Unit 1 developing ideas 課后培優(yōu)練（解析版）VIP

.3-Developingideas課后培優(yōu)練一、根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫或者漢語意思寫出單詞的正確形式。1．Doyouhaveenough__________(證據(jù))toprovethatyouareright?【答案】evidence【詳解】考查名詞。句意：你有足夠的證據(jù)證明你是對的嗎？故填evidence。2．Onenation’s________(政治)arelikelytobecloselylinkedwithitseconomicconditions.【答案】politics【詳解】考查名詞。句意：一個國家的政治很可能與經(jīng)濟(jì)條件緊密相連。根據(jù)單詞提示“政治”，且做主語，應(yīng)填名詞形式，故填politics。3．AsFrancisBacononcesaid,“Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobe__________(咀嚼)anddigested.”（【答案】chewed【詳解】考查動詞。句意：培根曾說過：“有些書可以淺嘗即止；有些書可以狼吞虎咽；而有些書則需要細(xì)嚼慢咽，好好消化?！眘omefew與chew之間為被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)be動詞可知，用動詞的過去分詞形式。根據(jù)漢語提示及句意，故填chewed。4．Itwilldrawyouandyourteammemberscloser,anditwillstrengthentheb________ofyourrelationship.【答案】bond/ond【詳解】考查名詞。句意：它會使你和你的隊友更加親密，而且它會加強(qiáng)你們聯(lián)系的紐帶。根據(jù)句意和首字母可知，此處表示“紐帶，聯(lián)系”，抽象概念，不可數(shù)，故填bond。5．Thelatestfindingswillhavefar-reachingc________notonlyfortheresearchersbutalsoforthesocietyasawhole.【答案】consequences/onsequences【詳解】考查名詞。句意：最新的研究結(jié)果不僅對研究人員有深遠(yuǎn)影響，而且對整個社會也有深遠(yuǎn)影響。根據(jù)單詞首字母以及句意“影響，結(jié)果”可知應(yīng)填名詞consequence，作賓語，前文沒有冠詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填consequences。二、單據(jù)語法填空。1．Chewingtoofastcancauseyou_________(swallow)toomuchair.【答案】toswallow【詳解】考查不定式。句意：嚼得太快會讓你吞下很多空氣。根據(jù)causesb.todosth.“導(dǎo)致某人做某事”可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式作賓補。故填toswallow。2．Theyaresosimilarthatpeoplefinditdifficulttodistinguishtherealoilpainting________thefakeone.【答案】from【詳解】考查固定用法。句意：它們?nèi)绱讼嗨埔灾劣谌藗冇X得很難把真的油畫和假的區(qū)分開來。distinguishsth.fromsth.表示“把……與……區(qū)分開”，為固定用法。故填from。3．Ican’tinviteyoutodinnerthisweekendasI________(paint)myhouseatthattime.【答案】willbepainting【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：這個周末我不能請你吃飯了，因為那時我要粉刷房子。根據(jù)時間狀語“thisweekend”和“atthattime”可知，此處表示將來一段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動作，故用將來進(jìn)行時。故填willbepainting。4．Insomecountries,________iscalled“equality”doesnotreallymeanequalrightsofallpeople.【答案】what【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：在一些國家，所謂的“平等”并不真的意味著所有人的權(quán)利平等。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，______iscalled“equality”為主語從句，空處在從句中作主語，需用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填what。5．Theman,from________Ilearnedthenews,isanengineerofaconstructioncompanyinShanghai.【答案】whom【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這個人是上海一家建筑公司的工程師，我是從他那里得到這個消息的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，空處指代man在定語從句中作介詞from的賓語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whom。故填whom。三、根據(jù)句意，選擇單詞或短語并以其適當(dāng)形式填空。contributeto,inaddition,devoteoneselfto,belongto,backdown,thinkoutsidethebox,breaknewground,shineaspotlighton1．Thestudyalsoshowshowimportantitisto________domesticviolencegloballyandtreatitasamajorpublichealthissue.2．TolearnEnglishwell,youmustspeakandreadmore.________,youmustbuildupyourvocabulary.3．Muchfreshair________goodhealth.4．Sometimeswehaveto________andthenwecanachievegreatersuccessinthesamefield.5．Heforcedhisopponentto________.6．Theparentshave________bringinguptheirchildren.7．Allthepeople________theclubwillgettogetherattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.8．Thisbookwill________inthestudyofEnglishidioms.【答案】1．shineaspotlighton2．Inaddition3．contributesto4．thinkoutsidethebox5．backdown6．devotedthemselvesto7．belongingto8．breaknewground【詳解】1.【解析】考查固定搭配和非謂語動詞。句意：這項研究還表明，在全球著重關(guān)注家庭暴力并將其作為一個重要的公共衛(wèi)生問題對待是多么重要。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“著重關(guān)注”，應(yīng)選固定搭配shineaspotlighton，且itis+形容詞+todo是固定句型，表示“做……是……”，所以此處動詞shine放在不定式后面，應(yīng)用原形，故填shineaspotlighton。2.【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：要學(xué)好英語，你必須多說多讀。另外，你必須增加你的詞匯量。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“另外”，應(yīng)選固定搭配inaddition，單詞位于句首，首字母大寫，故填I(lǐng)naddition。3.考查固定搭配和時態(tài)。句意：多呼吸新鮮空氣有益健康。此處表示“有助于”，應(yīng)選固定搭配contributeto，且句子描述的是客觀事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是“air(空氣)”是不可數(shù)名詞，且為第三人稱，所以動詞contribute應(yīng)用三單形式，故填contributesto。4.【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：有時我們必須跳出固有思維模式，才能在同一領(lǐng)域取得更大的成功。此處表示“跳出固有思維模式”，應(yīng)選thinkoutsidethebox，且havetodo是固定用法，表示“不得不做某事”，所以應(yīng)用動詞think的原形，故填thinkoutsidethebox。5.【解析】考查固定搭配和非謂語動詞。句意：他迫使他的對手認(rèn)輸。此處表示“認(rèn)輸；放棄”，應(yīng)選固定搭配backdown，且forcesb.todo是固定用法，表示“強(qiáng)迫某人做某事”，所以不定式后面應(yīng)用動詞back的原形，故填backdown。6.【解析】考查固定搭配和時態(tài)。句意：父母一直盡心盡力地?fù)狃B(yǎng)孩子。此處表示“致力于做；全身心做”應(yīng)選固定搭配devoteoneselfto，且主語是theparents(父母)，所以此處指“父母全身心撫養(yǎng)孩子”，應(yīng)用themselves，由前面的have和句意可知，撫養(yǎng)孩子這一動作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，動詞devote應(yīng)用過去分詞形式，故填devotedthemselvesto。7.【解析】考查固定搭配和非謂語動詞。句意：所有俱樂部的人明天早上都在校門口聚集。此處表示“屬于”，應(yīng)選固定搭配belongto，且分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處是非謂語動詞做后置定語，修飾people(人)，動詞belong和people二者之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故填belongingto。8.【解析】考查固定搭配和時態(tài)。句意：這本書將在英語習(xí)語的研究方面開辟新的天地。此處表示“開辟新天地”應(yīng)選固定搭配breaknewground，且由前面的will和句意可知，句子描述的是將要發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用一般將來時，所以will后的動詞break應(yīng)用原形，故填breaknewground。四、閱讀理解ATreeplantingusedtoberegardedasaneffectivemeansofcontrollingclimatechange,becausetheyeffectivelyremovesCO2fromtheatmosphere.Butitshouldbereconsideredbecausetreesonlyholdontocarbondioxideaslongasthey'realive.Oncetheydie,treesdecay(腐爛)andreleasethatCO2back.Recentstudieshavefoundthattreesaroundtheworldaregrowingfasterthanever.RisingatmosphericCO2,mainlyduetoburningfossil(化石)fuels,isprobablydrivingthatrapidgrowth,saidRoelBrienen,aforestecologistofUK.Highlevelsofthisgasareincreasingtemperatures,whichdirectlyspeedstreegrowthinthoseareas,headded.Thefastertreesgrow,thefastertheystorecarbon.However,itisknownthatfast-growingtreespecies,ingeneral,liveshorterlivesthantheirslow-growingrelatives.Inordertoseewhetherthegrowth-lifespantrade-off(生長和壽命之間的權(quán)衡)isauniversalphenomenon,Brienenandhiscolleaguesanalyzedover210,000individualtreeringrecordsof110treespeciesfrommorethan70,000sitesworldwide."Bymeasuringtreerings'widths,onecantellhowfasttreesgrew,whilecountingringsprovidesinformationontreeagesandallowsmakinginferencesabouttrees'maximumlifespan,"Brienenexplained.Theyfoundthat,inalmostallhabitatsandallsites,faster-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies.Earlyon,itshowedthat"theforestcouldholdmorecarbonasthetreesgrewfaster",Brienenreported.Butafter20years,thesetreesstarteddyingandlosingthisextracarbonagain."WemustunderstandthattheonlysolutiontobringingdownCO2levelsistostopreleasingitintotheatmosphere,"saidBrienen.1．Whyshouldwereconsidertreesagainstclimatechange?A．BecausetreescanremoveCO2. B．BecausedeadtreesreleaseCO2.C．BecausetreescanreduceCO2. D．BecausetreescanholdontoCO2.2．Whichisthedirectreasonfortrees'fastergrowththanever?A．Risingtemperatures. B．LargerstorageofCO2.C．GrowingCO2intheair. D．Wideuseoffossilfuel.3．HowdoBrienenandhiscolleaguestellhowfasttreesgrew?A．Bymeasuringtreerings'widths. B．Bycountingtreerings'number.C．Byanalyzingtrees'length. D．Byrecordingtrees'lifespan.4．WhatistheeffectivewaytoreduceCO2levelsaccordingtoBrienen?A．Plantingmoretrees. B．Makingtreesgrowfaster.C．BanningCO2release. D．Controllingclimatechange.【答案】1．B2．A3．A4．C【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，世界各地的樹木正以前所未有的速度生長，樹木生長得越快，它們儲存碳的速度就越快，一旦死亡，就會腐爛并釋放出二氧化碳，因此我們需要重新考慮控制氣候變化的有效手段。1．【分析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Butitshouldbereconsideredbecausetreesonlyholdontocarbondioxideaslongasthey'realive.Oncetheydie,treesdecay(腐爛)andreleasethatCO2back.(但這應(yīng)該重新考慮，因為樹木只有在活著的時候才能吸收二氧化碳。樹木一旦死亡，就會腐爛并釋放出二氧化碳)”可知，我們應(yīng)該重新考慮樹木對氣候變化的影響因為死樹會釋放二氧化碳。故選B。2．【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Highlevelsofthisgasareincreasingtemperatures,whichdirectlyspeedstreegrowthinthoseareas,headded.(他補充說，高濃度的這種氣體使氣溫升高，直接加速了這些地區(qū)的樹木生長)”可知，樹木比以往任何時候都生長得更快的直接原因是氣溫上升。故選A。3．【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Bymeasuringtreerings'widths,onecantellhowfasttreesgrew,whilecountingringsprovidesinformationontreeagesandallowsmakinginferencesabouttrees'maximumlifespan(通過測量樹木年輪的寬度，人們可以知道樹木的生長速度，而計算年輪可以提供樹木年齡的信息，并可以推斷樹木的最大壽命)”可知，Brienen和他的同事通過測量樹木年輪的寬度來判斷樹木的生長速度。故選A。4．【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“WemustunderstandthattheonlysolutiontobringingdownCO2levelsistostopreleasingitintotheatmosphere(我們必須明白，降低二氧化碳水平的唯一辦法是停止將其釋放到大氣中)”可知，根據(jù)Brienen的觀點，降低二氧化碳水平的有效方法是禁止釋放二氧化碳。故選C。BListeningtobirdsandwatercanlowerstressandimprovemood,studyfinds.Researchershavelongknowntherearebenefitsfrombeinginnature.Livingaroundtreescanhelpyoulivelonger.Walkinginthewoodsisgoodforyourmood.Beingnearwatercanhavepositiveeffectsonyourwell-being.Anewstudyfindsthatnaturalsoundsofferhealthbenefitstoo.Thereisplentyofevidencethatspendingtimeinnaturalareasisgoodforourhealth-buttypicallythisresearchisdonefromavisualperspective,butwearecuriouswhattheroleisofsoundswehearinthesespaces.Someexamplestheyfoundreportedinthosestudiesincludeddecreasedpain,loweredstress,improvedmood,andbettercognitive(認(rèn)知的)function.Withtheseresultsinhand,theythenlistenedtoaudiorecordingsfrom251sitesin68nationalparksacrosstheUnitedStates.Thesiteswiththemostnaturalsoundsandthelowestman-madesoundswerelocatedinAlaska,Hawaii,andthePacificNorthwestandwerefarfromurbanareas.Onlythreelocationswithhighnaturalsoundsandlownoisepollutionwerewithin100kilometers(62miles)ofurbanareas.However,despitehuman-madenoisesbeingheardmostofthetimeatsitesinurbanlocations,birdswerestillheardabout60%ofthetimeandgeophysicalsoundslikewindandrainheardabout19%ofthetime.Notallnaturalsoundsdeliverthesamebenefits,theresearchersfound.Forexample,theydiscoveredthatthesoundsofwaterhadthelargestimpactonimprovingpositiveemotionsandhealthoutcomes,whilebirdsoundseasestressandannoyance.Andthesoundsofbothbirdsandwaterwereheardmorethan23%ofthetimeinthenationalparkrecordingsites.Interestingly,therewasalsosomeevidencethatnaturalsoundshavebenefitsoversilence.Therewasalsoevidencethatmoredifferenttypesofnaturalsounds-moretypesofbirdssingingratherthanjustonetypeofbird-havebenefitsoverfewersounds.5．Whatisanidealsiteaccordingtoparagraph4?A．Ithasnonoisepollution.B．Itisawayfromcities.C．Ithasbirdsongsmostofthetime.D．Itiswithin62milesofurbanareas.6．Whatdoesthenewstudyfocuson?A．Theharmman-madesoundsdotohealth.B．Thebenefitsnaturalsoundsbringtotheenvironment.C．Theeffectnaturalsoundshaveonhealth.D．Theeffectnaturehasonpeoplefromvisualperspective.7．Whatbringsmorebenefitstopeople?A．Thesilenceofnature.B．Thediversityofnaturalsounds.C．Thesoundsofwater.D．Naturalsoundsmixedwithnoises.8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ItIsBeneficialtoLiveClosetoWaterB．WeAreSurroundedbyAllKindsofSoundsC．TheSoundsofNatureAffectYourWell-beingD．Man-madeNoisePollutionIsHarmfultoOurHealth【答案】5．B6．C7．B8．C【分析】本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，聽鳥叫聲和水聲可以減輕壓力，改善情緒。研究人員早就知道置身于大自然中有好處，但一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自然的聲音也對健康有益。5．【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Thesiteswiththemostnaturalsoundsandthelowestman-madesoundswerelocatedinAlaska,Hawaii,andthePacificNorthwestandwerefarfromurbanareas.(自然聲音最多、人工聲音最低的地點位于阿拉斯加、夏威夷和太平洋西北部，遠(yuǎn)離城市地區(qū))”可知，聽自然聲音的理想地點都遠(yuǎn)離城市地區(qū)。故選B。6．【分析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Anewstudyfindsthatnaturalsoundsofferhealthbenefitstoo.（一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自然的聲音也對健康有益）”可知這項新研究的重點是自然聲音對健康的影響。故選C。7．【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Therewasalsoevidencethatmoredifferenttypesofnaturalsounds—moretypesofbirdssingingratherthanjustonetypeofbird—havebenefitsoverfewersounds.(也有證據(jù)表明，更多不同類型的自然聲音——更多類型的鳥類鳴叫，而不是只有一種鳥類鳴叫——比更少的聲音更有好處)”可知，自然聲音的多樣性能給我們帶來更多的好處。故選B。8．【分析】主旨大意題。本文是一篇說明文，第一段引出話題，第二段點明主題，根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Anewstudyfindsthatnaturalsoundsofferhealthbenefitstoo.(一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自然的聲音也對健康有益)”及全文可知，文章談?wù)摰脑掝}是大自然的聲音影響你的健康。所以“TheSoundsofNatureAffectYourWell-being(自然的聲音影響你的健康)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選C。五、閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheYouthOlympicGamesaretheyouthversionoftheOlympicGames.Youngathletes1．(age)between15and18competeinawiderangeofsports.The2．(major)ofthesesportsareidenticaltothoseattheOlympicsbutothersports,suchaswushu,3．(add)too.TheYouthOlympicGamesgivetalentedteenagersachance4．(connect)withfellowathletesfromdiversebackgrounds.Thefocusis5．buildingbridgesbetweendifferentcultures,sotherearecompetitions6．(feature)mixedteams,suchasmixedswimmingrelays.Inthesecompetitions,bothmaleandfemaleathletes,sometimesofdifferentnationalities,playsidebyside.ThefirstYouthOlympicGames7．(hold)inSingaporein2010,andChinarankedfirstinthemedaltablewith30goldmedals.In2014,Nanjinghad8．honourofhostingthesecondSummerYouthOlympicGames.ThiswasanothergreatsuccessandChina9．(top)themedaltableagain.Peopleacrosstheworldapplaudathletes10．tryhardtoachievesportingexcellence.【答案】1．a(chǎn)ged2．majority3．havebeenadded4．toconnect5．on6．featuring7．wereheld8．the9．topped10．who/that【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了青少年奧林匹克運動會的比賽項目、運動員組成和中國運動員所取得的成就等