考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷359

考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷359

一、閱讀(常規(guī)閱讀理解)(本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。)

"Always"."Never".ThesearcprobablythetwomostpowerfulwordsintheEnglish

language.Evenmorepowerfulthanyesandno,sincesayingyes(orno)appliestothe

momentorsubjectathand,whilesaying"always"or"never"setsthetoneforeverything

tocome.Thetwowordscanbepowerfulinabeneficialway,orinanadverselynegative

way.Ifyouuse"always"inaffirmationssuchas"Iamalwaysincreasingmylevelofjoy

andaliveness",or"Iamalwaysgrowingnearerandnearertomydivinereality'1,or"Iam

alwaysattherightplaceattherighttime",etc.,thentheseusesoftheword"always"

becomeanempowerment.However,whenweusetheword"always"innegative

situations,suchas"Ialwaysgetitwrong",or"Ialwayscatchacold",etc.thenwearc

"creatingourreality"inapowerfulway.TheuseofthewordALWAYSisverypowerful,

soistheuseofNEVER.WhileIencourageyoutofindempoweringwaystousetheword

"always11,1alsoencourageyoutodropcompletelythewordNEVER.Onecannotusethat

wordpositively?Evenifyousay"Inevercatchacold'*,or"Myhusbandnevercheatson

me",orwhatever,thefocusisstillonsomethingyoudon'twantinyourlife-acold,a

cheatinghusband,etc.Itisbettertoreplacethosestatements(andthoughts)with"Iam

alwayshealthy",orifyou'renotquitecomfortablewiththatstatement,thensay"Each

day,Igethealthierandhealthier".Orratherthanfocusonthepictureofacheating

husband,bettertofocuson"Myhusbandisalwaysfaithfultome",or"MyhusbandandI

arefaithfulandhonestwitheachother'*.Youcanaskyoursubconscioustohelpyouroot

outyouruseoftheword"always"andtheword"never".Askyoursubconscioustoalert

youwhenyouusethosewordswhetherinthoughtorconversation.Whenyoucatch

yourself"creatingyourreality"inawaythatdoesnotmeetyourhighestvisionofa

happylife,thenrephraseyourthoughtorstatement.Ifyoufindyourselfsaying"I

always"followedbyanegativeprojection,youcould,attheleast,replacethe"always"

with"inthepast,I..."(omittingtheword"always*'or"never").Inthisway,youatleast

keepthatpictureliedtoyourpast,andfreeyourfutureforsomethingwhichismorein

keepingwithyourdreamsandvisionforyourself.Ileaveyouwiththesethoughts:May

youalwaysbeblessedwithmanywonderfullexperiences.Mayyourheartalwaysbefull

ofloveforyourselfandforothers.Sobeit!

1、Thetextsuggeststhat.

A-.theword"never"cannotbepowerfulinabeneficialway

B、theword"always"canonlybepowerfulinapositiveway

C、theuseoftheword"always"iscreatingarealitypowerfully

D、yesand"no"shouldbereplacedby"always"and"never”

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段中的“…theseusesoftheword4always5becomean

empowerment"和“whenweusetheword'always'innegativesituations,...thenwe

arc4creatingourrcality'inapowerfulway”,C應(yīng)為答案。

2、Accordingtotheauthor,theword"always'1.

A、isusuallyusedtotalkabouthappinessinourlives

B、maybeusedeitherinabeneficialorinanegativeway

C、isusedmoreinabeneficialwaythaninanegativeway

D、canbeextremelypov/erfulwhenusedinanegativeway

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B^

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段第一句"Thetwowordscanbepowerfulinabeneficialway,

orinanadverselynegativeway”，B應(yīng)為答案。

3、Theauthormaintainsthattheword"never".

A、canscarcelybeusedpositively

B、cansometimesbeusedpositively

C、canbeusedinanempoweringway

D、shouldbeusedinanegativesituation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A:

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第三段第三、四句"Onecannotusethatwordpositiveiy?Evenifyou

say41nevercatchacold,,...thefbcusisstillonsomethingyoudon'twantinyour

life...”，A應(yīng)為答案。

4、Intheauthor'sopinion,theword"always".

A、shouldbediscardedcompletely

B、shouldbeusedmoresubconsciously

C、shouldbeusedtotalkaboutpastevents

D、shouldbelessusedinnegativesituations

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D:

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第四段中的"Ifyoufindyourselfsaying41always'followedbya

negativeprojection,youcould,attheleast,replaceIhe'always'with'inthepast,

I...*(omittingthewordalwaysornever),\D應(yīng)為答案。

5、Theauthorinsiststhat.

A、whatyoupreferto"always"haveinyourlife,justsayso

B、everybodyisalwaysblessedwithloveandgreathappiness

C、yourfutureisbasedonyourdreamsandvisionforyourself

D、whateveryousayorwhateveryoudreamwillcometruesomeday

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本文表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是：‘“always，ispowerful”。作者在最后一段使用

“always”這個(gè)詞表達(dá)了美好的祝愿。所以，A應(yīng)為答案。

InMay,USATodayreportedthatthefederalgovernmentiscollectingdataonthephone

callsmadeandreceivedbytensofmillionofAmericans.Accordingtotheprogram's

defenders,yourgrocerystore,yourcablecompany,andyourcreditcardcompanycan

identifyyoubasedonyourphonenumber,buttheNationalSecurityAgency(NSA)can't.

Atleast,that'stheimplicationwhenpeoplesaythedatabaseislegalbecausethe

informationinithasbeen"anonymized"—i.e.,strippedofnamesandaddresses.But

phonenumberscanreadilybelinkedtonamesandaddressesusingpubliclyavailable

information.Theclaimthatthere'sreallynothingpersonalorprivateaboutthephonscall

records-whichtelltheNSAwhocallswhom,when,andforhowlong-isatenuous

basisfordefendingdatacollectionthatordinarilyrequiresacourtorderorthecustomer's

consent.Onemajorphonecompany,Qwest,refusedtogivetheNSAitscustomers'

records.Officialsthereknewtheycouldfaceheftypenaltiesunderatleasttwostatutes,

theCommunicationsActandtheElectronicCommunicationsPrivacyAct,ifthey

revealedthisinformationwithouttheircustomers'permissionunlesstheywerelegally

requiredtodoso.TheNSA'sdefendersciteQwest'srefusalasevidencetheprogramis

voluntaryandthereforelegal.Infact,itindicatesjusttheopposite:HadQwestbeen

presentedwithalawfulsubpoenaorcourtorderdemandingthedata,italmostcertainly

wouldhavecomplied.Ifithadn't,thegovernmentcouldhaveforcedittodoso.Instead,

USATodayreported,theNSAresortedtoextra-legalmethods,pressuringthephone

companiestodivulgethedatathroughappealstopatriotism,warningsaboutterrorism,

andthreatsoflostgovernmentcontracts.Presumablyittookthisroutebecauseitwould

havehadahardtimeconvincingtheForeignIntelligenceSurveillanceCourtthatevery

American'sphonerecordswere"relevant"toaterrorisminvestigation.MaybetheNSA

shouldn'thavetomeetthatstandardwhenitdocsautomatedanalysesofsuchdataaimed

atpreventingterroristattacks.Ifso,there'sasimplesolution:AskCongresstochangethe

relevantstatutes.Otherwise,divulgingtherecordstothegovernmentviolatesthelaw.

6^Itwasreportedthatthefederalgovernmentis.

A、defendingitsrighttocollectdataonthephonecallsofpeople

collectingdataonthephonecallsofpeopleforsecurityreasons

C、interestedingettingthepersonalinformationofaveragecitizens

D、followingtheexampleofcreditcardcompaniesindatacollection

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“…thefederalgovernmentiscollectingdataonthe

phonecalls...ofAmericans.Accordingto...number,buttheNationalSecurity

Agency(NSA)can,f,,B應(yīng)為答案。

7、TheNationalSecurityAgencybelievesthatitislegal.

A、tocollect"anonymized"personalinformation

B、tolinkphonenumberstonamesandaddresses

C^tousepubliclyavailableinformationindataanalysis

D、toidentifyandaccuseanyonebasedonphonecallrecords

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第,段最后■句“…that'stheimplicationwhenpeoplesaythe

databaseislegalbecausetheinformationinithasbeen"anonymized'..A應(yīng)為答案。

8、TheNSA'sdefendersstatethatphonecallrecords

A^arefrequentlyusedbyvariousinstitutions

B、canbeusedwithoutthecustomer'sconsent

C、arenothingbutpubliclyavailableinformation

D、canhardlybeconsideredasprivateinformation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段第二句"Theclaimthatthere'sreallynothingpersonalor

privateaboutthephonecallrecords...isatenuousbasisfbrdefendingdatacollection',D

應(yīng)為答案。

9、TheexampleofQwestiscitedbytheNSA'sdefenderstoprovethatphonedata

collection.

A、facesseverepenalties

B>requiresacourtorder

C^ispermittedbythelaw

D、isforbiddenbystatutes

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第四段第一句"TheNSA'sdefendersciteQwest'srefusalas

evidencetheprogramisvoluntaryandthereforelegal”,C應(yīng)為答案。

10、Theauthorarguesthatatpresent.

A、revealingcallrecordstotheNSAisillegal

B、collectingdatafbrnauonalsecurityislegal

C、communicationsstatuteshavetobemodified

D、preventingterrorismisamatterofgreaturgency

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)全文最后一句"Otherwise,divulgingtherecordstothegovernment

violatesthelaw"，A應(yīng)為答案。

Divorceisoneofthosecreations,likefastfoodandliterock,thathasmorepeople

willingtoindulgeZinitthanpeoplewillingtodefendit.Backinthe1960s,easier

divorcewashailedasaneededremedyfortoxicrelationships.Butfamiliarityhasbred

contempt.Inrecentyears,thedivorcerevolutionhasbeenblamedforworseningallsorts

ofproblemswithoutbringinghappinesstopeopleinunhappymarriages.There'salotof

evidencethatmaritalbreakupdoesmoresocialharmthangood.Intheir2000book,The

CasefbrMarriage,LindaWaiteandMaggieGallagherdocumentthatadultswhoare

marrieddobetterthansinglesinwealth,health,andpersonalsatisfaction.Childrenliving

withadivorcedorunwedsingleparentaremorelikelytofallintopoverty,sickness,and

crimethanotherkids.Marriageisagoodthing,mostpeopleagree,whiledivorceis,at

best,anecessaryevil.Sothelawsthataccompaniedthedivorcerevolutionhavecome

underfirefordestroyingfamiliesandweakeningsafeguardsforspouseswhokeeptheir

vows.WaiteandGallagherarguethatloosedivorcelawsharmevenintacthouseholdsby

fosteringchronicuncertainly.Louisiana,inlinewiththiscriticism,hasgonesofarasto

providea"covenantmarriage"optionforcoupleswhowanttheprotectionofstricter

divorcerules.Itmayseemobviousthateasierdivorcelawsmakeformoredivorceand

moreinsecurity.Butwhatisobviousisnotnecessarilytrue.Whattwoscholarshave

foundisthatwhenyoumakedivorceeasiertoget,youmayactuallyproducebetter

marriages.Intheolddays,anyonewhowantedtoescapefromthetrialsofwedlockhad

togethisorherspousetoagreetoasplit,orelsegotocourttoprovethepartnerhad

donesomethingtemblyv/rong(suchascommittingadultery).The1960sand70s',

brought"no-fault"divorce,whichisalsoknownas"unilateraldivorce'*,sinceeitherparty

canbringitaboutwithouttheconsentoftheother.Thefirstsurpriseisthatlooserdivorce

lawshaveactuallyhadlittleeffectonthenumberofmarriagesthatfallapart.Economist

JustinWolfersofStanfordUniversity,inastudypublishedbytheNationalBureauof

EconomicResearch(NBER),foundthatwhenCaliforniapassedano-faultdivorcelawin

1970,thedivorceratejumped,thenfellbacktoitsoldlevel—andthenfellsomemore.

Thatwasalsothepatterninotherstatesthatloosenedtheirlaws.Overtime,heestimates,

thechancethatafirstmarriagewouldbreakuprosebyjustone-fourthofonepercentage

point,whichisnexttonothing.

11Bysaying"familiarityhasbredcontempt",theauthormeansthat.

A^familiarpeopletendtodespiseeachother

B、divorcerevolutionhasbecomeunwelcome

C、divorcedpeoplearealwaysheldincontempt

D、familiaritycontributestounhappymarriages

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第一段談社會(huì)對(duì)離婚態(tài)度的變化，60年代時(shí)受歡迎，而近些年來受

譴責(zé)。"Butfamiliarityhasbredcontempt”指的就是這個(gè)變化。所以，B應(yīng)為答案。

12、Accordingtothebook,TheCaseforMarriage,divorce.

A、servesasatriggerforjuveniledelinquency

B、harmshealth,andlessenspersonalsatisfaction

C、istheprimaryreasonforpovertyandsickness

D、doesharmtobothadultsandchildreninvolved

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段以“TheCaseforMarriage”這本書的內(nèi)容為論據(jù)，說明該段第一

句話所提出的論點(diǎn)“maritalbreakupdoesmoresocialharmthangood"。所以，D應(yīng)為

答案。

13、Mostpeoplebelievethateasierdivorcelaws.

A、areneededtoremedymaritalbreakup

B、bringhappinesstounhappymarriages

C、aredesirabletoreducethedivorcerate

D、inflictchronicinsecurityonmarriages

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)第三段中的“Marriageisagoodthing,mostpeopleagree,while

divorceis,atbest,anecessaryevil”和第五段中的"Itmayseemobviousthateasier

divorcelawsmakefbrmoredivorceandmoreinsecurity,\D應(yīng)為答案。

14、Theauthorarguesthatloosedivorcelawsmay.

A^improvemarriagesandnotpromotedivorce

B、raisedivorcerateandcausemoreinsecurity

C、impelmorepeopletochoosetogetdivorced

D、helppeopleescapefromthetrialsofwedlock

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)第五段中的"Butwhatisobviousisnotnecessarilytrue.Whattwo

scholarshavefoundisthaiwhenyoumakedivorceeasiertoget,youmayactually

producebettermarriagcsM，A應(yīng)為答案。

15、Theno-faultdivorcelaw.

A^washailedwhenitwaspassed

B、causedthedivorceratetojump

C、failedtomakeformoredivorce

D、createdmoreone-parentfamilies

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第七段以一位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的研究為例，說明“no—faultdivorcelaw”對(duì)離

婚率影響不大，即證明了該段第一句的觀點(diǎn)“Thefirstsurpriseisthatlooserdivorce

lawshaveactuallyhadlittleeffectonihenumberofmarriagesthatfallapart”是正確勺勺。

所以，C應(yīng)為答案。

Devianceisdefinedasanyact,belieforactionthatresultsinthedisapprovalofany

membersofsociety.Muchofthescornthatpeoplefaceinsocietytodayisaresultof

situationaldeviance(thatwhichisregardedasregularinonecommunitymaybe

considereddeviantinanother).Itisbecauseofsituationaldeviancethatliterallyevery

personcouldbelabeledadeviantbysome.Withsomanydifferentvalueandbelief

systemsoccurringsimultaneouslythroughouttheplanet,systemsthatoftenconflictwith

oneanother,itisimpossibleforanyonetobeconsidered"normal"ineverysocietyon

earlh.Takethisexample:amemberofastreetgangassistinginanarmedrobberywith

fellowgangmembers.Thisactisseenasdeviantwithinmostculturesandorganizations

throughouttheplanet,butfellowcriminalsormembersofthegangmayscornthosewho

doNOTparticipateinsuchacts,astheyareviewedascowardsorfools.Thisprovesthat

regardlessofhowapersonactsorwhatbeliefstheyholdtheyaredestinedtofacescorn

fromsomemembersofthepopulation,whichmakeseveryonedevianttosomeextent.

Youmightbeaskingwhy:ifeveryoneisconsidereddevianttosomeextent,onlyasmall

portionofthepopulationispunishedbythelaw.Manytimeslawsreflectthevaluesof

themajorityofapopulation.Thismeansthataslongasanactisconsideredtobe

acceptablebymostofthelocalpopulation,thiswillmostlikelybereflectedinthelaws

ofthecommunity.Thisisnotalwaysthecase,assometimeslawsaresimplyreflectiveof

thevaluesofthoseinpoweranddonotreflectthebeliefsofthemajorityofthe

population(euthanasiaandhomosexualmarriagearetwocontroversiallaws).Thisisnot

tosaythatallactsthatarcdeemeddeviantarccriminal.Manynon-criminalactsarc

consideredbymanytobedeviant,whilesomeactsthatareagainstthelawmaybeseen

aslegitimatebyamajorityofsociety.Manypeopleviewthelegalactivityofpurchasing

pornographyasdeviant,whilemanymoreconsidermercykilling(oreuthanasia)tobe

acceptableorevencommendabledespitethefactthatthisactisoftenillegal.Virtually

everyhumanbeingonthefaceoftheearthhasbeenscornedorstigmatizedatonepoint

oranother.Thisissimplytheresultofaneverchanging,diverse,andmulticultural

planet,anditishumanity'sbeliefsandvaluesthatseparatethehumanracefromother

animals.

16、Accordingtothetext,situationaldeviancerefersto.

A、abehaviorseenasdeviantonlyinaparticularculture

B、muchofthescornfacedbypeopleinmodernsociety

C、anactthatisconsideredillegalinspecificoccasions

D^severesocialdisapprovalofpersonalcharacteristics

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“situationaldeviance(thatwhichisregardedasregularin

onecommunitymaybeconsidereddeviantinanother)“可知，"situatio