：現(xiàn)在許多人胃痛。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，所設(shè)空處意為“遭受”，使用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)sufferfrom，由nowadays可知，句子陳述目前事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)manypeople為復(fù)數(shù)意義。故填sufferfrom。32．Suddenly,alargewave(徹底消除)halfthesandcastle,whichmadethelittlegirlcryloudly.【答案】sweptaway【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：突然，一個(gè)巨浪卷走了半個(gè)沙堡，把小女孩嚇得大哭起來(lái)。表示“徹底消除”可用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)sweepaway，根據(jù)句意及后文made可知，此處描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。故填sweptaway。33．Aftertheearthquake,thecitywas(嚴(yán)重受損),withbuildingscollapsedandstreetsdestroyed.【答案】inruins【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：地震后，這座城市成了廢墟，建筑物倒塌，街道被毀。根據(jù)句意和中文提示可知，表示“嚴(yán)重受損”應(yīng)用inruins，為介詞短語(yǔ)，在本句中作表語(yǔ)。故填inruins。34．Itoldmyselfthat(我得從這些負(fù)面情緒中走出來(lái))andthatIhadtowinWimbledon,whichhadalwaysbeenthemaingoalofmywholelife.【答案】Ihadtosurvive/overcome/getoverthesenegativefeelings【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、形容詞和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我告訴自己，我必須戰(zhàn)勝這些負(fù)面情緒，我必須贏得溫網(wǎng)，這一直是我一生的主要目標(biāo)?！拔业脧倪@些負(fù)面情緒中走出來(lái)”是that后賓語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)“我”用人稱代詞I，“得”用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞haveto表示，講述過(guò)去的事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)hadto，謂語(yǔ)“從……走出來(lái)”用動(dòng)詞survive、overcome或者動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)getover表示，賓語(yǔ)“負(fù)面情緒”用thesenegativefeelings表示。故填I(lǐng)hadtosurvive/overcome/getoverthesenegativefeelings閱讀理解Itiswell-knownthatearthquakeisoneofthemostseriousnaturaldisasters.Becauseofitssuddennature,thetraditionalearthquakepredictionmethodisoftendifficulttopredictitaccurately,andhasalwaysbeenadifficultprobleminthefieldofearthscience.Recently,artificialintelligenceisshowingpromiseinearthquakeprediction,challengingthelong-heldbeliefthatitisimpossible.ResearchersattheUniversityofTexas,Austin,havedevelopedanAIalgorithm(算法)thatcorrectlypredicted70%ofearthquakesaweekinadvanceduringatrialinChinaandprovidedaccuratestrengthcalculations(強(qiáng)度計(jì)算)forthepredictedearthquakes.Theresearchteambelievestheirmethodsucceededbecausetheyusedarelativelysimplemachinelearningapproach.TheAIwasprovidedwithasetofstatisticalfeaturesbasedontheteam’sknowledgeofearthquakephysics(地震物理學(xué)),andtheninstructedtotrainitselfusingafive-yeardatabaseofearthquakerecordings.Oncetrained,theAlprovideditspredictionbylisteningforsignsofincomingearthquakeswithinthebackgroundsoundsintheEarth.ThisworkisclearlyamilestoneinresearchforAI-drivenearthquakeprediction.“Youdon’tseeearthquakescoming,”explainsAlexandrosSavvaidis,aseniorresearchscientistwholeadstheTexasSeismologicalNetworkProgram(TexNet).“It’samatterofmilliseconds,andtheonlythingyoucancontrolishowpreparedyouare.Evenwiththe70%accuracy,that’sahugeresultandcouldhelpminimizeeconomicandhumanlossesandpossiblyimproveearthquakepreparationworldwide.”Whileitisunknownwhetherthesameapproachwillworkatotherlocations,theresearchersareconfidentthattheirAIalgorithmcouldproducemoreaccuratepredictionsifusedinareaswithreliableearthquaketrackingnetworks.ThenextstepistotestartificialintelligenceinTexas,sinceUT’sBureauTexNethaslocationsandoversixyearsworthofcontinuousrecords,makingitanideallocationin300earthquakesforthesepurposes.Eventually,theauthorshopetocombinethesystemwithphysics-basedmodels.Thisstrategycouldproveespeciallyimportantwheredataispoororlacking.“Thatmaybealongwayoff,butmanyadvancessuchasthisone,arewhatmovesscienceforward,”saysScottTinker,thebureau’sdirector.35．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．AIcanpredictearthquakesaccurately.B．AIisprovidedwithaccuratestrengthcalculations.C．AIcanpreventthepotentialearthquakesfromcoming.D．AIforecastsearthquakesbyanalyzingbackgroundsounds.36．WhatmakesTexasabetterplacetodothefollow-uptests?A．Buildingmanyearthquakestations. B．Overtenyearsofcontinuousrecords.C．Reliableearthquaketracingnetworks. D．