英語(yǔ)閱讀詞匯障礙分類(lèi)克服

英語(yǔ)閱讀詞匯障礙分類(lèi)克服（1）能源及自然災(zāi)害類(lèi)1、巴拿馬政府下令拉閘限電ThePanamaniangovernmenthasorderedschoolstocloseandgovernmentofficestoreducetheiropeninghoursasthecountrysuffersfromapowershortage.巴拿馬正面臨電力短缺的窘境，政府下令關(guān)閉學(xué)校以及政府辦公室以節(jié)約能源。Italsodeclaredadroughtemergencyinathirdofthecountry.Panamaderivesmorethanhalfofitsenergyfromhydroelectric（水力發(fā)電的）powerandalackofrainhashitthesupplyhard.Governmentofficialssaidtheyhadbeenforcedtotakethemeasuresafterpreviousdrivestosaveenergyhadfailedtomakemuchdifference.Havoc（大破壞，浩劫）Officialssaidbars,nightclubs,cinemasandsupermarketswouldalsoberequiredtoclosebetween22:00(03:00GMT)and06:00(11:00GMT)localtimefromMondaytoThursday.Businesseshavebeenaskedtoturnofftheirairconditioningbetween11:00(16:00GMT)and15:00(20:00GMT).PresidentRicardoMartinelliaskedPanamanians"tosaveenergybecausethelackofrainisreallycausinghavocwithourelectricitysystem".Hydroelectricpoweraccountedforalmost60%ofPanama'selectricitygenerationin2010,accordingtotheUSEnergyInformationSystem.GovernmentministerRobertoHenriquezsaidhehopedthemeasureswouldpreventmoredrasticenergyshortages"Ifwesticktothiswecancertainlypreventfurthercutswhichcouldseriouslyaffectthecountry'seconomy,"hesaid.PanamahasthefastestgrowingeconomyinLatinAmericawitharateofmorethan10%for2012,accordingtothegovernment'sstatisticagency.Officialssaidtheywouldre-assessonSundaywhethertolifttherestrictionsandre-openschools,butwithnorainforecasttheycalledoncitizenstocurbtheirenergyconsumptionasmuchaspossible.障礙詞匯：declare公開(kāi)；公開(kāi)宣布.Droughtn.干旱；缺乏emergencyn.緊急情況；突發(fā)事件；非常時(shí)刻adj.緊急的；備用的derives源于RicardoMartinelli里卡多·馬蒂內(nèi)利accountedfor對(duì)…負(fù)有責(zé)任；對(duì)…做出解釋?zhuān)徽f(shuō)明……的原因；導(dǎo)致；（比例）占generationn.一代；產(chǎn)生；一代人；生殖drasticadj.激烈的；猛烈的n.烈性瀉藥LatinAmerica拉丁美洲agencyn.代理，中介；代理處，經(jīng)銷(xiāo)處assessvt.評(píng)定；估價(jià)；對(duì)…征稅restrictionn.限制；限制條件（restriction的復(fù)數(shù)形式）energyconsumption能量損耗2、美國(guó)俄克拉荷馬州遭龍卷風(fēng)襲擊AtleastonepersonisreporteddeadandseveralothersinjuredinaseriesoftornadoesthathavetornthroughtheUSstateofOklahoma.美國(guó)俄克拉荷馬州遭遇一連串的龍卷風(fēng)襲擊，至少1人死亡、多人受傷。TheworstdamagewascausedbyatornadonearthetownofShawnee,35miles(55km)fromOklahomaCity,localmediareport.AmobilehomeparknearShawneeissaidtohavebeenlevelledtotheground.Twistershavebeenreportedinotherstates,includingIowa,Minnesota,KansasandIllinois.TheNationalWeatherService(NWS)warnedofadangeroustornadoapproachingthecityofWichita,Kansas.IthadearlierissuedurgentappealsforpeopleinpartsofOklahomatotakecover.EverythingdestroyedInOklahoma,localTVstationssaidatleastonepersonwaskilledandseveralothershurtwhenatrailerparkonHighway102nearShawneewashit.AFox25reporterinShawneesaidtreeshadbeenshreddedandhomesdestroyed.Downedpowerlineswerelyingonroads,shesaid.Oneresident,AmberAsh,saidherhomewashitbyatornadoasshewaitedinastormshelter."Onceitpassed,wegotoutandsawthedevastation.EverythingIhadwasdestroyed."TherewasalsoseriousdamageinthetownofEdmondbutnoinjurieswerereported.Thousandsofresidentsintheaffectedareashavebeenleftwithoutpower.GovMaryFallinsaidastateofemergencyhadbeendeclaredin16countiestoenablehelptogettotheworst-hitpartsofOklahoma.AtleastfourtornadoesravagedthestateonSunday,partofastormsystemthatwasmovingnorth-eastacrosstheMidwesternstatesandTexas."Rightnowwe'reinarescueandrecoverystage,"GovFallinsaid."We'restillnotintheclearyet."ThemassivestormsystempromptedtheNWStoissueablunt（不鋒利的，生硬的，直率的）warningtoresidentsintheaffectedstates.Theagencysaid:"Youcouldbekilledifnotundergroundorinatornadoshelter.Completedestructionofneighbourhoods,businessesandvehicleswilloccur.Flyingdebriswillbedeadlytopeopleandanimals."MeteorologistswarnthattheextremeweatherisexpectedtocontinueonMonday障礙詞匯Tornadon.[氣象]龍卷風(fēng)；旋風(fēng)；暴風(fēng)；大雷雨Leveln.水平；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；水平面adj.水平的；平坦的；同高的vi.瞄準(zhǔn)；拉平；變得平坦vt.使同等；對(duì)準(zhǔn)；弄平twistersn.纏繞者；[法]歪曲事實(shí)的人（twister的復(fù)數(shù)）Iowan.愛(ài)荷華州（美國(guó)州名）Minnesotan.明尼蘇達(dá)州（美國(guó)中北部洲）Kansas堪薩斯州Illinois伊利諾斯州.issuev.發(fā)布，發(fā)行urgentadj.緊急的；急迫的appealsforvt.懇求，請(qǐng)求；要求takecover躲藏，隱蔽TheNationalWeatherService(NWS)（美）國(guó)家氣象局（NationalWeatherService）trailerpark活動(dòng)住屋或（家庭拖車(chē)的）停車(chē)場(chǎng)Foxvt.欺騙；使變酸n.狐貍；狡猾的人vi.假裝；耍狡猾手段n.(Fox)人名；(英、法、德、意、西、瑞典)?？怂筟復(fù)數(shù)foxes或fox]Shawneen.肖尼（美國(guó)城市）；美國(guó)蕭尼族印第安人；蕭尼語(yǔ)shreddedadj.切碎的v.變成碎片（shred的過(guò)去分詞形式）powerlines電力線；輸電線residentadj.居住的；住院醫(yī)師；定居的n.居民sheltern.庇護(hù)；避難所；避風(fēng)處；避雨處；遮蓋物vt.保護(hù)；使掩蔽vi.躲避，避難devastationn.毀壞，荒廢affectedarea疫區(qū)；受影響區(qū)；被影響地區(qū)stateofemergency緊急狀態(tài)ravagevt.毀壞；破壞；掠奪n.蹂躪，破壞vi.毀壞；掠奪Midwesternadj.中西部的，有中西部特性的Texasn.德克薩斯州（美國(guó)州名）recoverystage恢復(fù)階段；恢復(fù)期intheclear不受阻礙；以內(nèi)寬計(jì)算；用普通文字massiveadj.大量的；巨大的，厚重的；魁偉的promptvt.提示；促進(jìn)；促使；激起；adj.敏捷的，迅速的；立刻的issueablunt（不鋒利的，生硬的，直率的）warningtoresidentsintheaffectedstates.對(duì)災(zāi)區(qū)居民發(fā)布一個(gè)直率的警告destructionof摧毀；破壞neighbourhoodsn.鄰居；鄰域，鄰近地區(qū)（neighbourhood的復(fù)數(shù)）vehiclesn.[車(chē)輛]車(chē)輛（vehicle的復(fù)數(shù)形式）；交通工具occurvi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在debrisn.碎片，殘骸deadlyadj致命的Meteorologistsn.氣象學(xué)家（meteorologist的復(fù)數(shù)）3、奧巴馬慰問(wèn)龍卷風(fēng)災(zāi)民USPresidentBarackObamahasvisitedthetornado-ravagedtownofMooreinOklahomaandhastolditsvictimsthatthey"arenotalone".美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬抵達(dá)被龍卷風(fēng)肆虐的俄克拉荷馬州摩爾城，并告訴災(zāi)民他們“不是一個(gè)人”。Surveyingthedevastation,MrObamasaiditwas"hardtocomprehend",adding:"Everywhere,fellowAmericansareprayingwithyou."Thepresidentvisitedthesiteoftheschoolwheresevenchildrendied.ThetornadoravagedtheOklahomaCitysuburblastMonday,killing24peopleanddestroyingsome1,200homes.About33,000peoplewereaffectedandthedamagehasbeenestimatedat$2bn(￡1.32bn).Some377peoplewerealsoinjuredinthetornado,whichwasrankedanEF5-atthetopoftheenhancedFujitascale.'Justamessenger'MrObama,alongsideOklahomaGovernorMaryFallin,said:"Thisisastrongcommunitywithstrongcharacter.There'snodoubttheywillbounceback.Buttheyneedhelp."Standingonablocksurroundedbydebris,thepresidentsaid:"Obviouslythedamagehereisprettyhardtocomprehend.""WheneverIcometoanareathathasbeendevastatedbysomenaturaldisasterlikethis,IwanttomakesurethateveryoneunderstandsthatIamspeakingonbehalfoftheentirecountry,"hesaid.InthepastyearthepresidenthasconsoledthefamiliesofvictimsofSuperstormSandy,theNewtown,ConnecticutschoolshootingandtheBostonMarathonbombings.MrObamasaid:"Everywhere,fellowAmericansareprayingwithyou,they'rethinkingaboutyouandtheywanttohelp.AndI'mjustamessengerherelettingyouknowthatyouarenotalone."MrObama'sfirststopwasthePlazaTowersElementarySchool,wheresevenofthe10childrenwhodiedlosttheirlives.Infrontofthewreckageandsurveyingpilesofrubbleandupturnedcars,hetoldoneschoolofficial:"Iknowthisistough."ThreemakeshiftAmericanflagsflewinthewind,attachedtopartsofthedebris.CalebSloan,24,wholosthishome,toldReuters:"[Thepresident]hasnochoicebuttolivebyhisword.Ihopeandprayandthinkhewillkeephispromises."MrObamahassignedadisasterdeclarationthatquickensfederalaid.Some450FederalEmergencyManagementAgency(Fema)personnelareinMoore,withsome$3.4minpaymentssofarapprovedfor4,200applicantsfordisasterassistance.GovernorFallinsaid:"We'reresilient.There'salreadyabigpathofdebristhat'sbeenmovedaround.Peoplearegatheringtheirstuff."It'sbeentrulyremarkabletoseehowourpeoplehaverespondedandhowstrongtheyare."障礙詞匯Survey測(cè)量，勘查，觀察，調(diào)查comprehendvt.理解；包含；由…組成prayn.祈禱v.祈禱suburbn.郊區(qū)；邊緣estimatevt.估計(jì)，估量；判斷，評(píng)價(jià)vi.估計(jì)，估價(jià)n.估計(jì)，估價(jià)；判斷，看法rankedv.排名；歸類(lèi)于（rank的過(guò)去分詞）EF超精度（extremelyfine）；每面（eachface）；enhancedadj.加強(qiáng)的；增大的v.提高；加強(qiáng)（enhance的過(guò)去分詞）Fujitascale藤田級(jí)數(shù)Fujitatornadoscale藤田級(jí)數(shù)FujitaIntensityScale藤田級(jí)數(shù)Fujitatornadointensityscale藤田級(jí)數(shù)Governorn.主管人員；統(tǒng)治者，管理者；[自]調(diào)節(jié)器；地方長(zhǎng)官;省長(zhǎng)，州長(zhǎng)communityn.社區(qū)；[生態(tài)]群落；共同體；團(tuán)體charactern.性格，品質(zhì)；特性；角色；[計(jì)]字符vt.印，刻；使具有特征bouncen.跳；彈力；活力vt.彈跳；使彈起vi.彈跳；彈起，反跳；彈回blockn.塊；街區(qū)；大廈；障礙物vt.阻止；阻塞；限制adj.成批的，大塊的；交通堵塞的naturaldisaster自然災(zāi)難，[環(huán)境][農(nóng)]自然災(zāi)害onbehalfof代表；為了entireadj.全部的，整個(gè)的；全體的consolevt.安慰；慰藉n.[計(jì)]控制臺(tái)；[電]操縱臺(tái)victimsn.受害者，犧牲者；受災(zāi)群眾（victim的復(fù)數(shù)）SuperstormSandy超級(jí)風(fēng)暴珊迪,theNewtownn.紐鎮(zhèn)（地名）;新城Connecticutn.美國(guó)康乃迪克州（位于美國(guó)東北部）schoolshooting校園槍擊案theBostonMarathon波士頓馬拉松賽bombings.n.[軍]轟炸，[軍]投彈v.轟擊；引爆炸彈（bomb的ing形式）messengern.報(bào)信者，送信者；先驅(qū)Plazan.廣場(chǎng)；市場(chǎng)，購(gòu)物中心n.(Plaza)人名；(英)普拉扎；(西、葡)普拉薩elementarySchool小學(xué)wreckagen.（失事船或飛機(jī)等的）殘骸；（船只等的）失事rubblen.碎石，碎磚；粗石堆upturnedadj.朝上的；向上翹的；翻過(guò)來(lái)的schoolofficial學(xué)校官員toughadj.艱苦的，困難的；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的，不屈不撓的；堅(jiān)韌的，牢固的；強(qiáng)壯的，結(jié)實(shí)的n.惡棍vt.堅(jiān)持；忍受，忍耐adv.強(qiáng)硬地，頑強(qiáng)地makeshiftadj.臨時(shí)的；權(quán)宜之計(jì)的；湊合的n.權(quán)宜之計(jì)；湊合；臨時(shí)措施；將就attachedto附屬于；系于；愛(ài)慕declarationn.（納稅品等的）申報(bào)；宣布；公告；申訴書(shū)quickenvi.加快；變活躍；vt.加快；鼓舞；使復(fù)活federalaid聯(lián)邦政府發(fā)放的財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼，聯(lián)邦援助FederalEmergencyManagementAgency(Fema)聯(lián)邦緊急事務(wù)管理署personneln.人事部門(mén)；全體人員adj.人員的；有關(guān)人事的approvedfor批準(zhǔn)用于某事applicantsn.申請(qǐng)人，應(yīng)征人（applicant的復(fù)數(shù)形式）assistancen.援助，幫助；輔助設(shè)備resilientadj.彈回的，有彈力的stuffn.東西；材料；填充物；素材資料vt.塞滿；填塞；讓吃飽vi.吃得過(guò)多remarkableadj.卓越的；非凡的；值得注意的respondvi.回答；作出反應(yīng)；承擔(dān)責(zé)任vt.以…回答n.應(yīng)答；唱和另附：自然與環(huán)境類(lèi)詞匯*災(zāi)害disarster：flood渾水，渾災(zāi)drought旱災(zāi)famine饑荒volcano火山erupt/eruption火山爆發(fā)hurricane颶風(fēng)typhoon臺(tái)風(fēng)tornado/cyclone龍卷風(fēng)thunderstorm雷暴duststorm塵暴sandstorm沙塵暴earthquake地震avalanche/snowslide/snowcrash雪崩landslide山體滑坡globalwarming全球變暖greenhouseeffect/gases溫室效應(yīng)/氣體sootemissions煙塵排放acidrain酸雨landslide/mudslide/debrisflow/mud-rockflow/mudflow泥石流tsunami海嘯blizzard大風(fēng)雪，暴風(fēng)雪violentstorm/storm/stormywind暴風(fēng)duststorm/sandstormsmaelstrom大漩渦fog霧，heavy/thickfog大霧，濃霧haze薄煙FogandHaze/Haze霧霾smog煙霧coldsnap寒潮winderosion風(fēng)蝕deforestation森林砍伐desertification沙漠化waterandsoilerosion水土流失icedissolve/glaciermelting冰川融化icestorm/hail/hailstone/silverstorm冰雹epidemic/epidemicdisease流行病，傳染病wildfire/forest/fire/hillfire/woodsfire森林大火redtide赤潮environmentaldegradation環(huán)境惡化pollute/pollution污染whitepollution白色污染threat/threaten威脅pour傾倒viciouscycleofpoverty貧窮的惡性循環(huán)devastate毀壞，蹂躪，使荒廢devastating破壞性極強(qiáng)的，毀滅性的haveadisastrous/catastrophiceffecton對(duì)------有災(zāi)難性的影響*中性詞Weatherforecast天氣預(yù)報(bào)Seismicmonitoring/earthquakemonitoring/G-Meter地震監(jiān)測(cè)heatwave熱浪Humidity濕度solarflare太陽(yáng)耀斑welcomerain/timelyrain甘霖dew露，露水frost霜emission/letoff/discharge排放ElNino/ElNinophenomenon厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象LaNinaphenomenon拉尼娜現(xiàn)象Sealevelrise海平面上升climate氣候coldfront冷鋒windforce風(fēng)力winddirection風(fēng)力Carbondioxide二氧化碳Carbonmonoxide一氧化碳fossilfuels礦物燃料iceberg冰山atmosphere大氣，大氣層atmosphere/atmosphericlayer/airenvelope大氣層ozonelayer/ozonosphere/chemosphere臭氧層airquality空氣質(zhì)量carboncycle碳循環(huán)lithosphere巖石圈solarsystem太陽(yáng)系circumstance環(huán)境，情況accumulate/accumulation積累artificialprecipitation/artificialrainfall人工降雨liveinharmonywithnature跟自然和諧相處low-carbonwayoflife低碳生活方式reuse/reusable可再利用、可再利用的renew/renewable更新，可更新可再生的exist/existence存在，生存takemeasures/actions采取措施，行動(dòng)object/objection反對(duì)objective/subjective客觀的/主觀的objector反對(duì)者dayalternatesnight晝夜交替channel海峽*措施類(lèi)cell-drivenvehicles/batterycar電動(dòng)汽車(chē)，電瓶車(chē)gas-fueledvehicles天然氣汽車(chē)lead-freegasoline無(wú)鉛汽油cleanenergy清潔能源naturereserve/reserve/protectionzone自然保護(hù)區(qū),保護(hù)區(qū)developrenewableresources開(kāi)發(fā)可再生資源TheConventiononBiologicalDiversity生物多樣性公約conservenaturalhabitats保護(hù)天然棲息地，protectionforest/protectiveforest/shelter-forest/shelter-belt防護(hù)林,防護(hù)帶厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象ElNi?o又稱厄爾尼諾海流，是太平洋赤道帶大范圍內(nèi)海洋和大氣相互作用后失去平衡而產(chǎn)生的一種氣候現(xiàn)象，就是沃克環(huán)流圈東移造成的。厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的基本特征是太平洋沿岸的海面水溫異常升高，海水水位上漲，并形成一股暖流向南流動(dòng)。它使原屬冷水域的太平洋東部水域變成暖水域，結(jié)果引起海嘯和暴風(fēng)驟雨，造成一些地區(qū)干旱，另一些地區(qū)又降雨過(guò)多的異常氣候現(xiàn)象。厄爾尼諾對(duì)我國(guó)氣候產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響。首先是臺(tái)風(fēng)減少，厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象發(fā)生后，西北太平洋熱帶風(fēng)暴（臺(tái)風(fēng)）的產(chǎn)生個(gè)數(shù)及在我國(guó)沿海登陸個(gè)數(shù)均較正常年份少。其次是我國(guó)北方夏季易發(fā)生高溫