北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)2025高三4月六校聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京朝陽(yáng)2025高三4月六校聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，共30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Davehadalwayslovedtheocean.Youwouldn’tbelievehowexcitedhewasatChristmaswhenseeingagift-wrappedsurfboard.Butwhenhebegantosurf,somethingscaryhappened.Davethoughtheknewthewaterwell,butabigwave____1____himaway.Davefeltpowerlessagainstthe____2____inthedeepwaterandlostconfidence.Justthenanothersurferpaddledupbesidehim.“CanIhelpyou?”heasked.Dave____3____him.ItwasMike.“Icanhelpyoubacktoshore.”hecontinued,“First,youneedtoletgoofthatfearandrelaxalittle.”Davebegantorelaxhisgrip.“Good,”saidMike.“Letthewavepickyouup,then____4____yourweightforward.Asyoustarttobuildupspeed,moveyour____5____backuntilyoufeelbalanced.Justenjoytheride.”WhenDavereachedthe____6____neartheshore,hewasburstingwithexcitement,fascinatedthatthecurrentwhichhadterrifiedhimwasseenasahelpfulwaybyMike.Hehad____7____this.Hewasrighttobe____8____ofthebigwaves,butnolongerdidhefeeloutofhisdepth.“Lookslikeyoudon’tneedmeanylonger,”saidMike.“Youareaprofessional.Havefun.”Davetookalastwave,____9____itconfidentlytotheshore.Watchingthesignsofthetideandthesizeofthewaves,herealizedtheyhadn’tchanged.Itwashewhowasreallydifferent—strongerandmoreconfident.Theprevious____10____self-doubthadgivenwaytojoyandexhilaration.1.A.put B.swept C.gave D.attracted2.A.beach B.seaweed C.shore D.current3.A.recognized B.challenged C.questioned D.joined4.A.take B.load C.bear D.shift5.A.weight B.focus C.leg D.hand6.A.sands B.shallows C.boats D.tents7.A.quit B.shared C.doubted D.grasped8.A.cautious B.tired C.afraid D.sceptical9.A.fighting B.riding C.breaking D.beating10.A.self-respect B.self-confidence C.self-criticism D.self-doubt第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Enhancingself-disciplinebeginswithintentionalhabits.Settinggoals____11____(build)consistencyisthefirststep.Forexample,practicingdailyroutinesstrengthensasenseof____12____(responsible).Whenapersonprioritizestaskseffectively,productivity____13____(increase).Additionally,studyingsuccessful____14____(strategy)fromexpertshelpsrefineself-controlmethods.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Inaquiettown,therestoodanoldsquarethatheldgenerations’memories.Thesquare,____15____localsoncecelebratedfestivalsandsharedstories,graduallyworeout.Lastyear,thetowngovernmentdecidedtorestoreit.Aftercarefulrenovation,thesquare____16____(transform)intoavibrantpublicarea.When____17____(interview)abouttherenewedspace,alifelongresidentsaid,“It’sbothfamiliarandnew—likeourtown’sspiritreborn.”Now,itbuzzeswithlaughter,markets,andcommunityevents.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Dr.EmmaCarter,aresearcherineducationalpsychology,consistentlygoes____18____conventionalresearchboundaries.____19____(specialize)inadolescentmotivation,shehasdesignedinnovativeprogramstosupportstudents’emotionalresilience.Herlatestprojectexplores____20____schoolsandfamiliescancollaboratetonurtureteenagers’self-regulationskills,earningrecognitionfrombothacademicandeducationalcircles.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié);共38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)ACarlowisacharmingtownlocatedinthesoutheasternregionofIreland.Itisoftenreferredtoasahiddengemduetoitsrichhistory,beautifullandscapes,andfriendlycommunity.Whetheryouareahistorylover,anatureenthusiast,orsomeonelookingforarelaxinggetaway,Carlowhassomethingtooffereveryone.HistoricalAttractionsCarlowboastsawealthofhistoricalsitesthatdatebackthousandsofyears.TheCarlowCastle,builtinthe13thcentury,isoneofthemosticoniclandmarksinthetown.Althoughonlytheruinsremain,thecastlestillstandsasatestamenttothetown’smedievalpast.Anothermust-seesiteistheCarlowGaol,aformerprisonthathasbeenconvertedintoamuseum.Visitorscanexplorethecellsandlearnaboutthelivesoftheprisonerswhowereonceheldthere.NaturalBeautyNatureloverswillbedelightedbythestunninglandscapesthatsurroundCarlow.ThetownisnestledinthebeautifulRiverBarrowvalley,makingitanidealdestinationforwalking,cycling,andfishing.TheCarlowWalkingFestival,heldannuallyinMay,offersavarietyofguidedwalksthatshowcasethebestofthetown’snaturalbeauty.Forthosewhopreferamorerelaxingexperience,aboattripalongtheRiverBarrowishighlyrecommended.CulturalEventsCarlowisalsoknownforitsvibrantculturalscene.Thetownhostsanumberoffestivalsandeventsthroughouttheyear,includingtheCarlowArtsFestivalinJuneandtheCarlowFoodFestivalinSeptember.TheseeventsattractvisitorsfromalloverIrelandandbeyond,offeringauniqueopportunitytoexperiencethetown’srichculturalheritage.AccommodationandDiningWhenitcomestoaccommodation,Carlowoffersarangeofoptionstosuiteverybudget.Fromcozybedandbreakfaststoluxurioushotels,youaresuretofindaplacethatmeetsyourneeds.Thetownisalsohometoavarietyofrestaurantsandcafes,whereyoucanenjoydeliciouslocalandinternationalcuisine.BesuretotrythefamousCarlowapples,whichareusedinmanyofthetown’sdishes.GettingThereCarlowiseasilyaccessiblebybothroadandrail.ItislocatedjustashortdrivefromDublin,makingitanidealdaytripdestination.ThetownalsohasatrainstationwithregularservicestoDublinandothermajorcitiesinIreland.ForMoreInformationFormoreinformationaboutCarlowanditsattractions,visittheofficialtourismwebsiteat.YoucanalsocontacttheCarlowTouristInformationCentreat+353(0)599130100.21.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepurposeoftheCarlowGaol?A.Itservesasahistoricalprisonstillinuse.B.ItisamuseumshowcasingthehistoryofCarlow.C.Itisaculturalcenterforhostingfestivalsandevents.D.Itisasitetoexploreformerprisoners’livesthroughcelltours.22.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCarlowfromthepassage?A.CarlowislocatedfarfrommajorcitiesinIreland.B.Carlowhasawell-developedtransportationsystem.C.Carlowisprimarilyknownforitshistoricalsignificance.D.Carlowisapopulardestinationforinternationaltourists.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TointroducethehistoryofCarlow.B.TodescribethenaturalbeautyofCarlow.C.TopromoteCarlowasatouristdestination.D.ToprovideinformationonculturaleventsinCarlow.BTheimageofthatstaircaseneverleftmymind.IthadbeenfortyyearssinceIgraduatedhighschool,butthestaircasehauntedmymemories.Boyswouldsitonbothsidesofthestaircase,ratingthegirlsaswewalkedby.Iftheythoughtagirlwasreallyugly,theybarked.EverytimeIwalkedupordownthosestairs,thebarks,woofs,andlaughterranginmyears.“Justignorethem,”mymotheradvised.AndIdid.Onthesurface.ButinsidethepainfulmessagethatIwasuglyrooteddeepintomysoul.Eventually,Igraduated,gotacceptedtocollegeontheWestCoast,andleftsmall-townColoradobehindme.IearnedadegreeinCommunications,launchedarewardingcareerasawriterandteacher,gotmarried,andraisedtwoamazingboys.ButwhenIlookedinthemirror,thedoubtsreturned.ThenIgotaninvitationtomyfortiethhighschoolreunion.Ididn’tlikehighschool,butIwantedtogobackandtellthoseboysoff.Iwantedtotellthemhowhurtfulandunkindtheywere.AndIwantedtoshowthemtheywerewrong.Ihadahusband,afamilyandallthethingsthey’dmademefeelIwasn’tworthyof.IpracticedmyspeechinmymindasIranerrands(差事),cookeddinner,andexercisedatsenioraerobics.InSeptember,IdrovedowntothetownwhereI’dspentmyhighschoolyears.Iputonmyfavoriteblouse,touchedupmymake-up,andsteeledmyselffortheFridaynightopeningreception.Maybeit’struethatmemoryisthefirstthingtogo.Onthenight,peoplegreetedmepolitely,drinksinhand,flatteringmewith“Youhaven’tchangedatall.”I’dlookatthefaceandstudythenametagwiththegraduationphoto,butitdidn’tringabellmostofthetime.HadIcompletelyerasedthatwholeperiodofmylifefrommymemory?WasIatthewrongreunion?No,somewomenrememberedmymotherbeingtheirGirlScoutleader.Othershadkindthingstosayaboutmyfather,alocalcollegeprofessor.Myplannedspeechwilted(枯萎)onmylips.Instead,Ichattedbreezilyaboutmytwogrownsons,livinginSeattle,andwritingrésumésforBoeingworkers.Peoplewereniceenough,butasidefromacoupleoffriends,IfeltlikeIwastalkingtostrangers.Itwaspointlesstoholdagrudge(怨恨)againstpeopleIcouldn’tevenrecognize.Iwasonlyhurtingmyselfbyreplayingthosememoriesinmymind.IknewIneededtoforgive.Adarksorrowliftedfrommysoul.Ifelthappier,moreself-confidentandattractive.Backhome,ourseniorfitnessinstructornoticedthatIwaswearinganewT-shirt.“Youarereallyrockin’thatshirt,”shesaid.Ismiled.She’dsaidthatbefore,butthistimeIbelievedit.24.Whydidtheauthordecidetoattendthe40thhighschoolreunion?A.Tomeetheroldteachers. B.Toprovehercareersuccess.C.Toapologizeforpastmisunderstandings. D.Toconfronthurtfulboysandshowherworth.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Theauthorfoughtagainstherbulliesdirectly.B.Thereunionattendeesweremostlystrangers.C.Theauthor’scareersuccesshealedhertrauma.D.Theinstructor’scomplimentwasfirstgenuinelyembraced.26.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’sfeelingsafterthehighschoolreunion?A.Confusedandsad. B.Angryandproud.C.Relievedandconfident. D.Disappointedandregretful.27.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ThePowerofLettingGo B.ASurprisingReunionLetterC.FindingFriendsinStrangers D.ThePainfulHighSchoolYearsCGiveagroupofscientiststhesamedataandthesameresearchquestion,andtheyshouldcomeupwithsimilaranswers—intheory.Buttheydon’t,accordingtoapaperpublishedlastmonthinBMCBiology,whichfindsthat246ecologistsanalyzingthesamedatasetsreachedwidelyvaryingconclusions,withsomefindingeffectsintotallyoppositedirections.Thepaperisthelatestinalineof“manyanalyst”projectsthatexaminehowresultscanvarybecauseofscientists’decisionsduringdataanalysis—andthefirsttostudytheeffectsinecology.Pastworkhasmostlyfocusedonpsychologyandotherbehavioralsciences.“Iwasreallyexcitedtoseethisstudy.Ihavenoticedanunfortunatehubrisself-confidenceinotherdomainsthatsay,well,wehaveourhouseinbetterorder.”saysUniversityofBernmetascientistIanHussey.ElliotGould,aPh.D.studentattheUniversityofMelbourne,wasskepticalthatecologyhasitshouseinbetterorder.Ecologistsdealwithcomplexsystemsthatcontainahugeamountofnaturalvariabilityandhavetomakemanydecisionsaboutwhatkindofstatisticalanalysestorun.Tofindouthowmuchthosedecisionsaffecttheresults,Gouldrecruited246ecologists,workingin174teams,toanswertwodifferentresearchquestions,eachbasedonasingledataset.Thefirstquestionaskedhowthegrowthofbluetitchicksisinfluencedbycompetitionwithsiblingsinthenest.Theanalysisteamscameupwithawiderangeofanswers:Fivefoundnorelationshipbetweenbroodsizeandchicksize,fivefoundmixedresults,and64foundthatchicksgrewmoreslowlyiftheyhadmoresiblings,butwithdifferentlevelsofcertaintyandeffectsizes.ThesecondquestioniswhethertheamountofgrasscoveraffectedthesuccessandsurvivaloftheEucalyptusseedlings.Theteamswhoanalyzedthisdatasetdidnotagreeatall:EighteenconcludedthatmoregrasscoverhamperedEucalyptussurvival,sixsaiditimprovedsurvival,and31foundthegrasshadnoeffect.Thefindingsmatchupwiththeresultsofpreviousmany-analyststudiesandshowthepowerfulroleofsubjectiveresearcherchoicesinscientificprojects.Insomecases,thereisestablishedbestpracticetoguideanalysts—butotherchoicesaremorearbitrary.Gouldsaysresearchershavetodecidewhichvariablestocontrolforandhowtodealwithmissingdata,addingthatthosedifferentchoicescankindofmultiply.It’simpossibletoknowwhethertheproblemaffectsanentirefieldfromjustoneortwoexamples,saysE?tv?sLorándUniversitymetascientistBalazsAczel.Tofindout,heisrunningaprojecttohavemultipleanalystseachtackleaquestionfrom100randomlychosensocialsciencepapers.Butsimilarfindingshavepoppedupinarangeoffields—includingneuroscienceandeconomics—andsuggest“wearefacingaveryseriousissue,”hesays.Butnotallresearchersthinkthefindingsaresoalarming.28.WhatdoesIanHusseyreallymeanbyhiswordsinParagraph2?A.ThehousesintheUniversityofBernareinbetterorder.B.Thescientists’decisionsinthefieldsofecologyareinbetterorder.C.Thestudiesinecologyhavethesameeffectsasthoseinbehavioralsciences.D.Theresearchonpsychologyandbehavioralsciencesareunfortunatehubris.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Researchers’individualchoicesinscientificstudiesmatteralot.B.Gouldthinkstheeffectsofresearchers’differentchoicesarelimited.C.The“manyanalyst”projectscanhelpecologistsmakegoodconclusions.D.Thegrowthofbluetitchicksisslowerwhenhavingmoresiblingsinthenest30.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablywriteafterthelastparagraphofthearticle?A.TopresentthefindingsoftheprojectthatBalazsAczelisrunning.B.Toexplainwhytheresultsof“many-analyst”studiesarenotverysevere.C.Tointroducetheseriouseffectsduetosubjectiveresearcherchoices.D.Toinspiretheresearchersintheentirefieldtotackletheanalysisproblem.DTheartificialintelligence(AI)sectorhasoscillatedbetweenenthusiasmandskepticisminrecentyears.TechgiantsincludingAlphabet,Amazon,andMicrosoftcollectivelypourednearly200billionintoAIinfrastructurein2024alone,surpassingtheGDPofnationslikeHungaryorNewZealand.Nvidia,dominatingtheAI-chipmarket,witnesseditsvaluationskyrocketto3.4trillionaschipsalesdoubled—agrowthratethreetimesfasterthanthesemiconductorindustryaverage.Meanwhile,serverproviderslikeDellreportedunprecedenteddemand,withAIservershipmentsjumping78%year-on-year,signalingAI’stransformativepotentialacrossindustriesfromdrugdiscoverytoautonomousdriving.Yetbeneaththesurface,challengesloom.TrainingadvancedAImodelsconsumesstaggeringenergy—equivalenttopowering15millionUShouseholdsannually—raisingconcernsaboutlong-termviability(可持續(xù)性).InregionslikeIreland,datacentersalreadyconsume18%ofnationalelectricity,strainingagingpowergrids.Servermanufacturersandenergyfirmsstruggletomeetdata-centerdemands,withdeliverydelaysforAI-optimizedserversextendingto48weeksin2024.Criticsarguethatcurrentinvestmentsmirrorpasttechbubbles:the$200billionAIinfrastructurespendingrepresents65%ofthe1999dot-combubble’speakinvestmentadjustedforinflation.AlanSmith,atechanalyst,defendsthespending,“AI’scapacitytorevolutionizehealthcare—suchascuttingcancerdrugdevelopmenttimefrom10yearsto18months—justifiesshort-termcosts.”However,opponentscounterthatprofit-drivencorporationsprioritizemarketdominanceoverethicalconsiderations,citingMeta’s2023AIethicsboarddisbandmentasevidence.Amidthesemountingpressures,competitionisgoingtofurthercomplicatesthelandscapeofAIdevelopment.Upstart(新興的)firmslikeUK-basedGraphcoreandChina’sCambriconchallengeindustryleadersbycreatingcompact,energy-efficientAItools.Forinstance,startupsnowofferspecializedchipssuchasGraphcore’sIPU(IntelligenceProcessingUnit)at40%lowercoststhanNvidia’sproducts,democratizingaccesstoAItechnology.Thisfragmentationmirrorsthe1980sPCmarketshakeup,whereIBM’sdominancewaserodedbyagilecompetitors.Investors,initiallyinfatuatedwithAI’spromise,growwaryofover-commitment.ArecentMcKinseysurveyrevealed62%ofshareholdersbelieveAIfirmsmustclarifytheirfinancialstrategieswithintwoyears,ademandintensifiedbyOpenAI’s$540millionquarterlylossesdespiteChatGPT’ssuccess.Inaddition,theenvironmentaleffectsmakeitincreasinglyurgenttotacklethischallengehead-on.Datacentersaccountfor3%ofglobalelectricityuse—afigurematchingaviation’scarbonfootprint—projectedtotripleby2030.TheInternationalEnergyAgencywarnsthatunregulatedAIgrowthcouldincreaseglobalCO?emissionsby1.5%annually,underminingclimategoals.WhilecompanieslikeMicrosoftinvestinrenewableenergy,constructingsolarfarmstopowerArizonadatacenters,criticsdemandstricterregulations.TheEU’sproposedArtificialIntelligenceActnowincludesprovisionsrequiringenergytransparencyforAIsystems.Dr.EmilyZhou,asustainabilityresearcheratTsinghuaUniversity,warns,“Unlessaccompaniedbyrobustregulatorymeasures,AI’secologicalenvironmentrisksoffsettingitstechnologicaladvancements,asexemplifiedbyChina’scarbontaxinitiativetargetingdatacenters—apolicyframeworktobalanceindustrialprogresswithenvironmentalmanagement.”AstheAIsectorgrappleswithescalatingenergyconsumption,ethicalcontroversies,andspeculativeinvestmentpatterns,theAIindustrystandsatacrossroads.Itspotentialtoreshapeeconomiesisundeniable—PwCestimatesAIcouldcontribute$15.7trilliontoglobalGDPby2030—butuncheckedgrowthrisksecologicalharmandmarketinstability.The2024globalAIGovernanceSummithighlightedtheneedforinternationalstandards,yetconsensusremainselusive.But,thepathforwardrequiresbothtechnologicalbreakthroughsandashiftinpriorities—makingcarbon-neutraldatacentersandtransparentAIgovernanceessential,notoptional.31.RegardingAlanSmith’sdefenceofAIspending,theauthoris______.A.supportive B.doubtful C.critical D.unconcerned32.Whatdoestheword“infatuated”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Shocked. B.Protected. C.Attracted. D.Challenged.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.AI’senvironmentalcostsmayreduceitsbenefitswithoutpolicyintervention.B.Renewableenergyinvestmentscanresolvesustainabilityissuescompletely.C.Stricterregulationsshouldprioritizeecologicalprotectionovermarketinstability.D.Techcompanies’ethicalconsiderationsaresufficienttoaddressenergydemands.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AIInvestment:BalancingShort-TermCostsandLong-TermViabilityB.DataCenters’EnergyUse:TheHiddenCrisisBehindAIDevelopmentC.WhenInnovationBreedsChaos:WhyAIDevelopmentMustSlowDownD.ArtificialIntelligence:NavigatingTransformationAmidEmergingChallenges第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Haveyoueverwonderedwhysomejokesmakeyouburstintouncontrollablelaughterwhileothersbarelyelicit(引出)asmile?Theanswerliesintheintricatedancebetweencognitiveandemotionalprocessesthatoccurswhenweencounterhumor.Let’sstartwiththecognitivesideofthings.____35____We’renotjustpassivelyreceivinginformation;we’reactivelyprocessingit,makingconnections,andtryingtomakesenseofwhatwe’reexperiencing.____36____Theemotionalsideofhumorisequallyimportantandoftenintertwinedwithourcognitiveprocesses.Whenwefindsomethingfunny,weexperiencearangeofpositiveemotions—joy,amusement,surprise,andsometimesevenatouchofmischievousdelight.Theseemotionalresponsesarewhatmakehumorsuchapowerfulforceinourlives.Interestingly,therelationshipbetweencognitionandemotioninhumorisn’talwaysstraightforward.Sometimes,wemightunderstandajokeonacognitivelevelbutnotfinditparticularlyamusing.Othertimes,wemightlaughatsomethingwithoutfullyunderstandingwhyit’sfunny.____37____Ourcognitiveandemotionalresponsestohumoraren’tstatic.____38____Ajokethathadyourollingonthefloorasateenagermightelicitnothingmorethanagroaninyouradultyears.Conversely,youmightfindyourselfchuckling(輕聲笑)atasubtlebitofwordplaythatwouldhavegonerightoveryourheadinyouryoungerdays.Thecognitiveandemotionalprocessesinvolvedinhumormightseemtrivial.____39____Butwhenweconsiderhowpervasivehumorisinourdailylives,itbecomesclearthatunderstandingtheseprocessescanhavefar-reachingimplicationsforourwell-beingandsocialinteractions.A.Afterall,it’sjustalaugh,right?B.Butcognitionisonlyhalfthestory.C.Theycanchangeovertimeaswegrow,learn,andexperiencenewthings.D.Ourbrainsstarttolookforpatternsandmakepredictionswhenwehearajoke.E.Individualdifferencesplayasignificantroleinhumorperceptionandappreciation.F.Thiscomplexityispartofwhatmakeshumorsucharichareaofstudyforpsychologists.G.Whenwehearajokeorseesomethingfunny,ourbrainsshiftintohigh-speedworkingmode.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。IthappensjustabouteverytimeIgotoarestaurantwithmydaughter.Iopenthemenuandscantheoptions.ThenIglanceatthechildren’smenu.Oftenthemenuisprettysimilar,withthesamepastaandtomatosauce.Buttheitemsonthechildren’smenuareusuallylessexpensive,andI’llthinktomyself:Wow,gooddeal.IfIthinkagainforamoment,though,thedealisn’treallyadeal.Afterall,Iestimatedthecostofthepastabasedontheadultmenu,notontheactualcostofmakingsomecheapbow-tienoodlesandservingthemsimplywitharedsauce.Myfaultyreasoningistheproductofanchoring,acognitivebias(認(rèn)知偏差)thatcanweakenourcriticalthinking.Accordingtoresearchers,anchoringiswhenpeoplerelyonirrelevantbuteasilyaccessiblefactstomakejudgments.Ourmindsgivetoomuchweighttoinitialimpressionsornumbersthatinfluenceoursubsequentthoughts.Inmycase,thepricesontheadultmenushapedoranchoredmyjudgmentaboutthevalueoftheitemsonthechildren’smenu.Anchoringiseverywhereintheretailingworld.It’sawaytomakecustomersfeellikethey’regettingagooddeal.Peopletendtolovebigstoresthatofferhuge“discounts”offhighlyinflated(膨脹的)“original”pricesthathavelittletodowiththeitem’sactualvalue.Studiesshowthatanchoringeffectspersistnomatterhowweaktheconnectionbetweentheanchorandtheactualdecision.Theyalsoindicatethatanchoringaffectsallkindsofdecisions,eventhosemadebyexpertswhoshouldknowbetter.Thephenomenonofanchoringshowsthatwhilewethinkofourselvesasrationalandlogicalbeings,unrelateddetailscanhaveanincredibleinfluenceonourreasoning.Wemustmakesurethatwefindeffectivesolutionsorwemightbeavictimofanchoring,draggeddownbyourbias,whetherwenoticeitornot.40.Accordingtoresearchers,whatisanchoring?_______________________________________________________________________________41.Howdoretailerstakeadvantageofanchoring?_______________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.?Anchoringeffectscanhaveabiginfluenceonourreasoning,butiftheconnectionbetweentheanchorandtheactualdecisionisweak,theeffectswillbegone._______________________________________________________________________________43.Howcanweavoi