湖北省武漢市2024-2025學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期第一次月考試題含解析

Page22試卷滿分：150分★GoodLuck★注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。聽(tīng)力結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatistheproblemwiththeman?A.Hem?ycatchacold.B.Heisverytired.C.Hehasatoothache.2.Whatcolordoesthemanprefer?A.Blue.B.Gray.C.Darkgreen.3.HowdoesEmily'smotherstayhealthy?A.Byeatingwell.B.Byjoggingoutdoors.C.Byexercisingatagym.4.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoingnext?A.Writingtheirreports.B.Changingarestaurant.C.Goingtothekaraokebar.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Whentobrushtheirteeth.B.Howtobrushtheirteeth.C.Whytobrushtheirteeth.第二節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatsportsdoesthismanlikebest?A.Hockey.B.Soccer.C.Basketball.7.Whereisthemanfrom?A.America.B.Canada.C.Russia.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatisthewoman'sattitudetowardseeingthefilm?A.Favorable.B.Disapproving.C.Casual.9.Howlongwillittakethespeakerstobuytickets?A.10minutes.B.15minutes.C.30minutes.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Formerschoolmates.B.Businesspartners.C.Colleagues.11.WheredoesMaryworknow?A.Inaschool.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inatravelagency.12.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Takeatrip.B.Haveadrink.C.Attendameeting.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatdidthemanprobablydo?A.Hewasabankclerk.B.Mewasadriver.C.Hewasenurse14.Whydidthemanchangehisjob?A.Becausehewantedtomakemoremoney.B.Becausehedislikedhisco-workers.C.BecauseIrefeltquitestressful.15.Whichcitydoesthewomanlivein?A.Chicago.B.SanFrancisco.C.NewYork.16.Whatdoesthemanplantodoinayear?A.Moveclosertohisfamily.B.Returntothehospital.C.Leavethebank.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Juniorstudents.B.Seniorstudents.C.Collegegraduates.18.Whenweretherefewerdiseasesaccordingtothesneaker?A.Twentyyearsago.B.Teayearsago.C.Fiveyearsago.19.Whatisthepurposeofsettinguplanguagelearningcompanies?A.Tohelppeopleearnmoremoney.B.TobringhappinesstopeopleC.Tointroducedifferentcultures.20.Whatisthespeaker'sdreamforthelisteners?A.Theywillbecomefamous.B.Theycanstarttheirowncompanies.C.Theywillhelppeoplelivebetter.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEnglishTeacherinRuralSchoolsCometoworkwithusandexperiencetheruralGhanaianwayoflife!Wearelookingforthosewho’dliketohelpoutinschoolstoassistwiththeteachingandunderstandingoftheEnglishlanguage.Volunteerswillbeplacedinprimaryorjuniorhighschoolswhicharelocatedtogether,thereforeaddinganextralevelofflexibility(機(jī)動(dòng)性)tomeeteveryone’sneeds.Typicalday7:30am—Volunteertransportleavesthevolunteerhousetoprojectsites8:00am—Schoolstarts12:30pm-3:00pm—Lunchbreak15:00pm—Schoolcloses15:30pm—ReturntovolunteerhousePleasenotethisisanexampleofaschedule.Schedulesvaryindifferentschools.Free-timeactivitiesSwimmingGoingonsafari(游獵)VisitingmuseumsorslavecastlesShoppinginmallsorgoingtothecinema(showinglatestfilms)WanderingatbeautifulbeachesRequirements●Age:18yearsandabove●LanguageSkills:English(fluently)●Nationality:Norestrictions●TimeCommitment:Monday-Fridayfrom8:00-15:00AccommodationsVolunteerslivetogetherinsharedaccommodationintheAbetifidistrictofGhana.Thehouseisbasedinaquiettownwhereyouarewithinwalkingdistancetolocalshopsandtaxiroutes—whilebeingabletoenjoythebeautifulsurroundingviewsoftherainforestandmountains.●Bedrooms:sharedusuallybetween2-4peoplewithdoorsandwindowscoveredbymosquitonetting●Bathrooms:withindividualWCsandshowerrooms●Kitchen:withbasicsoffridge/freezer,gasstove,kettleandmicrowaves●LivingRoom:alargeonewithsofas,TVandadiningsetProgramSalary●4weeks:€265●12weeks:€795●50weeks:€26891.Whatisavolunteer’susualduty?A.DoingresearchonruralGhanaianlife. B.HelpingtobuildprimaryschoolsinGhana.C.TeachingEnglishinlocalGhanaianschools. D.WorkingtogetherwithlocalGhanaianfarmers.2.Whatisrequiredofthevolunteers?A.FluentEnglish. B.Ghanaiannationality.C.An8-hourworkday. D.Anagelimitof19years.3.Howmuchwillavolunteerworkingforsixmonthsgetfromtheprogram?A.€265. B.€795. C.€1,590. D.€2,689.【答案】1.C2.A3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了在加納農(nóng)村學(xué)校擔(dān)任英語(yǔ)教師的志愿者工作，包括志愿者的日常職責(zé)、空閑時(shí)間活動(dòng)、要求、住宿條件以及項(xiàng)目薪酬等信息。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“CometoworkwithusandexperiencetheruralGhanaianwayoflife!Wearelookingforthosewho’dliketohelpoutinschoolstoassistwiththeteachingandunderstandingoftheEnglishlanguage.(快來(lái)和我們一起工作，體驗(yàn)加納農(nóng)村的生活方式!我們正在尋找那些愿意在學(xué)校幫助教學(xué)和理解英語(yǔ)的人)”可知，志愿者的通常職責(zé)是在當(dāng)?shù)丶蛹{學(xué)校教英語(yǔ)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Requirements部分中“LanguageSkills:English(fluently)(語(yǔ)言技能：英語(yǔ)(流利))”可知，志愿者需要英語(yǔ)流利。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ProgramSalary部分中“4weeks:€265(4周：265歐元)”可知，志愿者工作四周(一個(gè)月)可得到265歐元的報(bào)酬。由此可知，一名志愿者工作六個(gè)月后可得到(265×6=)1590歐元的報(bào)酬。故選C項(xiàng)。BBeforeMcElroymovedintooneEngAGEcommunity,shehadneverimaginedherlifewouldbelikethis.Althoughinthegoldenyearsofretirement(退休),sheteachesarts,recentlyshehasopenedupanartexhibition,andisplanningaflighttoParistofindinspirationforhernextcreativeproject.Herlifestyleinmanywayshasbeenmadepossiblebythenon-profitorganizationEngAGE,whichhasrevitalized(使重?zé)ɑ盍?theagingprocessbyprovidingdiversefreeon-siteprogramsinitsseniorcommunities,includingnovelwriting,performingplays,storytellingforradio,andartshows.Ithelpsseniorsremainactive,givingthemthecontroltoagethewaytheywanttoage.TheideaforEngAGEdevelopedwhenfounderTimCarpenterwasworkinginthehealthcareandagingindustry,tryingtochangeabrokensystem.Yethedidnotseethechangehedesired.WhenhemetdeveloperJohnHuskey,whowasbuildinggood-lookingseniorcommunities,thetwopartneredup.“Westartedthrowingspaghettiagainstthewall,andsomeofitstuck.Andwecontinuetodoitthatwayandtryalmosteverything,”saidCarpenter.Ninety-fivepercentofthepopulationEngAGEservesislow-income.Seniorsaresurroundedbyqualityprograms,learningopportunities,andstate-of-the-artfacilities.InCarpenter’sview,retirementislikecollege,anewstagewhenyouaretryingtofigureoutwhattodonext.Itcanbeastartingpoint,withthesparetimetotrysomethingdifferentorrevisitanoldpassion.Thoseseniorscanbuildontheirknowledgeofasubjectorstartfromzero.Itisonlythebeginningofsomething,nottheend.McElroyconcluded,“Itisaplacewheremembersareprovidedwithendlessopportunities.Mysononceasked,‘Howlongdoyouplanonlivinghere?’andIjoked,‘They’regoingtohavetocarrymeoutofhere.’”4.WhatcanseniorsdoinEngAGEcommunities?A.Receivequalitymedicaltreatments. B.Learnthebasicsofnovelwriting.C.Enjoyanactivelifewithyoungsters. D.Reunitewiththeirformercolleagues.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“throwingspaghettiagainstthewall”mean?A.Changingtheagingprocess. B.Tastingsomeoverseasfood.C.Decoratingthecommunities. D.Testingoutvariousmethods.6.WhichstatementmightCarpenteragreewith?A.Seventyisthenewtwenty. B.Agoodstartishalfthebattle.C.Neverteacholddogsnewtricks. D.Passionservesasadrivingforce.7.Whichmightbethebesttineforthetext?A.Carpenter’sAmbitiousPrograms B.EngAGE:APlaceofPossibilitiesC.McEtroy:I’mNotan“Old”Artist D.CommunityIstheSourceofStrength【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了EngAGE組織如何通過(guò)提供各種項(xiàng)目使老年人的生活更加充實(shí)和活躍。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Herlifestyleinmanywayshasbeenmadepossiblebythenon-profitorganizationEngAGE,whichhasrevitalizedtheagingprocessbyprovidingdiversefreeon-siteprogramsinitsseniorcommunities,includingnovelwriting,performingplays,storytellingforradio,andartshows.(她的生活方式在很大程度上得益于非營(yíng)利組織EngAGE的支持，該組織通過(guò)在其老年社區(qū)提供多樣化的免費(fèi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目來(lái)重新激發(fā)老年人的生活活力，這些項(xiàng)目包括小說(shuō)寫作、戲劇表演、廣播故事講述和藝術(shù)展覽等)”可知，老年人可以在EngAGE社區(qū)學(xué)習(xí)小說(shuō)寫作的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中““Westartedthrowingspaghettiagainstthewall,andsomeofitstuck.Andwecontinuetodoitthatwayandtryalmosteverything,”saidCarpenter.(“把意大利面扔到墻上一樣，有些東西粘住了。我們繼續(xù)這樣做，幾乎嘗試了一切，”卡彭特說(shuō))”可知，劃線部分“throwingspaghettiagainstthewall”是一個(gè)比喻，“把意大利面扔到墻上”如果能粘住，就表示煮好了，這里的意思是說(shuō)他們嘗試了很多不同的方法，看哪些能夠成功地吸引和服務(wù)于老年人。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“InCarpenter’sview,retirementislikecollege,anewstagewhenyouaretryingtofigureoutwhattodonext.Itcanbeastartingpoint,withthesparetimetotrysomethingdifferentorrevisitanoldpassion.Thoseseniorscanbuildontheirknowledgeofasubjectorstartfromzero.Itisonlythebeginningofsomething,nottheend.(在Carpenter看來(lái)，退休就像大學(xué)，是一個(gè)新階段，在這個(gè)階段人們?cè)噲D弄清楚接下來(lái)要做什么。它可以是一個(gè)起點(diǎn)，讓人們有空閑時(shí)間去嘗試不同的事物或重拾舊日的激情。這些老年人可以基于他們對(duì)某一主題的知識(shí)進(jìn)行深入探索，或者從零開(kāi)始。這只是某件事情的開(kāi)始，而不是結(jié)束)”可知，Carpenter認(rèn)為退休是一個(gè)新的開(kāi)始，人們可以嘗試新事物或重新拾起舊愛(ài)好，年齡并不是限制，與A項(xiàng)“七十歲是新的二十歲”觀點(diǎn)一致，七十歲開(kāi)始的世界和二十歲開(kāi)始的世界是一樣的。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了非營(yíng)利組織EngAGE如何通過(guò)提供各種項(xiàng)目使老年人的生活更加充實(shí)和活躍，讓他們能夠按照自己想要的方式變老，讓一切變得可能。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“EngAGE：一個(gè)充滿可能性的地方”適合作為文章的標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。CHavingretiredfromthejobatthebrewery(啤酒廠),HaroldFryisleadingasimplelifewithhiswifeMaureenwhenanunexpectedmailarrives.ThesenderisaformerwomancolleagueHaroldhasn’theardaboutfortwentyyears.QueenieHennessyisinhospice(臨終關(guān)懷醫(yī)院)andiswritingtosaygoodbye.Haroldimmediatelywritesareplyandwalkseagerlytothenearestmailboxtosendit.However,thereissomethinginsidehimthatmakeshimgiveupthethoughtofpostinganddespiteMaureen’sdisagreement,hestartstowalktothefarawayBerwicktomeetQueenieinperson,lasting87days.IfirstheardaboutthisbookTheUnlikelyPilgrimage(特別之行)ofHaroldFrywhenIwaswatchingtheinterviewofauthorSantaMontefiore.Thisbookwasapartofherreadinglistatherfriend’ssuggestion,soIdecidedtobuyitinthebookstoreduringthissummer.AndundoubtedlyImadetherightchoice!Thebookhasbeendividedintoseveralchaptersanditismoreofacollectionofshortstories.Ineachchapter,Haroldcomesacrossdifferentpeople,fromagaragegirltoamanagerinthecafé,eachtellingastoryandinfluencingHaroldinsomeway.Aschaptersprogress,yougettoseeachangeinHarold.WhenHaroldmakesthislongsinglejourneythroughthecountryside,heeatswildberriesandsometimescampsinfields,butmyfavoritepartsarethatheoftenengages(使參與)himselfinhispast.Helooksbacktohislife,hisfather,wife,son,andQueenie.Ifeltthisisareminderforallofustohaveamomentofourownduringourbusyschedule.Forafirstnovel,Joycehaswrittenanincrediblestory.Fromthetitleofthebooktothecharacters,everythingiswellorganized.Thestoryhastheenergyofanadventureandatthesametime,it’semotionallyinspiring.Idon’tthinktheadaptedfilmisbetterthanthepaperbook.It’soneofthosebookswhereyoufeelthecharactersandtheirlivesnotbydiscussing,butonlybyreadingit.8.Whatisthetext?A.Abookreview. B.Amovingstory.C.Atravelguide. D.Adiary.9.Howdidtheauthorfirsthearofthebook?A.Fromabookshopowner. B.Fromabook.C.Fromafriend’srecommendation. D.Fromanauthor’sinterview.10.Whichpartofthebookdoestheauthormostappreciate?A.Harold’sworkexperience. B.Harold’sexperiencesinfields.C.Harold’sreflectiononpastlife. D.ThechallengesHaroldfacesalongtheway.11.Howdoestheauthorsuggesttrulyappreciatingthebook?A.Bydiscussingitwithothers. B.Bywatchingafilmadaptation.C.Byreadingtofeelthecharacters’lives. D.Byrelatingittoone’sownlifeexperiences.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇書評(píng)。文章主要介紹了作者對(duì)TheUnlikelyPilgrimageofHaroldFry這本書的介紹和評(píng)價(jià)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“IfirstheardaboutthisbookTheUnlikelyPilgrimage(特別之行)ofHaroldFrywhenIwaswatchingtheinterviewofauthorSantaMontefiore.(我第一次聽(tīng)說(shuō)TheUnlikelyPilgrimage這本書是在看作家桑塔·蒙蒂菲奧里的采訪時(shí)。)”及第四段內(nèi)容可知，本文主要圍繞作者對(duì)TheUnlikelyPilgrimageofHaroldFry這本書的介紹和評(píng)價(jià)展開(kāi)，是一篇書評(píng)。故選A。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“IfirstheardaboutthisbookTheUnlikelyPilgrimage(特別之行)ofHaroldFrywhenIwaswatchingtheinterviewofauthorSantaMontefiore.(我第一次聽(tīng)說(shuō)TheUnlikelyPilgrimage這本書是在看作家桑塔·蒙蒂菲奧里的采訪時(shí)。)”可知，作者是通過(guò)觀看一位作家的訪談才第一次聽(tīng)說(shuō)這本書的。故選D。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一、二句“WhenHaroldmakesthislongsinglejourneythroughthecountryside,heeatswildberriesandsometimescampsinfields,butmyfavoritepartsarethatheoftenengageshimselfinhispast.Helooksbacktohislife,hisfather,wife,son,andQueenie.(當(dāng)Harold獨(dú)自一人長(zhǎng)途跋涉穿過(guò)鄉(xiāng)村時(shí)，他吃野莓，有時(shí)在田野里露營(yíng)，但我最喜歡的是他經(jīng)常沉浸在他的過(guò)去中。他回顧了他的一生，他的父親、妻子、兒子和Queenie。)”可知，作者最欣賞的部分是Harold對(duì)過(guò)去生活的回憶。故選C。【11題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“It’soneofthosebookswhereyoufeelthecharactersandtheirlivesnotbydiscussing,butonlybyreadingit.(在這本書中，你不是通過(guò)討論，而是通過(guò)閱讀來(lái)感受人物和他們的生活。)”可知，作者建議大家通過(guò)閱讀來(lái)感受書中人物及其生活，從而真正欣賞這部作品。故選C。DAnewstudyhasfoundthatincludingclimateimpactlabels(標(biāo)簽)onafastfoodmenuinfluencedparticipants’foodchoicesinfavorofmoreclimate-friendlyitems.StudyleadauthorJuliaWolfson,associateprofessorintheDepartmentofinternationalHealthattheBloombergSchool,andherco-authorswantedtotesthowlabelingclimatechangeimpactsoffastfoodmenuitemsmightleadpeopletochooselessredmeat.Eatingtoomuchredmeathasbeenlinkedtomanyhealthproblems.Eatinglessredmeatwouldalsohelplowergreenhousegasemissions(排放).Morethan5,000participantswereshownasamplemenuandaskedtochooseasingleitemfordinner.Onegroupofparticipantsreceivedamenuwithnon-redmeatitemssuchaschickensandwicheslabeled“l(fā)owclimateimpact”.Anothergroupreceivedamenuwithredmeatitems—burgerslabeled“highclimateimpact”.Athirdcontrolgroupreceivedmenuswithoutclimatelabels.Boththehighandlowclimateimpactlabelsmarkedlyreducedredmeatchoicescomparedtothecontrolgroup.Menuswithahighclimateimpactlabelonburgersincreasednon-beefchoicesby23percentcomparedtothecontrolgroup.Menusthatincludedlowclimateimpactlabelsincreasednon-beefchoices,suchasachickensandwichorasalad,byabout10percentmoreparticipantsthanthoseinthecontrolgroup.“Theseresultssuggestthatmenulabeling,particularlylabelswarningthatanitemhashighclimateimpact,canbeaneffectivestrategyforencouragingmoresustainable(可持續(xù)的)foodchoicesinafastfoodsetting.”saysWolfson.Whileencouragingonthewhole.theresultssuggestthatpositive“l(fā)owclimateimpact”labelsarelesseffectiveinencouragingsustainablefoodchoicescomparedto“highclimateimpact”labels.Atthesametime,climatelabelsmayhavetheunwantedsideeffectofmakingachoiceseemhealthierthanitactuallyis.“Anundeservedhealthhalo(光環(huán))giventounhealthymenuitemscouldencouragepeopletoovereatthem,”Wolfsonsays.“Sowehavetolookforlabelingstrategiesthatcreate‘win-wins’forencouragingbothmoresustainableandhealthychoices.”12.What’stheaimofthenewstudy?A.Toencouragesustainablefoodchoicesinfastfoodrestaurants.B.Todiscovertheimpactofclimatelabelsonfastfoodchoices.C.Tofindouttheconnectionbetweenredmeatandhealthproblems.D.Todecidethebest’methodforlabelingfoodproductsingeneral.13.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theprocessofthestudy. B.Theresultsofthestudy.C.Theimportanceofthestudy. D.Theinfluenceofthestudy.14.Whatpotentialeffectcouldclimatelabelscause?A.Theymaycauseconfusionamongconsumers.B.Theycouldmakeafooditemseemhealthierthanitis.C.Theymightresultinpeopleconsumingmoreredmeat.D.Theymayleadtoanincreaseinvegetarianchoices.15.WhatisWolfson’sattitudetowardsclimateimpactlabelsonfood?A.Supportive. B.Indifferent. C.approved. D.Cautious.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究顯示，在快餐菜單上添加氣候影響標(biāo)簽會(huì)影響人們對(duì)食物的選擇?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“StudyleadauthorJuliaWolfson,associateprofessorintheDepartmentofinternationalHealthattheBloombergSchool,andherco-authorswantedtotesthowlabelingclimatechangeimpactsoffastfoodmenuitemsmightleadpeopletochooselessredmeat.(該研究的主要作者、彭博學(xué)院國(guó)際衛(wèi)生系副教授朱莉婭·沃爾夫森和她的合著者想要測(cè)試在快餐菜單上標(biāo)注氣候變化影響如何導(dǎo)致人們少選擇紅肉)”可知，這項(xiàng)新研究的目的是發(fā)現(xiàn)氣候標(biāo)簽對(duì)快餐選擇的影響。故選B?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Morethan5,000participantswereshownasamplemenuandaskedtochooseasingleitemfordinner.Onegroupofparticipantsreceivedamenuwithnon-redmeatitemssuchaschickensandwicheslabeled“l(fā)owclimateimpact”.Anothergroupreceivedamenuwithredmeatitems—burgerslabeled“highclimateimpact”.Athirdcontrolgroupreceivedmenuswithoutclimatelabels.(研究人員向5000多名參與者展示了一份菜單樣本，并要求他們?cè)谕聿椭羞x擇一種食物。一組參與者收到了一份菜單，上面有非紅肉項(xiàng)目，如雞肉三明治，標(biāo)有“低氣候影響”。另一組人收到的菜單上有紅肉——標(biāo)簽為“高氣候影響”的漢堡。第三個(gè)對(duì)照組收到的菜單沒(méi)有氣候標(biāo)簽)”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是研究的過(guò)程。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Atthesametime,climatelabelsmayhavetheunwantedsideeffectofmakingachoiceseemhealthierthanitactuallyis.(同時(shí)，氣候標(biāo)簽可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生不必要的副作用，使選擇看起來(lái)比實(shí)際更健康)”可知，氣候標(biāo)簽可以使食物看起來(lái)比實(shí)際更健康。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Anundeservedhealthhalo(光環(huán))giventounhealthymenuitemscouldencouragepeopletoovereatthem,”Wolfsonsays.“Sowehavetolookforlabelingstrategiesthatcreate‘win-wins’forencouragingbothmoresustainableandhealthychoices.”(沃爾夫森說(shuō)：“給不健康菜單上的食物戴上不應(yīng)有的健康光環(huán)，可能會(huì)鼓勵(lì)人們過(guò)量食用。因此，我們必須尋找能夠創(chuàng)造‘雙贏’的標(biāo)簽策略，以鼓勵(lì)更可持續(xù)和更健康的選擇。”)”可知，Wolfson對(duì)食品上的氣候影響標(biāo)簽持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。LanguageLearnerHabitstoAvoidSuccessfullanguagelearnersdothekindofthingstheunsuccessfulonesdon’tandavoidtheonesthatunsuccessfulonesdo!Thisarticleisaboutlanguagelearninghabitsthatsuccessfullearnersavoid.Alwaysbeingdistracted.Beingdistractedbynoises,peoplewalkingpastoryourownthoughtswilltakeyouawayfrombeingpresent.Presenceisoffundamentalimportanceinlearning.______16______Studycan’tmakeupforalackofpresence—nothingcan.Onlytalkingthetalk.Thereislittlepointinmakingplansortalkingaboutwhatyouaregoingtodoifyoudonotfollowthrough.______17______Youneedtowalkthetalk.Ifyouareonlytalkingthetalk,maybeithastodowithoneoftheotherhabitsmentionedbelow!______18______Wecanallgetlazyifwearedoingthingsthatarenotinspiringus.Whogetslazywhentheyarecourtingapartner?Whogetslazywiththingstheylovedoing?Lazinessisasignthatsomethinghastochange.Forcingyourselftopersistwillonlylastforsolong,beforeitgiveswaytomorelaziness.Givingup.“Themostcertainwaytosucceed,”ThomasEdisononcesaid,“isalwaystotryjustonemoretime.”_______19_______Andoften,itcomesafterfirstfailingtimeandtimeagain.Ifyouaredoinganyofthese,mysuggestionistolookmorecarefullyandseeifyoucanmoveawayfromthesepractices._______20_______A.Givingintolaziness.B.Learningtogetridoflaziness.C.Inasense,wedolearnbytrialanderror.D.Onceyoudo,youwillbeheadinginabetterdirection.E.Success,howeveryoudefineit,nevercomesfromnottrying.F.Actioniswhatwillproduceresults,notjustwordsorthoughts.G.Withoutthat,youcannotnoticethethingsthatcanhelpyoutoimprove.【答案】16.G17.F18.A19.E20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者要避免的幾個(gè)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，比如總是分心、只是說(shuō)說(shuō)而已以及輕易放棄等。【16題詳解】根據(jù)段落主題句“Alwaysbeingdistracted.(總是分心)”可知，該段的主要內(nèi)容與“分心”有關(guān)?？仗幧弦痪洹癙resenceisoffundamentalimportanceinlearning.(專注對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)至關(guān)重要)”介紹“不分心”對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的重要性，空處下一句“Studycan’tmakeupforalackofpresence—nothingcan.(學(xué)習(xí)不能彌補(bǔ)注意力的分散——沒(méi)有什么可以)”也在強(qiáng)調(diào)沒(méi)有什么可以彌補(bǔ)注意力的分散。因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)該同樣介紹注意力的重要性。分析選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可知，G項(xiàng)“心不在焉的話，你就不會(huì)注意到那些能幫助你進(jìn)步的事情?！狈险Z(yǔ)境；G項(xiàng)中的that指代上文中的Presence。故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Onlytalkingthetalk.Thereislittlepointinmakingplansortalkingaboutwhatyouaregoingtodoifyoudonotfollowthrough.(只說(shuō)不做。如果你不堅(jiān)持到底，制定計(jì)劃或談?wù)撃阋鍪裁淳蜎](méi)有什么意義了)”以及后文“Youneedtowalkthetalk.Ifyouareonlytalkingthetalk,maybeithastodowithoneoftheotherhabitsmentionedbelow!(你需要言行一致。如果你只是說(shuō)說(shuō)而已，也許這與下面提到的其他習(xí)慣之一有關(guān)！)”本段主要介紹“只說(shuō)不做”這一不好的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。空前內(nèi)容指出只有計(jì)劃沒(méi)有行動(dòng)是沒(méi)意義的，空后強(qiáng)調(diào)了行動(dòng)的重要性。F項(xiàng)“行動(dòng)才會(huì)產(chǎn)生結(jié)果，而不僅僅是靠言語(yǔ)或想法”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F?！?8題詳解】空處為段落主旨句，應(yīng)與其他段落的主旨句在形式上保持一致，同時(shí)在內(nèi)容上應(yīng)概括介紹一種不好的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。根據(jù)下文“Wecanallgetlazyifwearedoingthingsthatarenotinspiringus.Whogetslazywhentheyarecourtingapartner?Whogetslazywiththingstheylovedoing?Lazinessisasignthatsomethinghastochange.Forcingyourselftopersistwillonlylastforsolong,beforeitgiveswaytomorelaziness.(如果我們做的事情不能激勵(lì)我們，我們都會(huì)變得懶惰。誰(shuí)在追求伴侶的時(shí)候會(huì)變得懶惰呢?誰(shuí)會(huì)對(duì)自己喜歡做的事情偷懶呢?懶惰是需要改變的信號(hào)。強(qiáng)迫自己堅(jiān)持只會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，在它讓位于更多的懶惰之前)”可知，本段主要介紹“懶惰”相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。因此A項(xiàng)“屈服于懶惰”概括了本段主旨。故選A。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Givingup.“Themostcertainwaytosucceed,”ThomasEdisononcesaid,“isalwaystotryjustonemoretime.”(放棄。托馬斯·愛(ài)迪生曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“成功最可靠的方法就是再試一次?！?”空前內(nèi)容提到ThomasEdison的有關(guān)成功的名言。E項(xiàng)“不嘗試就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成功——不論你如何定義它。”可以承接上文；succeed和Success是同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。同時(shí)，E項(xiàng)中的(it)nevercomes與下文的itcomes是對(duì)比的邏輯關(guān)系。故選E?！?0題詳解】空處上一句“Ifyouaredoinganyofthese,mysuggestionistolookmorecarefullyandseeifyoucanmoveawayfromthesepractices.(如果你正在做這些，我的建議是更仔細(xì)地看看你是否可以擺脫這些做法)”鼓勵(lì)人們要擺脫上文中提到的不良習(xí)慣，D項(xiàng)“一旦你這樣做了，你就會(huì)向著更好的方向前進(jìn)?！背薪由衔膬?nèi)容(do指代上文的tolookmorecarefullyandseeifyoucanmoveawayfromthesepractices)。故選D。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MyteacherMrBushisthemostpositive(積極樂(lè)觀的)personI’veevermet.Hehastheabilityto____21____positivenesstoyoungstudents.Healwayssmilesandnevergets____22____atstudents.OnceImetsome____23____becauseIfeltovershadowed(顯得遜色)bymybrother,whoseemedtobedoinggreatineveryway.Hopelessness____24____mewheneverIwasinaclassroom.Butthatall____25____whenImetmyteacherforlife,Mr.Bush.Havingfoundoutaboutmyproblems,hejustkept____26____me.BecauseofMr.Bush,myworldwasfilledwith____27____andpower.Afewweeksago,everyoneinmyclasswasfeelingabit____28____becauseofabaddayatschool.Butthingsgot____29____afteracloseofMr.Bush’sclass.Hedrewapictureonthewhiteboardthat____30____ahalf-fullglassofwater.Hethensaid,“Class,thepointofviewinwhichyoulookatthingswill____31____yourfeelings.Likethisglassofwater,somepeopleseeitandthink‘What!Onlyhalfaglassofwater.How____32____Iam.’Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow,I’msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme!’Italldependsonthe____33____youthink.”Mr.Bush’s____34____wayofthinkingalwaysmakesmefeelgladand____35____.Iwillalwaysrememberhim.21.A.passon B.applyfor C.makeup D.giveup22.A.strict B.patient C.mad D.curious23.A.friends B.needs C.realities D.difficulties24.A.filled B.surprised C.refused D.relaxed25.A.happened B.changed C.solved D.included26.A.forgiving B.calming C.encouraging D.calling27.A.sunshine B.clouds C.surprise D.flowers28.A.nervous B.down C.awkward D.afraid29.A.warmer B.higher C.better D.happier30.A.served B.filled C.bought D.showed31.A.hurt B.help C.improve D.affect32.A.pleased B.unfortunate C.bright D.perfect33.A.way B.direction C.end D.past34.A.anxious B.optimistic C.special D.important35.A.proud B.careful C.hopeful D.lonely【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.A25.B26.C27.A28.B29.C30.D31.D32.B33.A34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的老師是一個(gè)極其樂(lè)觀的人，他有能力把積極的一面?zhèn)鹘o年輕學(xué)生，他樂(lè)觀的思維方式總是讓作者感到高興和充滿希望。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：他有能力把積極向上的精神傳遞給年輕學(xué)生。A.passon傳遞；B.applyfor申請(qǐng)；C.makeup構(gòu)成；D.giveup放棄。分析下文可知，Mr.Bush總是會(huì)讓沮喪的學(xué)生高興起來(lái)，故應(yīng)是他有能力把積極的一面?zhèn)鹘o年輕學(xué)生。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他總是微笑，從不生學(xué)生的氣。A.strict嚴(yán)格的；B.patient耐心的；C.mad生氣的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)上文“Healwayssmilesandnevergets”可知，Mr.Bush總是微笑，從不會(huì)生學(xué)生的氣。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一次，我遇到了一些困難，因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得我的兄弟在各方面都做得很好，這讓我有了陰影。A.friends朋友；B.needs需要；C.realities現(xiàn)實(shí)；D.difficulties困難。根據(jù)下文“becauseIfeltovershadowedbymybrother,whoseemedtobedoinggreatineveryway.”可知，作者是遇到了一些困難。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每當(dāng)我在教室里，我就感到絕望。A.filled充滿；B.surprised使驚訝；C.refused拒絕；D.relaxed使放松。根據(jù)上文“becauseIfeltovershadowedbymybrother,whoseemedtobedoinggreatineveryway.”可知，作者一直活在兄弟的陰影之下，故應(yīng)是絕望充滿了作者。故選A。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但但是，當(dāng)我遇到我一生的老師布什先生時(shí)，一切都改變了。A.happened發(fā)生；B.changed改變；C.solved解決；D.included包括。根據(jù)下文Mr.Bush鼓勵(lì)作者，最后作者振作了起來(lái)可知，當(dāng)見(jiàn)到Mr.Bush一直都變了。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他發(fā)現(xiàn)了我的問(wèn)題，并一直鼓勵(lì)我。A.forgiving原諒；B.calming平靜；C.encouraging鼓勵(lì)；D.calling呼叫。根據(jù)下文“BecauseofMr.Bush,myworldwasfilledwith___7___andpower.”可知，是由于Mr.Bush的鼓勵(lì)，作者的世界充滿了陽(yáng)光和力量。故選C。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)椴际蚕壬?，我的世界充滿了陽(yáng)光和力量。A.sunshine陽(yáng)光；B.clouds云；C.surprise驚訝；D.flowers花朵。根據(jù)下文的“power”可知，Mr.Bush的鼓勵(lì)讓作者的世界充滿陽(yáng)光和力量。故選A。【28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)星期前，我們班的每個(gè)人都因?yàn)榻裉煸趯W(xué)校的糟糕表現(xiàn)而感到有點(diǎn)沮喪。A.nervous焦慮的；B.down沮喪的；C.awkward令人尷尬的；D.afraid害怕的。根據(jù)下文“becauseofabaddayatschool.”在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)糟糕，故感到沮喪。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但在布什先生的課結(jié)束后，情況有所好轉(zhuǎn)。A.warmer更溫暖的；B.higher更高的；C.better更好的；D.happier更高興的。根據(jù)下文Mr.Bush畫了一張半杯水的圖，告訴同學(xué)們思維方式不一樣，看問(wèn)題的角度就不一樣，同學(xué)們又都高興起來(lái)可知，Mr.Bush課結(jié)束后，情況又好起來(lái)了。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他在白板上畫了一幅畫，畫的是半杯水。A.served服務(wù)；B.filled充滿；C.bought買；D.showed顯示。根據(jù)下文“Likethisglassofwater,somepeopleseeitandthink‘What!Onlyhalfaglassofwater.How___12___Iam.’Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow,I’msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme!’”可知，Mr.Bush的畫上顯示的是半杯水。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同學(xué)們，你看事情的角度會(huì)影響你的感受。A.hurt傷害；B.help幫助；C.improve改善；D.affect影響。根據(jù)下文的“Italldependsonthe13youthink.”一切都取決于你怎么想可知，Mr.Bush想要告訴同學(xué)們，你看事情的角度會(huì)影響你的感受。故選D。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：就像這杯水；有些人看到它就想‘什么！只有半杯水。“我真不幸?！?。A.pleased高興的；B.unfortunate不幸的；C.bright明亮的；D.perfect完美的。根據(jù)下文的“Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow,I’msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme!’”可知，此處表示一個(gè)對(duì)比，有的人認(rèn)為只有半杯水是不幸的。故選B。【33題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一切都取決于你怎么想。A.way方式；B.direction方向；C.end結(jié)束；D.past過(guò)去。分析上下文可知，Mr.Bush給同學(xué)們畫了一幅半杯水的圖，告訴他們有的人對(duì)此持積極的態(tài)度，有的人對(duì)此持消極的態(tài)度。故應(yīng)是想告訴同學(xué)們：你看事情的角度會(huì)影響你的感受，一切都取決于你怎么想。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：布什先生樂(lè)觀的思維方式總是讓我感到高興和希望。A.anxious焦慮的；B.optimistic樂(lè)觀的；C.special特殊的；D.important重要的。根據(jù)上文“MyteacherMr.BushisthemostpositivepersonI’veevermet.”可知，Mr.Bush是一個(gè)樂(lè)觀的人，故他樂(lè)觀的思維方式總是讓我感到高興和希望。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：布什先生樂(lè)觀的思維方式總是讓我感到高興和充滿希望。A.proud驕傲的；B.carefu