考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷289

考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷289

一、閱讀(常規(guī)閱讀理解)(本題共2。題，每題

分,共20分。)

Birth,growth,decline,death:itis(heusualcycleforpeople,companiesandindustries.

Butthestoryofviolin-makinginCremonainnorthernItaly,whichflourishedundersuch

mastercraftsmenasAndreaAinati,GiuseppeGuarneriandAntonioStradivarifromthe

mid-16lhcenturytotheearly18th,suggeststhat,forindustriesatleast,theremaybelife

afterdeath.Violin-makinginCremonastruggledthroughthe19thcenturyinthehandsof

afewcarpenterswhoturnedoutlow-qualityinstruments.Bythe1950sithaddiedout,

saysGioBattaMorassi,a73-year-oldmaestroliutaio(masterviolin-maker).Yettoday,in

workshopsoverlookingthecity'scobbledstreets,morethan100craftsmencutandplane

mapleandsprucetomakestringinstruments—morethaninanyotherEuropeancity.

Cremonaisonceagainthecapitalofhand-craftcdinstruments.Anewschooltotrain

craftsmenininstrument-makingopenedinCremonain1938,thoughwhenMr.Morassi

beganhisstudiesin1950therewerejustsixstudentsonthecourse,ofwhomonlyone

otherwentontomakeinstruments.Butthisslightrevivalwassustainedbyagrowing

interestinBaroquemusicinnorthernEuropeinthe1960sand1970s,saysHildegard

Dodei,aGermanwhostudieda((heschool.1(creatednewdemandforinstrumentsmade

inthetraditionalCremonesestyle.TodayItaliansareaminorityamongtheschool's150

students;30areSouthKorean.26areJapanese,sixarefromChinaandthreefrom

Taiwan.Somewillsetupshopinthecity:MsDodelworkedforabouttenyearsrestoring

andrepairinginstrumentsinGermanyandtheNetherlandsbeforereturningtoopenher

ownworkshopinCremonain2003.Instrument-makingisnotaneasylife."Ioften

thoughtofgivingup,"saysFrancescoToto,whomovedtoCremona17yearsagoand

specializesinmakingcellos.Woodisexpensive,mustbeseasonedproperlyandisatrisk

fromwoodworm;themapleforacellocostsaroundC1,500,forexample.Mr.Totowas

abletoraisehispricesafterwinningacompetition,buttomaintainqualityhemakesjust

fourinstrumentsayear.Violin-makerscanproduceperhapsseventop-quality

instrumentsayear.(CellosmadebyCremona'scraftsmentypicallycost。15,000-35,000,

andviolins。8,000-20,000.)Havingcomebackfromthedead,Cremona'sinstrument-

makers,likemanyothersinItalianindustries,hopethatanciriphasisonquality,tradition

andcraftsmanshipwillkeepcheaperforeignrivalsatbay.

1、Thestoryofviolin-makinginCremonaimpliestheindustry

A^mayundergorevivalafteraperiodofdeath.

B、flourishedbecauseofthemastercraftsmen.

C、mayfollowthesamelifecycleaspeopleandcompanies.

D、mayexperiencealongerlifethanotherindustries.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)storyofviolin-making定位到第一段。其中講到,,克

萊蒙娜的小提琴制作史告訴我們，死而復(fù)生也許真的存在”，故A項(xiàng)正確。

2、Fromthesecondparagraph,wecanlearnthatCremona

A、hasmoreinstrumentworkersthananyothercity.

hadmanycarpenterstomakeviolinsinthepast.

C、declinedbecauseofitscarpenters'poorhandcrafts.

D^oncewasthecapitalofhand-craftedinstruments.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位在第二段。該段末提到克萊蒙娜的弦樂(lè)器

制作數(shù)量超過(guò)歐洲任何一個(gè)城市，再一次成為了手工樂(lè)器之都，故D項(xiàng)“克萊蒙娜

曾經(jīng)為樂(lè)器制造之都”正確。

3、HildegardDodelbelievedthat

A、therevivalofinstrument-makingwasslightandsustainable.

B、Baroquemusicstimulatedtherevivaloftheinstrument-making.

C、peopleinEuropewerefondoftraditionalCrcmonesestyls.

D、Baroquemusicincreasedpeople'sinterestsinviolins.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干可以定位在第三段，其中講述都朵認(rèn)為“20世

紀(jì)60和70年代，北歐的人們乂重燃了對(duì)巴洛克音樂(lè)的興趣，這為傳統(tǒng)的克萊蒙娜

樂(lè)器制作又創(chuàng)造了新一波的需求”，故B項(xiàng)與之相符。

4、Whichof(hefollowingis(rueaccordingtothepassage?

A、Italiansarelesseducatedbutmoreskilledeventoday.

B、ManystudentsinthetrainingschoolcomefromEasterncountries.

C、kaliansarelessinterestedintrainingcoursestraditionally.

D、TraditionalCremonesestyleisnotpopulartoday.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查是非細(xì)節(jié)。主要定位在第四段，其中講述該校意大

利人占少數(shù)；其中有30名韓國(guó)人，26名日本人，6名來(lái)自中國(guó)大陸，3名來(lái)自臺(tái)

灣，故B項(xiàng)”學(xué)校中有很多學(xué)生來(lái)自東方國(guó)家”與之相符。

5、ManyItalianindustriestoday

A^haveconicbackfromthedead.

B、areatriskbecauseofthecheapforeignrivals.

C、stillfocusonquality,traditionandcraftsmanship.

D、wanttogiveupthedifficultinstrument-making.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。最后一段說(shuō)明“像意大利其他的行業(yè)一樣，克萊蒙娜的

樂(lè)器制造業(yè)希望其注重質(zhì)量、傳統(tǒng)和手工藝的產(chǎn)品能夠?qū)⒈阋说耐鈬?guó)貨擋在門(mén)

外，，，故C項(xiàng)與之相符。

Thebattle(opreventoratleastslowglobalwarminghasintensifiedinthepastyearas

scientistshavelearnedmoreaboutthemagnitudeoftheproblem.Oneoftheleading

climateexperts,InezY.Fung,directoroftheAtmosphericSciencesCenteratthe

UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,recentlyshowedthattheearthmaysoonloseits

abilitytoabsorbmuchofthegreenhousegasthatisraisingtemperatures.Theoceansand

continentscurrentlysoakupabouthalfthecarbondioxideproducedbytheburningof

fossilfuels.Intheoceans,thegascombineswithwatertoformcarbonicacid;onland,

plantstakeinmorecarbondioxideandgrowfaster.Bu(computermodelingdoneby

Fungandhercolleaguesindicates(hatthesecarbonsinkswillbecomelesseffectiveas

theearthcontinuestowarm.Forexample,asthetropicsbecomehotteranddrierinthe

summer,plantswillreduce(heirrespirationofcarbondioxide(oavoidwaterloss.

Atmosphericmeasurementsoverthepastdecadehaveconfirmedthiseffect.Iftheoceans

andlandlakeinlesscarbondioxide,morewillremainintheatmosphereandglobal

warmingcouldacceleratecatastrophically.Despitethesewarningsigns,thegovernment

administrationhasopposedapprovaloftheKyotoProtocol,theinternationaltreaty

mandatingreductionsingreenhousegasemissions.Butninestatesinthenortheastern

U.S.areattemptingtosidestepthefederalgovernment'soppositionbytakingactionon

theirown.LastAugustthegroupreachedapreliminaryagreementtoreduceemissionsof

carbondioxideby10percentby2020.Theplanrequiresapprovalbythestate

legislatures,butenvironmentalistsarcalreadyhopingthatotherregionsoftheU.S.will

followsuit.Ifadoptednationwide,theproposalwouldlowergreenhousegasemissions

byroughlyasmuchastheKyotoProtocolwouldhave.SteveHoward,chiefexecutiveof

theClimateGroup,istacklingtheglobal-warmingproblemfromadifferentangle.

Foundedin2004.theClimateGroupisacoalitionofcorporationsandlocalgovernments

(hathavevoluntarilycommittedtoreducingtheirgreenhousegasemissions.Members

includeoilgiantBP(Bri(ishPetroleumCo.PLC),drug-makerJohnson&Johnson,and

Starbucks.BusinessesintheClimateGrouphavediscovered(hatimprovementsinenergy

efficiencycanenhanceprofitsaswellascutfossil-fuelemissions;BP,forinstance,

slasheditsenergybillsby$650millionover10years."Wehaveseenimportantevidence

aboutsuccessfulemissionreductionscatteredhereandthereinthemostsurprisingplaces

allovertheglobe,"Howardsays."Weareworkingtobringallofittogethersothatit

formsabodyofevidence."

6、InezY.Funghasfoundinthestudythat

A、theproblemofglobalwarminghasattractedgreatattention.

B、theearthcannotaccommodatethemountinggreenhousegas.

C、thecarbondioxideisthemaincomponentof(hegreenhousegas.

D、theoceansandcontinentsarcabletotakeinmoregas.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：段落細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)hezY.Fung可定位至前兩段。第一段中說(shuō)到“馮

又嫦最近指出，地球很快就吸收不「多少導(dǎo)致氣溫升高的溫室氣體r'，所以正確

答案為B項(xiàng)。

7、Whatdoes"carbonsinks"(Line1,Paragraph2)mean?

A、Theprocessofproducinggreenhousegas.

B、Thegradualprocessoflandsubmersion.

(oplaynicewiththeUnitedAutoWorkers(UAW).Howelseioexplainwhyareiiree

health-carefundcontrolledbytheUAWisgoingtogeta39percentequitystakeinGM

foritsremaining$10billioninclaimswhilebondholdersarebeingpressuredtotakea10

percentstakefortheir$27billion?It'shighlyunlikelythattheautoindustryprofessionals

atGMwouldhavereachedsuchadealifthegovernmenthadnotbeenwatchingthem

orprovidingthemoneyneededtokeepthefactorydoorsopen.GMiswidelyexpectedto

fileforbankruptcybeforetheendofthismonth.Ifthiswereatypicalbankruptcy,(he

companywouldbeallowedgbylawtotearupitsUAWcollectivebargainingagreement

andnegotiatefordrasticallyreducedwagesandbenefits.Surely,(hegovernmentwon't

leithathappen.Still,thethreatofacontractabolitionprobablyplayedaroleinthe

union'sagreementtocosl-cutiingmeasureslastweek.It'snevereasyforunionstomake

concessions,butthestingofhandingbackmoneyisbeingsoftenedbythegovernment's

desiretogivetheunionahugeownershipstakeinGM.Theadministrationarguesthatit

couldnotriskalienatingtheunionforfearoftriggeringastrikethatcouldpermanently

crippleGM.Italsoassumesthatithadtoagreetoprotectsuppliersandfundwarranties

inordertopreservejobsandreassurepotentialbuyersthattheircarswouldbeserviced.

Thesearelegitimateconcerns.Butit'stoobadthattheObamaadministrationhasnot

thoughtmoredeeplyabouthowitsbullyingofbondholderscouldconvincefuture

investorsthatthelastthingtheywanttodoisputmoneyintoanycompanythatthe

governmenthas—orcould-becomeinvolvedin.

IKInitsdealingswithU.S.automakers,theObamaadministrationhas

A、beenhardonshareholdersandautoindustrylaborforce.

B、helpedstrugglingautomakerstorightthemselveswithashort-termcash-infusion.

C、narrowlyavoidedignoranceofbasicprinciplesoffairnessandeconomicrealities.

D、successfullysavedtheautomaker-giantswhilestrivingforpoliticalgoals.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在第一段。其中講到奧巴馬政府過(guò)度干涉美國(guó)汽車

制造商，特別是最近通用汽車公司的問(wèn)題，險(xiǎn)些卷入金融操縱的危險(xiǎn)境地，那樣就

會(huì)無(wú)視公平的基本原則和經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)狀，C項(xiàng)與之相符。

12、Thestatement"calltheshots"(Line3,Paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto

A^implementstrategies.

B.havethefinalsay.

C、seekcompromises.

D^makeconcessions.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義理解題。這類題型需要根據(jù)上下文推斷出詞義。文中前一句講到

政府實(shí)際就代表了通用公司，按照邏輯推理，可知政府在與債權(quán)人談判中，它可以

代表通用公司做決定，由此可知B項(xiàng)“有決定權(quán)”正確。

13、Ifithadnotbeenwatchedbythegovernment,GMwouldprobablyhave

A、imposednopressureonbondholderstotakethe10%equitystake.

B、cutthepercentageofequitystakecontrolledbytheUAW.

C、tornupitsUAWcollectivebargainingagreementinanillegalway.

D^launchedstaff-downsizingandreducedworkers'wagesandbenefits.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。第二段講到因?yàn)橛姓谋O(jiān)管，上述協(xié)議才能達(dá)成。因

此可以推斷出，如果沒(méi)有政府幫助，UAW很可能就得不到39%這么多的股權(quán)，故

B項(xiàng)與之相符。

14、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thattheUAWgivestoppriorityto

A^takingitsownershipstakeinGM.

B、enlargingtheretireeheahh-carefund.

C、raisingworkers'wagesandbenefits.

D^validatingthecontractwithGM.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。屬段落細(xì)節(jié)推斷。原文提到“廢除合同的威脅很可能促

成了工會(huì)在上周同意了有關(guān)降低成本的措施?！币?yàn)楣と寺?lián)合會(huì)擔(dān)心協(xié)議被撕毀將

一無(wú)所得，所以才同意了有關(guān)降低成本的措施。由此可見(jiàn)，他們最希望的就是能夠

保全之前與公司簽訂的協(xié)議，故D項(xiàng)正確。

15、Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

A^TheUAWshouldbefullysatisfiedinordertoavoidastrike.

B、Theadministrationhasgivenmorethanenoughsympathytotheworkers.

C、Theunfairtreatmentcanmakefutureinvestorslosetrustinthegovernment.

Legitimateconcernsareonlytoolsofthegovernmenttoachievepoliticalgoals.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。從全文意義以及最后一段可以推斷出作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，

即政府行為會(huì)導(dǎo)致投資者不愿再把錢(qián)投資到與政府有關(guān)的企業(yè)中.因?yàn)檎赡軙?huì)

損害他們的利益來(lái)保護(hù)勞工權(quán)益，C項(xiàng)與之相符。

Biographiescanbewearisomecontrivances,oftentoolongandtoodetailedfbrtheirown

good.Biographersmakethemistakeofspending(oomuchtimeworshipping(heir

subjects.Thinkoftheauthoritativethree-volumelifeofRobertFrostbyLawrence

Thompson,forexample,andhowthebiographerpassed,overthemanyyearsofits

making,fromheroworshipiointensedislikeofthepoetheshadowedforalmosta

quarterofacentury.Yes,toolongandintenseanacquaintancecanleadtosourness.As

thebicentenaryofCharlesDarwin'sbirthonFebruary12thapproaches,itisgoodto

welcomeabiographywhichisrelativelysmall,butinnowaysuperficialormeager.Ruth

Padelhasachievedthisfeatbywritinghergreat-great-grandfathefslifeinasequenceof

oftenquiteshortpoems.Throughherversessheseekstocapturethe"voice"ofDarwin.

MsPadciembedsmanyofDarwin'sownwords-fromhisbooksorhisletters-inher

poems,andtheresultstendtogivethesenseofbeingjointlyauthored.Sometimesshe

shapesentirepiecesofquotationintoherownpoeticpassages.Ifthisseemstobeabitof

slyplagiarism,itdoesn'tfeellikeit.Itfeelsmorelikeaskillfulactofcollaboration

betweenthelivingandthedead,onemeldingeasilywiththeother.Whydoesthisbook

worksowell?Howdocsitmanagetosaysomuchinsofewwords?MsPadciseemsto

havecaughttheessenceof(heman'scharacter,asifinabutlerflynet.Sheentersintohis

castofmind,bringingacrosshishyper-sensitivity,hissenseoffragility,hislifelong

boldness,andthepoemsareasequenceofsnapshots—oftensmall,intermittentand

delicatelyimagistic一ofparticularlycrucialincidentsinhislife;ofmomentsof

intellectualillumination.Itisnoteasytodescribeawholelifeinrelativelyfewwords.

Youneedtofindsomewayoffillinginthebackground.MsPadelhasovercomethis

problembyhavingparagraphsofnotesrun,inasinglecolumn,besidethetextsofthe

poemssothattheycanbereadsidebyside.Andwhyarepoemsagoodwayof

illuminatingalifesuchasDarwin's?Thebestlyricpoems—thinkofKeatsorShelley,

forexample—aremomentsofsuddeninsight.AndDarwin,throughout,wasinthegripof

somethingverysimilar:a(errible,destabilizingsenseofwonder.Hesensedhintsofihe

marvelouseverywherehelooked.Allthesadderthen—andthisissomethingthatMs

Padeldoesnotexplainthat,laterinlife,themanwhocarriedwithhimontheBeagle

ChannelacopyofMilton's"ParadiseLost"foundthathecouldnolongerenjoypoetry.

16^Accordingtotheauthor,biographiescanbecomeboringbecausetheyaretoo

A、short.

detailed.

C、authoritative.

D^superficial.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可定位至第一段第一句。其中說(shuō)到傳記常常因

為寫(xiě)得過(guò)于冗長(zhǎng)詳盡而令人厭倦，因此可知正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

17、TheexampleofLawrenceThompsonistoshowthat

A、it'smostli