湖南省長沙市某校2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期4月半月考英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省長沙市某校2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期4月半月考英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEachyear,TIMEmakesalistoftheWorld’sGreatestPlaces.TIMEforKidspicksitsfavorites.Thisyear’slisthassomethingforeveryone,fromdeliciouslocalfoodtocloseencounterswithwildlife.Maybeyoulikescenicoutdooradventures.Maybeyoupreferbrain-bendingsciencemuseums.Whateveryoulike,learningaboutthesedestinationswilldefinitelychangehowyouseetheworld.Wherewouldyougofirst?NatureArtArtandnatureloverscanwanderthroughaworldofcolorfuldrawingsattheGrootbosFlorilegium,attheGrootbosPrivateNaturePreserve,inSouthAfrica.Thegalleryhasnearly250botanicaldrawings.TheycelebrateSouthAfricanplantsandtheirpollinators,suchasinsectsandbirds.—ByElaineGlusacLushLandWanttotryharvestingseaweedorkeepingbees?TraveltoChile’sRutaDeLosAbastos.Visitorscanacquirehands-onexperiencewithagriculture.Andthey’llmeetfoodproducers,suchasfarmersandpeoplewhofish.—BySorrelMoseleyRollAlongPeoplewhotravelwithNaturalSelection’sGuidedCyclingSafariseeamazingelephants,giraffes,andotheramazinganimalsupclose.Thebestpart?Thesafaritakesplaceonbikes.You’llrollthroughbeautifulBotswana,Africa,instyle,covering25to45milesperday.—ByCindyFanDeepDiveAsthemostfriendlydivingcharteroperator,DiveTutukakaisaparadiseforscubaenthusiasts.Thecompanyfocusesonhelpingdiverswhoneedextrasupport,providingwheelchairramps(斜坡)andexpertassistance.DivesareconductedoffNewZealand’sNorthIsland.Youcanenjoydiversemarinelifehere.—ByTerryWard1.WhatisthemainfocusoftheGrootbosFlorilegium?A.Rareplants.B.Artisticpaintings.C.Diversityofecosystems.D.Methodsofnatureconservation.2.Whorecommendsagriculturalpractice?A.CindyFan.B.TerryWard.C.ElaineGlusac.D.SorrelMoseley.3.WhatdoweknowaboutDiveTutukaka?A.Itoffersspecialfacilitiesandhelptodivers.B.Itisaparadiseforthetouristsinterestedinwildlife.C.Itprovidescustomizedserviceforscubaenthusiasts.D.ItisNewZealand’smostprofessionaldivecharteroperator.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了《時(shí)代》雜志評(píng)選的“世界最偉大的地方”，特別關(guān)注了四個(gè)適合不同興趣的旅游目的地?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“NatureArt”部分“ArtandnatureloverscanwanderthroughaworldofcolorfuldrawingsattheGrootbosFlorilegium,attheGrootbosPrivateNaturePreserve,inSouthAfrica.Thegalleryhasnearly250botanicaldrawings.(在南非的格魯特博斯私人自然保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)的格魯特博斯植物志館，藝術(shù)和自然愛好者可以漫步于一個(gè)充滿色彩斑斕繪畫的世界。該畫廊擁有近250幅植物插畫。)”可知，GrootbosFlorilegium的主要焦點(diǎn)是藝術(shù)作品。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“LushLand”部分“TraveltoChile’sRutaDeLosAbastos.Visitorscanacquirehands-onexperiencewithagriculture.(前往智利的豐饒之路。游客可以親身體驗(yàn)農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐。)”可知，SorrelMoseley推薦了農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐。故選D。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“DeepDive”部分“Asthemostfriendlydivingcharteroperator,DiveTutukakaisaparadiseforscubaenthusiasts.Thecompanyfocusesonhelpingdiverswhoneedextrasupport,providingwheelchairrampsandexpertassistance.(作為最友好的潛水包船運(yùn)營商，DiveTutukaka是潛水愛好者的天堂。該公司專注于幫助需要額外支持的潛水者，提供輪椅坡道和專家協(xié)助。)”可知，DiveTutukaka為潛水者提供特殊設(shè)施和幫助，特別是對(duì)于需要額外支持的潛水者。故選A。BWhenMartinRothstartedasaforestrangerinthe1980s,hisjobwastocarefortheforesttoensurecontinuityfordecades,evencenturies.Now,withclimatechange,it’smoreaboutplanningforanuncertainfuture.“It’sdisastermanagement,”saysRoth,forwhomthe3,000acresofforestserveastestinggroundforhigh-techsolutions,earninghimthenickname“digitalforestranger.”Afteraseverestorm,theclockstartsticking:Damagedtreesshouldberemovedbeforethearrivalofbarkbeetles,whichgrowindeadtreesandcandestroyentireforests.WhileitoncetookRothabout2.5hourstocoveranacreonfoot,drones(無人機(jī))nowlethimsurveytheentire3,000acresinseveraldays,sohecanquicklylocatedamagedtrees,informownersofaffectedplots,andsendupdatestoworkers.Roth’sexplorationgoesbeyonddrones.HisrecentprojectiscombiningbodycamerawithAI.“Usuallyyoumarkthetrees,they’recutdown,andyouhavenoideahowmuchwoodyou’llget,whatquality,andwhichspecies,”heexplains.AInow“sees”throughhisbodycam,recognizestreespecies,estimateswoodproduction,andsendsreal-timeinformationtohisphone.SinceuptohalfofEuropeantreespeciesareunsuitedtorisingtemperaturesandextendeddryperiods,Rothhasalsobegunexperimentingwithnewspecies,plantingtheminsmallgroupsandkeepingtrackoftheminhissystem.Asforestareasexpand,interventionsareneeded,buttherearen’tenoughemployeestokeepitallstraight.“EitherIknowit,orthecomputerknowsit,ornooneknowsitandit’slost,”hesays.Roth’sexpertiseintacklingthechallengesofmodernforestrywithtechnologyisincreasinglysoughtafter—colleaguesreachoutforadvice,andhelecturesonthetopicatuniversities.Buthewarnsthattechnologycanneverreplaceawanderthroughtheforest:“Ishouldneverbelievethatthedigitaltwinisreality.Ialwayshavetodoarealitycheck.”4.WhatwasRoth’sjobwhenhestartedhiscareer?A.Sustainingforesthealth. B.Predictingtheforest’sfuture.C.Managingdisasters. D.Seekinghigh-techsolutions.5.WhatdoesRothusedronestodo?A.Identifydeadtreespecies. B.Removeharmfulinsects.C.Collectdataofforestdamage. D.Informownersoftheirloss.6.WhatpointisRothtryingtomakewithhiswordsinparagraph4?A.Forestsareacureforclimatechange.B.Experiencedworkersareingreatneed.C.Forestexpansionissuccessfullycontrolled.D.Technologyiskeytotrackingforestinformation.7.WhydoesRothwarnabouttheuseoftechnologyinforestry?A.Itmayreplacehumanworkers.B.Itmayneedtoomuchchecking.C.Itmayprovidefalseinformation.D.Itmaydenychancesofforestwalks.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是護(hù)林員MartinRoth如何利用高科技手段應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)代林業(yè)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenMartinRothstartedasaforestrangerinthe1980s,hisjobwastocarefortheforesttoensurecontinuityfordecades,evencenturies.(當(dāng)MartinRoth在20世紀(jì)80年代開始擔(dān)任護(hù)林員時(shí)，他的工作是照顧森林，以確保幾十年甚至幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的連續(xù)性)”可知，Roth開始他的職業(yè)生涯時(shí)是保持森林健康的。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WhileitoncetookRothabout2.5hourstocoveranacreonfoot,drones(無人機(jī))nowlethimsurveytheentire3,000acresinseveraldays,sohecanquicklylocatedamagedtrees,informownersofaffectedplots,andsendupdatestoworkers.(過去，Roth徒步檢查一英畝土地需要大約2.5小時(shí)，而現(xiàn)在，無人機(jī)讓他能在幾天內(nèi)巡視完整個(gè)3000英畝的區(qū)域，這樣他就能迅速定位受損樹木，通知受影響地塊的所有者，并向工作人員發(fā)送最新信息)”可知，Roth用無人機(jī)收集森林破壞數(shù)據(jù)。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“SinceuptohalfofEuropeantreespeciesareunsuitedtorisingtemperaturesandextendeddryperiods,Rothhasalsobegunexperimentingwithnewspecies,plantingtheminsmallgroupsandkeepingtrackoftheminhissystem.Asforestareasexpand,interventionsareneeded,buttherearen’tenoughemployeestokeepitallstraight.“EitherIknowit,orthecomputerknowsit,ornooneknowsitandit’slost,”hesays.(由于多達(dá)一半的歐洲樹種不適應(yīng)不斷上升的溫度和延長的干旱期，羅斯也開始試驗(yàn)新的樹種，將它們分成小群種植，并在他的系統(tǒng)中對(duì)它們進(jìn)行跟蹤。隨著森林面積的擴(kuò)大，需要進(jìn)行干預(yù)，但沒有足夠的員工來保持一切正常。他說：“要么我知道，要么電腦知道，要么沒人知道，就丟了。”)”可知，計(jì)算機(jī)（技術(shù)）是記錄和管理森林信息的重要工具。由此推知，Roth在第四段想表達(dá)的是技術(shù)在跟蹤和管理森林信息方面發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用。故選D。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Buthewarnsthattechnologycanneverreplaceawanderthroughtheforest:“Ishouldneverbelievethatthedigitaltwinisreality.Ialwayshavetodoarealitycheck.”(但他警告說，科技永遠(yuǎn)無法取代在森林中漫步：“我永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該相信數(shù)字孿生是現(xiàn)實(shí)。我總是要做現(xiàn)實(shí)檢查?！?”可知，Roth對(duì)林業(yè)技術(shù)的使用提出警告是因?yàn)樗赡芴峁╁e(cuò)誤信息。故選C。CTodayandeverydaywearethetargetsofadvertisers,fundraisersandpoliticianstryingtopersuadeustobuysomething,dosomethingorthinkacertainway.Andthey’regoodatit.Overtheyears,they’velearnedalotaboutwhichfeaturestobuildintoacommunicationandwhichpsychologicalstringstopullattoincreaseitssuccess.Butbyconcentratingonthemessageitself,they’vemissedacrucialcomponentoftheprocess.Researchdoneinthelast15yearsshowsthatbestpersuasionisachievedthroughpre-suasion—thepracticeofarrangingforpeopletoagreewithamessagebeforetheyevenknowwhat’sinit.Pre-suasionworksbyfocusingpeople’sattentiononaselectedconcept,whichinturnstimulatesthemtoovervalueitoverrelatedones.Inonestudy,visitorstoanonlinesofastoreweregreetedwithimagesofeithersoftcloudsorsmallcoinsinthebackgroundofitslandingpage.Thosewhosawthecloudsweremorelikelytoprefersoft,comfortablesofasforpurchasewhereasthosewhosawthemoneypreferredcheapermodels.Longbeforescientistsstartedstudyingtheprocessofpre-suasion,afewnotablecommunicatorsalreadyhadanintuitive（直覺的）understandingofit.Forexample,thepre-suasivestrategywasemployedinthelate1950sbytheadvertisingfirmDoyleDaneBernbachtointroducetheoddlyshapedVolkswagenBeetletoaUSmarketdominatedbybig,powerful,boat-likevehicles.The“We’reuglybut...”campaignstrategicallyadmittedtolimitationsinappearancebeforetrumpeting（鼓吹）theauto’sstrengthssuchaseconomy,reliabilityandsimplicity.CreditedwithbreakingopentheUSmarketforsmallcars,theadcampaignhasbeenratedamongthegreatestofalltime.Withconsiderablesuccess,practitionersofsocialinfluencehavealwaysfeaturedpersuasiveelements—greatpraises,emotionalpull,lastchanceopportunities—intheirappeals.Perhapsbecauseofthatsuccess,they’vemostlymissedanaccompanyingtruth.Formaximumimpact,it’snotonlywhatyoudo;it’salsowhatyoudojustbeforeyoudowhatyoudo.8.Whataspectofadvertisinghasbeencommonlyoverlookedaccordingtothetext?A.Theuseofpsychologicalstringstoinfluencepeople.B.Theefforttoconvincepeoplewithouttheirknowledge.C.Thechoiceofcommunicationchannelsformoresuccess.D.Theimprovementofmessagecontentstoattractbuyers.9.Whichofthefollowingexamplesbestillustratestheconceptofpre-suasion?A.Anonlinestoretrumpetingspecialoffers.B.Abankerexplaininginterestratestocustomers.C.Acardealerofferingdiscountstopotentialbuyers.D.AshopplayingJingleBellsinChristmasseason.10.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheVolkswagenBeetleadcampaigninthe1950s?A.Itfocusedonemotionalappeals.B.Itfailedtohighlightitsstrengths.C.ItthoroughlychangedtheUSsmall-sizedcarmarket.D.Itstrategicallyintroducedanunconventionalproduct.11.Whatcanweinferaboutpractitionersofsocialinfluence?A.Theyhavebeenexpertatapplyingpre-suasion.B.Theyhavemaximizedtheirimpactwithpersuasion.C.Theyhavegenerallyignoredtheeffectivenessofpre-suasion.D.Theyhavecombinedpre-suasionwithpersuasioneffectively.【答案】8.B9.D10.D11.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了“預(yù)說服”（pre-suasion）這一概念。多年來廣告商等在說服他人時(shí)往往注重信息本身，而忽略了預(yù)說服這一關(guān)鍵要素。預(yù)說服是指在人們知曉信息內(nèi)容之前就使其傾向于認(rèn)同該信息，文中還通過具體例子說明了預(yù)說服的作用及效果。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Butbyconcentratingonthemessageitself,they’vemissedacrucialcomponentoftheprocess.(但是，由于過于關(guān)注信息本身，他們錯(cuò)過了這個(gè)過程的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵組成部分。)”以及第三段中“Researchdoneinthelast15yearsshowsthatbestpersuasionisachievedthroughpre-suasion—thepracticeofarrangingforpeopletoagreewithamessagebeforetheyevenknowwhat’sinit.(過去15年的研究表明，最好的說服是通過預(yù)說服實(shí)現(xiàn)的，即在人們還不知道信息內(nèi)容之前就安排他們同意信息的做法。)”可知，廣告商等通常關(guān)注信息本身，而忽略了讓人們在不知情的情況下就傾向于認(rèn)同信息這一關(guān)鍵要素，也就是預(yù)說服。故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Pre-suasionworksbyfocusingpeople’sattentiononaselectedconcept,whichinturnstimulatesthemtoovervalueitoverrelatedones.(預(yù)說服的工作原理是把人們的注意力集中在一個(gè)選定的概念上，這反過來又刺激他們高估這個(gè)概念，而不是相關(guān)的概念。)”可知，預(yù)說服是通過將人們的注意力集中在一個(gè)選定的概念上，從而使他們高估這個(gè)概念。D選項(xiàng)“AshopplayingJingleBellsinChristmasseason.”（一家商店在圣誕節(jié)期間播放《鈴兒響叮當(dāng)》），在圣誕節(jié)期間播放特定的音樂，能讓顧客將注意力集中在圣誕節(jié)這個(gè)概念上，進(jìn)而可能影響他們的消費(fèi)行為，比如更傾向于購買節(jié)日相關(guān)商品，符合預(yù)說服的概念。故選D項(xiàng)。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Forexample,thepre-suasivestrategywasemployedinthelate1950sbytheadvertisingfirmDoyleDaneBernbachtointroducetheoddlyshapedVolkswagenBeetletoaUSmarketdominatedbybig,powerful,boat-likevehicles.The“We’reuglybut...”campaignstrategicallyadmittedtolimitationsinappearancebeforetrumpeting（鼓吹）theauto’sstrengthssuchaseconomy,reliabilityandsimplicity.(例如，上世紀(jì)50年代末，廣告公司道爾?丹恩?伯恩巴赫（DoyleDaneBernbach）采用了預(yù)先說服策略，將外形奇特的大眾甲殼蟲（VolkswagenBeetle）引入了美國市場，當(dāng)時(shí)美國市場由大型、強(qiáng)勁、像船一樣的汽車主導(dǎo)?！拔覀兒艹螅恰钡男麄骰顒?dòng)，在宣傳這款車的優(yōu)勢，如經(jīng)濟(jì)、可靠和簡單之前，有策略地承認(rèn)了外觀上的局限性。)”可知，在20世紀(jì)50年代，大眾甲殼蟲汽車的廣告活動(dòng)采用了預(yù)說服策略，在宣傳汽車的優(yōu)勢（如經(jīng)濟(jì)性、可靠性和簡潔性）之前，先承認(rèn)了其外觀上的不足，這種策略是為了向以大型、強(qiáng)大、船型車輛為主的美國市場引入這款造型奇特的汽車，也就是有策略地引入了一款非傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)品。故選D項(xiàng)。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Withconsiderablesuccess,practitionersofsocialinfluencehavealwaysfeaturedpersuasiveelements—greatpraises,emotionalpull,lastchanceopportunities—intheirappeals.Perhapsbecauseofthatsuccess,they’vemostlymissedanaccompanyingtruth.Formaximumimpact,it’snotonlywhatyoudo;it’salsowhatyoudojustbeforeyoudowhatyoudo.(在相當(dāng)大的成功中，社會(huì)影響力的實(shí)踐者總是在他們的呼吁中加入有說服力的元素——偉大的贊美、情感的牽引、最后的機(jī)會(huì)。也許正是因?yàn)檫@種成功，他們大多忽略了一個(gè)伴隨而來的真相。為了產(chǎn)生最大的影響，不僅僅是你做了什么；這也是你在做你要做的事情之前要做的事情。)”可知，有影響力的社會(huì)從業(yè)者在他們的訴求中總是包含有說服力的元素（如高度贊揚(yáng)、情感吸引、最后機(jī)會(huì)等），但由于他們在這方面的成功，他們大多忽略了預(yù)說服這一重要因素。故選C項(xiàng)。DBeneaththesurfaceoftheearthliesalively,invisibleecosystemfulloflife,oftenreferredtoasthe“l(fā)ivingskin”oftheearth.Itisahiddenworldwherecountlessorganisms(生物體)interactincomplexways,drivingessentialprocessesthatenablelifetosurvive.Theyaretheunsungheroesofnutrientcycling,soilstability,andevenclimatebalance.Organismsinthesoilarebothcopiousanddiverse.Theyrangeinsizefromtheone-celledbacteria,tothemorecomplextinybugs,andtothelargerorganismssuchasinsectsandplants.Soilmicrobes(微生物)aretoosmalltobeseenwiththeunaidedeye.Bacteriaarethemostplentifulmicrobesinsoil,withapopulationof1010-1011individualsand6,000-50,000speciespergramofsoilandabiomassof40-500gramspersquaremetre.Ifwearetounderstandthefunctionsofsoilmicrobesandtheimpactofmanagementpracticesonsoilquality,weneedtoanalyzemicrobialcommunitycompositionbeyondjustcountingindividuals.Traditionalmethodsofstudyingmicrobesoftenrelyonculturingtechniques,whichhavesignificantlimitationsastheycanonlydetectasmallpartofthemicrobialcommunity.Advancedgenetic(基因的)techniques,suchasDNAsequencingandPCR,however,enablethedetectionandcategorizationofpreviouslyunculturablemicrobes.Thesemethodsenhanceourabilitytoidentifyshiftsinmicrobialcommunities,providingcriticalinsightsintosoilhealthandfunctionaldynamics.Soilmicrobesplaybothbeneficialandharmfulrolesascontributorstosoilenvironmentalproblemssuchasclimatechangeandgroundwaterpollution.Thephysicalchemical,andbiologicalsoilcharacteristicsandtheirinteractionswiththeresidentcommunityofsoilmicrobeshaveasignificantimpactonthegrowthandactivityofthesemicrobes.Asourunderstandingofthesecomplexrelationshipsdevelops,weshouldbeabletodevelopsoilmanagementpracticesthataresustainableandcanleadtopreservationandimprovementofsoilquality.12.Whatdoesthe“l(fā)ivingskin”oftheearthmainlydo?A.Sustainlifeontheearth. B.Controlmicrobialpopulation.C.Protectthesurfaceoftheearth. D.Monitorchangesintheecosystem.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“copious”inparagraph2mean?A.Small. B.Active. C.Invisible. D.Plentiful.14.Whyaremoderngenetictechniquesusedinstudyingmicrobes?A.Toidentifydiversemicrobes. B.Tosimplifymicrobialcounting.C.Tohelpculturemoremicrobes. D.Tominimizemicrobialimpactonsoil.15.Whatcanhelpustoimprovesoilmanagementpractices?A.Removingharmfulmicrobes.B.Distinguishingsoilcharacteristics.C.Understandingsoil-microbeinteractions.D.Strengtheningrelationshipsamongmicrobes.【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要揭示了土壤微生物生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要功能與研究進(jìn)展?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Beneaththesurfaceoftheearthliesalively,invisibleecosystemfulloflife,oftenreferredtoasthe“l(fā)ivingskin”oftheearth.Itisahiddenworldwherecountlessorganisms(生物體)interactincomplexways,drivingessentialprocessesthatenablelifetosurvive.Theyaretheunsungheroesofnutrientcycling,soilstability,andevenclimatebalance.(在地球表面之下是一個(gè)充滿生機(jī)的、看不見的、充滿生命的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，通常被稱為地球的“活皮膚”。這是一個(gè)隱秘的世界，無數(shù)生物以復(fù)雜的方式相互作用，推動(dòng)著生命得以生存的基本過程。它們是養(yǎng)分循環(huán)、土壤穩(wěn)定甚至氣候平衡的無名英雄)”可知，地球的“活皮膚”主要作用是維持地球上的生命。故選A?！?3題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Bacteriaarethemostplentifulmicrobesinsoil,withapopulationof1010-1011individualsand6,000-50,000speciespergramofsoilandabiomassof40-500gramspersquaremetre.(細(xì)菌是土壤中最豐富的微生物，每克土壤中有10個(gè)10至10個(gè)11個(gè)體，6000至50000種，每平方米的生物量為40至500克)”可知，土壤中微生物數(shù)量眾多，可推測劃線詞copious與選項(xiàng)D意思相近，意為“大量的，豐富的”。故選D。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Advancedgenetic(基因的)techniques,suchasDNAsequencingandPCR,however,enablethedetectionandcategorizationofpreviouslyunculturablemicrobes.Thesemethodsenhanceourabilitytoidentifyshiftsinmicrobialcommunities,providingcriticalinsightsintosoilhealthandfunctionaldynamics.(然而，先進(jìn)的遺傳技術(shù)，如DNA測序和PCR，可以檢測和分類以前不可培養(yǎng)的微生物。這些方法增強(qiáng)了我們識(shí)別微生物群落變化的能力，為土壤健康和功能動(dòng)態(tài)提供了重要的見解)”可知，使用現(xiàn)代基因技術(shù)研究微生物是為了識(shí)別多樣的微生物。故選A?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thephysicalchemical,andbiologicalsoilcharacteristicsandtheirinteractionswiththeresidentcommunityofsoilmicrobeshaveasignificantimpactonthegrowthandactivityofthesemicrobes.Asourunderstandingofthesecomplexrelationshipsdevelops,weshouldbeabletodevelopsoilmanagementpracticesthataresustainableandcanleadtopreservationandimprovementofsoilquality.(土壤的物理、化學(xué)和生物特性及其與土壤微生物常駐群落的相互作用對(duì)土壤微生物的生長和活性有重要影響。隨著我們對(duì)這些復(fù)雜關(guān)系的理解的發(fā)展，我們應(yīng)該能夠開發(fā)可持續(xù)的土壤管理實(shí)踐，并能導(dǎo)致土壤質(zhì)量的保護(hù)和改善)”可知，了解土壤與微生物的相互作用可以幫助我們改進(jìn)土壤管理實(shí)踐。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Musicandarthavealwaysbeencloselyconnected,witheachinfluencingtheotherinimportantways.Artistsareincreasinglyintegratingmusicalelementsintotheirwork,creatingexperiencesthatblur(模糊)theboundariesbetweentheauditoryandvisualsenses.Oneofthemoststrikingexamplesofthistrendistheriseof“soundart”whichexplorestherelationshipbetweensoundandvisualrepresentation.Soundartcombinationsofteninvolvelarge-scale,interactivesoundenvironments._____16_____Theycancreateanenvironmentwheretheviewerbecomesanactiveparticipantintheartisticexperience._____17_____Thisintegrationallowsforadynamicinterplaybetweensoundandimage.Theliveperformancesaddanelementofnaturalnessandunpredictabilitytotheexhibitions,makingeachvisitauniqueandunrepeatableexperience.Moreover,theuseofmusicinfilmandvideoarthasalsodeveloped.Artistsarenowexperimentingwithsoundscapesthatextendbeyondtraditionalnarrative(敘述)structures,usingmusictoarouseemotionsandcreateatmosphereratherthansimplyunderlineplotpoints._____18_____Despitetheseinnovations,someartistsarguethattheintegrationofmusicintoartcansometimeshavedifferenteffectsfromtheprimaryvisualmessage._______19_______Theybelievethatmusicshouldserveasacomplement(補(bǔ)充)tothevisualart,enhancingitseffectratherthanovershadowingit.Toaddressthisconcern,manyartistsarenowfocusingoncreatingamoreharmoniousbalancebetweenmusicandvisualart.______20______Bycarefullyselectingandintegratingmusicalelements,theyaimtocreateworksthatarebothvisuallystrikingandaurally(聽覺上地)engaging,offeringviewersatrulymultisensoryexperience.A.Theartistdislikescomposingoriginalmusicfortheartworks.B.Thisspecialartformoftenchallengestraditionalideasofstorytelling.C.Thistrendhighlightstheimportanceoffindingtherightbalancebetweenthem.D.Theseconnectionsoftenusetechnologytotransformsoundininnovativeways.E.Anothernotabledevelopmentistheintegrationoflivemusicintoartexhibitions.F.Instead,thisdoesnotmeanthatmusicshouldalwaysgivewaytovisualart.G.Criticshavewarnedthattheoveruseofmusiccanstronglyimpacttheviewer'ssenses.【答案】16.D17.E18.B19.G20.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章探討音樂與藝術(shù)的融合趨勢，同時(shí)指出過度依賴音樂的潛在問題，強(qiáng)調(diào)平衡的重要性，呼吁多感官協(xié)調(diào)的藝術(shù)體驗(yàn)?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Soundartcombinationsofteninvolvelarge-scale,interactivesoundenvironments.(聲音藝術(shù)組合通常涉及大規(guī)模的交互式聲音環(huán)境。)”可知，前文提到聲音藝術(shù)涉及大型互動(dòng)聲音環(huán)境，因此接著需解釋這些環(huán)境如何運(yùn)作。選項(xiàng)D“Theseconnectionsoftenusetechnologytotransformsoundininnovativeways(這些聯(lián)系通過技術(shù)以創(chuàng)新方式轉(zhuǎn)換聲音)”與“互動(dòng)環(huán)境”邏輯一致，強(qiáng)調(diào)技術(shù)應(yīng)用。符合邏輯。故選D?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Thisintegrationallowsforadynamicinterplaybetweensoundandimage.(這種集成允許聲音和圖像之間的動(dòng)態(tài)相互作用。)”可知，下文指出聲音與圖像結(jié)合這一新趨勢，選項(xiàng)E“Anothernotabledevelopmentistheintegrationoflivemusicintoartexhibitions(另一顯著發(fā)展是現(xiàn)場音樂與藝術(shù)展覽的結(jié)合)”直接點(diǎn)明主題，與下文呼應(yīng)。故選E?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Artistsarenowexperimentingwithsoundscapesthatextendbeyondtraditionalnarrative（敘述）structures,usingmusictoarouseemotionsandcreateatmosphereratherthansimplyunderlineplotpoints.(藝術(shù)家們現(xiàn)在正在嘗試超越傳統(tǒng)敘事結(jié)構(gòu)的音景，用音樂來激發(fā)情感和創(chuàng)造氛圍，而不是簡單地強(qiáng)調(diào)情節(jié)要點(diǎn)。)”可知，前文討論藝術(shù)家通過音景超越傳統(tǒng)敘事結(jié)構(gòu)，因此此處要總結(jié)音景對(duì)敘事的革新，選項(xiàng)B“Thisspecialartformoftenchallengestraditionalideasofstorytelling（這種藝術(shù)形式挑戰(zhàn)傳統(tǒng)敘事觀念）”符合邏輯。故選B?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Despitetheseinnovations,someartistsarguethattheintegrationofmusicintoartcansometimeshavedifferenteffectsfromtheprimaryvisualmessage.(盡管有這些創(chuàng)新，但一些藝術(shù)家認(rèn)為，將音樂融入藝術(shù)有時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生與主要視覺信息不同的效果。)”可知，前文提到音樂可能與視覺信息沖突，因此下文要對(duì)負(fù)面影響進(jìn)行解釋說明。選項(xiàng)G“Criticshavewarnedthattheoveruseofmusiccanstronglyimpacttheviewer’ssenses（批評(píng)者警告過度使用音樂會(huì)強(qiáng)烈影響觀眾感官）”支持前文的質(zhì)疑，邏輯連貫。故選G?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Toaddressthisconcern,manyartistsarenowfocusingoncreatingamoreharmoniousbalancebetweenmusicandvisualart.(為了解決這個(gè)問題，許多藝術(shù)家現(xiàn)在專注于在音樂和視覺藝術(shù)之間創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更和諧的平衡。)”可知，上文提到要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造更和諧的平衡，因此下文要總結(jié)這一趨勢的核心，選項(xiàng)C“Thistrendhighlightstheimportanceoffindingtherightbalancebetweenthem（這一趨勢突顯了找到兩者正確平衡的重要性）”直接點(diǎn)明主旨，呼應(yīng)上文，符合邏輯。故選C。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AmonthagotodayIstoodthere:90degreessouth,thetopofthebottomoftheworld.TogetherwithtwofriendsRichardandKevin,Ihadjustbrokentheworldspeedrecordfora(n)___21___totheSouthPole.We___22___fivedaysoffthepreviousbesttime.Meanwhile,Ibecamethefirstpersoninhistoryto___23___theentire650-milejourney,solelyonfeet,withoutskis.Imagine___24___asledwith170poundsofgearforsurvivalonthisAntarctictrek.We___25___amassiveheadwindat-40℃everysingleday.Andsomeofthecracksintheicehaveathinfootbridgeunderneaththatcould___26___atamoment’snotice,takingoursled,us,intotheabyss(深淵).Abouttwoyearsago,Imetanextraordinaryman,PeterThum,whosededication___27___metocomeupwiththisexpedition:aruntotheSouthPolewhere,witha(n)___28___website,Iwillbeabletobringyoungpeoplegloballyon___29___theexpeditionwithme.Sowewouldbebloggingtothesestudentsthatweretrackingusaswell.____30____,theywouldaskusquestions.Thewebsiteworkedbrilliantlyasatwo-waystreetof____31____.Amazingly,wearrivedattheSouthPole.Welookedateachotherwithlooksof____32____atwhatwehadjustcompleted,whichsetme____33____,“WhatdoItakefromthisjourney?”SixyearsbeforethatIhadbeenapack-a-daysmoker,living____34____.Now,withineveryfiberofmybeliefstandinghere,Iknowfromthisjourneythatwecanmaketheimpossiblepossibleandweare____35____ofdoinganythingwesetourmindsto.21.A.holiday B.expedition C.visit D.outing22.A.cut B.spent C.kept D.extended23.A.describe B.make C.create D.start24.A.providing B.driving C.pushing D.dragging25.A.explored B.observed C.braved D.measured26.A.meltaway B.giveway C.turndown D.holdback27.A.forced B.chose C.expected D.inspired28.A.interactive B.unusual C.familiar D.temporary29.A.blogging B.dancing C.skiing D.acting30.A.Intime B.Incommon C.Inturn D.Inparticular31.A.appearance B.transportation C.performance D.communication32.A.disbelief B.sadness C.confusion D.tiredness33.A.regretting B.reflecting C.complaining D.laughing34.A.healthily B.wonderfully C.inactively D.secretly35.A.relieved B.ashamed C.capable D.unaware【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.D25.C26.B27.D28.A29.A30.C31.D32.A33.B34.C35.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述作者與同伴打破南極探險(xiǎn)速度紀(jì)錄的經(jīng)歷，并通過互動(dòng)網(wǎng)站讓全球年輕人參與其中，最終感悟到人類潛能的無限性?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我和兩位朋友理查德和凱文剛剛打破了前往南極極點(diǎn)探險(xiǎn)的世界紀(jì)錄。A.holiday假期；B.expedition探險(xiǎn)；C.visit訪問；D.outing郊游。根據(jù)后文“totheSouthPole”及“Antarctictrek”可知，他們參加的是探險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們比之前的最佳時(shí)間縮短了五天。A.cut削減；B.spent花費(fèi)；C.kept保持；D.extended延長。根據(jù)上文“brokentheworldspeedrecord”可知，他們打破了記錄，所以是減少了時(shí)間。故選A。【23題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：與此同時(shí)，我成為歷史上第一個(gè)僅靠雙腳、不使用滑雪板完成整個(gè)650英里旅程的人。A.describe描述；B.make完成；C.create創(chuàng)造；D.start開始。根據(jù)下文“entire650-milejourney”可知，強(qiáng)調(diào)完成了整趟旅程?！癿akethejourney”為固定搭配，意為完成旅程。故選B。【24題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：想象一下在這次南極之旅中拖著一個(gè)裝有170磅生存裝備的雪橇。A.providing提供；B.driving駕駛；C.pushing推；D.dragging拖拽。根據(jù)下文“sledwith170poundsofgear”可知，費(fèi)力拖行一個(gè)裝有170磅生存裝備的雪橇。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們每天都要在零下40攝氏度的情況下頂著猛烈的逆風(fēng)前行。A.explored探索；B.observed觀察；C.braved勇敢面對(duì)；D.measured測量。根據(jù)下文“massiveheadwindat-40℃”可知，我們每天都要在零下40攝氏度的情況下頂著猛烈的逆風(fēng)前。故選C?！?6題詳析】考查短語辨析。句意：冰面上的一些裂縫下面有一座薄的人行橋，它可能會(huì)隨時(shí)坍塌，把我們的雪橇和我們一起帶入深淵。A.meltaway融化；B.giveway坍塌；C.turndown拒絕；D.holdback抑制。“giveway”指結(jié)構(gòu)坍塌。根據(jù)下文“intotheabyss(深淵).”可知，它可能會(huì)隨時(shí)坍塌。故選B?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：大約兩年前，我遇到了一個(gè)非凡的人，彼得·圖姆，他的奉獻(xiàn)精神激勵(lì)我發(fā)起了這次探險(xiǎn)。A.forced強(qiáng)迫；B.chose選擇；C.expected期望；D.inspired激勵(lì)。根據(jù)上個(gè)“dedication”可知，這種奉獻(xiàn)精神，激勵(lì)了作者。故選D?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一次前往南極極點(diǎn)的跑步探險(xiǎn)，通過一個(gè)互動(dòng)網(wǎng)站，我將能夠讓全球的年輕人和我一起參與這次探險(xiǎn)。A.interactive互動(dòng)的；B.unusual不尋常；C.familiar熟悉；D.temporary臨時(shí)。根據(jù)下文“two-waystreet”雙向互動(dòng)以及“askusquestions”可知，是通過一個(gè)互動(dòng)網(wǎng)站。故選A?！?9題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一次前往南極極點(diǎn)的跑步探險(xiǎn)，通過一個(gè)互動(dòng)網(wǎng)站，我將能夠讓全球的年輕人和我一起參與這次探險(xiǎn)。A.blogging博客互動(dòng)；B.dancing跳舞；C.skiing滑雪；D.acting表演。根據(jù)下文“bloggingtothesestudents”可知，此次活動(dòng)是線上參與。故選A。【30題詳析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：反過來，他們會(huì)問我們問題。A.Intime及時(shí)；B.Incommon共同；C.Inturn反過來；D.Inparticular尤其。根據(jù)下文“two-waystreet”可知，雙方是輪流交流。Inturn表示互動(dòng)順序。故選C?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)網(wǎng)站作為一個(gè)雙向交流的平臺(tái)運(yùn)行得非常好。A.appearance外觀；B.transportation運(yùn)輸；C.performance表現(xiàn)；D.communication溝通。前文提到問答互動(dòng)，以及根據(jù)上文“askusquestions”可知，這個(gè)網(wǎng)站作為一個(gè)雙向交流的平臺(tái)運(yùn)行得非常好。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們難以置信地看著彼此，對(duì)我們剛剛完成的事情感到震驚，這讓我反思：“我從這次旅程中學(xué)到了什么？”。A.disbelief難以置信；B.sadness悲傷；C.confusion困惑；D.tiredness疲憊。根據(jù)上文“Amazingly”可知，我們難以置信地看著彼此。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們難以置信地看著彼此，對(duì)我們剛剛完成的事情感到震驚，這讓我反思：“我從這次旅程中學(xué)到了什么？”。A.regretting后悔；B.reflecting反思；C.complaining抱怨；D.laughing大笑。根據(jù)下文“WhatdoItakefromthisjourney?”可知，這是作者的反思。故選B?！?4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：六年前我還是一個(gè)每天抽一包煙的人，生活不積極。A.healthily健康；B.wonderfully美妙；C.inactively不活躍；D.secretly秘密。根據(jù)上文“Ihadbeenapack-a-daysmoker”以及后文“maketheimpossiblepossible”可知，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的生活不健康，不積極。故選C。【35題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，站在這里，我內(nèi)心堅(jiān)信，從這次旅程中我知