江蘇省常州市2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期4月期中考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省常州市2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期4月期中英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）ATheGalapagosIslandsareaWorldHeritageSiteduetoitsstatusasa“l(fā)ivingmuseum”withahugeamountoflife.Sovisitorshaveahighlyimportantroletoplaywhenitcomestokeepingthisunique“currentoflife”flowing.·FlashphotographyisnotallowedThesun-kissedshoreswillprovideyouwiththenaturallightyouneedtotakethebestvacationphotos.Besides,flashphotographymightcausewildlifetoleaveitsnest.·ExplorewithanauthorizedguideTheywillberesponsibleforyoursafetyaswellastheconservationofeveryfragilesiteyouvisit.·Keepadistanceofatleast6feetfromthewildlifeThisistheonlywaytoguaranteebothyoursafetyandtheanimals’wellbeing.Therelationshipbetweenthewildlifeandvisitorswillmostlikelymakeyousmile.·ThrowallrubbishinthedesignatedcontainersThrowinginthewrongcontainerorjustaroundonthegroundisoutofthequestion.Itbringsdisturbingconsequencesforthelocalecosystem.·DonotpurchasesouvenirsmadefromplantsandanimalsIneconomy,there’sthelawofsupplyanddemand.Ifthere’snodemand,theproductionofanyproductstopshappening,andthat’sexactlywhatauthoritiesaretryingtodowithsouvenirsmadeoutofbannedplantsandanimalsinGalapagos!·MotorizedwaterentertainingvehiclesarenotallowedAsaresultofjusthowbeautifulanddelicatetheunderwaterenvironmentis,thesetypesofvehiclesmayscaretheanimalsawayor,evenworse,harmthem.1.WhatarevisitorsencouragedtodointheGalapagosIslands?A.Useflashforphotographyifnecessary. B.Ridewatervehicleswithguides.C.Throwrubbishinthenearestcontainers. D.Respectwildlife’spersonalspace.2.Whyarevisitorsadvisednottobuysouvenirsmadefromplantsandanimals?A.Itencouragesillegalproduction. B.Thesouvenirsareoflowquality.C.Thesouvenirsmaycarrydiseases. D.Itleavessouvenirsinshortsupply.3.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A.Inanofficialreport. B.Inapopularmagazine.C.Inatouristguidebook. D.Inatraveladvertisement.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章以游客為對象，明確列出參觀加拉帕戈斯群島時的行為規(guī)范（如禁止閃光燈、保持距離等）?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)·Keepadistanceofatleast6feetfromthewildlife(與野生動物保持至少6英尺的距離)部分“Thisistheonlywaytoguaranteebothyoursafetyandtheanimals’wellbeing.Therelationshipbetweenthewildlifeandvisitorswillmostlikelymakeyousmile.(這是保證你的安全和動物健康的唯一方法。野生動物和游客之間的關(guān)系很可能會讓你微笑)”可知，加拉帕戈斯群島鼓勵游客尊重野生動物的私人空間。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ineconomy,there’sthelawofsupplyanddemand.Ifthere’snodemand,theproductionofanyproductstopshappening,andthat’sexactlywhatauthoritiesaretryingtodowithsouvenirsmadeoutofbannedplantsandanimalsinGalapagos!(在經(jīng)濟中，有供需規(guī)律。如果沒有需求，任何產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)都將停止，而這正是當(dāng)局試圖用加拉帕戈斯群島被禁動植物制成的紀(jì)念品所做的事情！)”可知，游客不應(yīng)購買動植物制成的紀(jì)念品是因為它會鼓勵非法生產(chǎn)。故選A。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TheGalapagosIslandsareaWorldHeritageSiteduetoitsstatusasa“l(fā)ivingmuseum”withahugeamountoflife.Sovisitorshaveahighlyimportantroletoplaywhenitcomestokeepingthisunique“currentoflife”flowing.(加拉帕戈斯群島是世界遺產(chǎn)，因為它是一個擁有大量生命的“活博物館”。因此，在保持這種獨特的“生活之流”流動方面，游客扮演著非常重要的角色)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文以游客為對象，明確列出參觀加拉帕戈斯群島時的行為規(guī)范（如禁止閃光燈、保持距離等）。從而推知，文章選自在旅游指南。故選C。BHoldingaclothsnake,7-year-oldChenKaiming,madearemarkableappearanceastheleaddancerduringtheopeningperformanceofthe2025SpringFestivalGala.HisperformancebroughttheYinggedance,theover300-year-oldintangibleculturalheritage(非遺),backintothenationalspotlight.TheYinggedanceisafolkartformthatbeganinGuangdongProvince,combiningelementsofopera,danceandmartialarts.ItsperformancesareinspiredbythestoryofTheWaterMargin(水滸傳).SetduringtheSongDynasty(960-1279),thenoveltellsthestoryof108outlawswhogatherattheLiangshanMarshtofightagainstcruelrulers.TheYinggedanceusesthedancers’movements,costumesandfacialmakeuptoexpresstheheroicspiritofupholdingjusticeandfightingevil.Holdingaclothsnake,theleaddancercopiesthesnake’sdance.Hisgracefulstepsandgesturesguidetheteam'sdirection,rhythmandformation.Eachdanceradoptsahorse-ridingstance(姿勢),leapingsidewayswhilestrikingthestickstotherhythmofthedrums.In2006,PuningYinggedancewasrecognizedaspartofChina’snationalintangibleculturalheritage.Totrainthenextgenerationofdancers,ChenLaifachallengedthetraditionalnormsthatrestrictedparticipationtoadultmenbylaunchingthe“YinggeDanceinSchools”initiative.Thisprogramintroducedtheartformtoprimaryandsecondaryschools,andevenkindergartens.Theinitiativehasbeenwell-receivedbyparents,whobelieveitnotonlyimproveschildren’sphysicalfitnessbutalsoreducestheirrelianceonelectronicdevices.Also,Yinggedancehasembracedinnovationsinbothitsformandcontent.Forexample,theperformanceduringthe2025SpringFestivalGalakepttheessenceofthetraditionaldancewhileincludingmoderndanceelements,makingitmoreappealingtocontemporaryaudiences.Thisyear,YinggedanceteamsfromGuangdongwerealsoinvitedtoperformonoverseasstagesaspartofSpringFestivalcelebrations.“Thepreservationofintangibleculturalheritagerequiresnotonlythepassingdownofskillsbutalsoinnovationthatkeepsupwiththetimes,”saidLinLunlun,formerPresidentofHanshanNormalUniversity.4.WhataspectoftheYinggedancedoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Itsorigin. B.Itssignificance.C.Itsdevelopment. D.Itslegend.5.WhydidChenLaifalaunchthe“YinggeDanceinSchools”initiative?A.Toenrichchildren’sschoollife. B.Toengageyoungergenerations.C.Topromoteinternationalrecognition. D.Tomodernizethetraditionaldance.6.Whydoestheauthormentionthe2025SpringFestivalGalainParagraph5?A.ToshowtheYinggedance’spopularity. B.Togiveexamplesofgovernment’sefforts.C.Tocomparetraditionalandmoderndances. D.ToillustrateinnovationsintheYinggedance.7.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle?A.HeroicRhythms:TheSevereCrisisofYinggeDanceB.AncientBattlesReborn:TheMartialRootsofYinggeDanceC.DancingthroughDynasties:TheRenewalofYinggeDanceD.FromGuangdongtotheWorld:TheGlobalJourneyofYinggeDance【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了英歌舞的歷史傳承，以及在傳承中不斷發(fā)展和更新。【4題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“TheYinggedanceisafolkartformthatbeganinGuangdongProvince,combiningelementsofopera,danceandmartialarts.ItsperformancesareinspiredbythestoryofTheWaterMargin(水滸傳).(英歌舞是一種起源于廣東省的民間藝術(shù)形式，結(jié)合了戲曲、舞蹈和武術(shù)的元素。它的表演靈感來自《水滸傳》的故事。)”可知，本段講了英歌舞的起源，故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Totrainthenextgenerationofdancers,ChenLaifachallengedthetraditionalnormsthatrestrictedparticipationtoadultmenbylaunchingthe“YinggeDanceinSchools”initiative.(為了培養(yǎng)下一代舞者，ChenLaifa發(fā)起了“學(xué)校英歌”倡議，挑戰(zhàn)了只有成年男性才能參與的傳統(tǒng)規(guī)范。)”可知，ChenLaifa發(fā)起“英歌舞進校園”倡議是為了培養(yǎng)下一代舞者，也就是讓年輕一代參與到英歌舞中來。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Also,Yinggedancehasembracedinnovationsinbothitsformandcontent.Forexample,theperformanceduringthe2025SpringFestivalGalakepttheessenceofthetraditionaldancewhileincludingmoderndanceelements,makingitmoreappealingtocontemporaryaudiences.(此外，英歌舞在形式和內(nèi)容上都有創(chuàng)新。例如，2025年春晚期間的表演保留了傳統(tǒng)舞蹈的精髓，同時加入了現(xiàn)代舞元素，使其更能吸引當(dāng)代觀眾。)”可推斷，通過2025年春晚的例子來說明英歌舞在形式和內(nèi)容上的創(chuàng)新。故選D?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知文章主要講述了有著300多年歷史的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)英歌舞，介紹了它的起源、表演形式，以及為了傳承它所做的努力，包括“英歌舞進校園”倡議和在形式與內(nèi)容上的創(chuàng)新等，體現(xiàn)了英歌舞在傳承中不斷發(fā)展和更新。所以C選項“穿越朝代的舞蹈：英歌舞的復(fù)興”符合文章大意，適合作標(biāo)題，故選C。CAdecadeago,humanitylaunchedaround200objectsintospaceperyear.Nowwelaunchmorethan2,600,withnosignofslowingdown.ThisrapidexpansionofhumanactivityinouterspacehasfilledEarthorbitwithspacetrash(垃圾),fromdeadsatellitestoused-uprocketparts.Currentlytherearemorethan25,000piecesoftrackablehuman-madetrashorbitingEarth.Themoreweputupthere,thegreaterthechancethatpiecesofdebris(碎片)willstrikeworkingspacecraft,creatingevenmoredangeroustrash.Thedisastrouscrashin2009betweenthedeadRussiansatelliteCosmos2251andtheoperationalIridiumsatellite,forexample,generatednearly2,000piecesofdebris.Orbitalspaceisalimitedresource,andit’srapidlybeingconsumedbyafeworganizations,notablySpaceX,OneWebandAmazon’sProjectKuiper.SpaceX,forinstance,aimstolaunchtensofthousandsmoresatellitestoprovideglobalbroadbandInternetcoverage.Ifwekeepupthispace,orbitalspacewillbecomeunusable—especiallylowEarthorbit(LEO).Ifso,wemayloseserviceswe’vecometorelyon:continuouscommunications,GPSmapping,Internet,Earthmonitoring,andmore.Todaynearlyeverysatellitethatislaunchedisequaltoapieceofsingle-useplastic,inthatitistobecomedebris.Wearegivingeveryonefreeaccesswithoutglobalorganizationandplanning,whichmeanseventuallynoonemaybeabletouseit.Aswecontinuetopushtheboundariesofspaceexplorationandcommercialization,thereisagrowingmovementtorethinkourapproachtousingthespaceenvironment—tomovetoastrategyanchoredinsoundwaste-managementprinciples.Ibelievewemustleavebehindour“l(fā)inearspaceeconomy,”whereweuseandabandon,andmovetowarda“circularspaceeconomy”—awaytousespacethatemphasizesthereuse,recycling,andefficientmanagementofspaceresources.JustasweareconsideringhowtopreserveecosystemsonEarthforfuturelivingcreatures,wemustthinkofspaceasanenvironmentworthyofpreservation.Infact,reforminghowweoperateinspaceiscriticalforEarthconservation.8.Whatisthemainconcernaboutthecurrentuseoforbitalspace?A.Thehighcostsoflaunchingsatellites. B.Thespaceraceamongcountries.C.Thedecreasingusableorbitalspace. D.Theriskofcrashbetweendebris.9.Whydoestheauthorcomparelaunchedsatellitesto“single-useplastic”inParagraph4?A.TheypolluteEarth’senvironment. B.Theyareabandonedastrashafteruse.C.Theyareinexpensivetoproduce. D.Theyaredesignedforshort-termmissions.10.Whatsolutiondoestheauthorsuggesttotheproblemofspacedebris?A.Usingspaceresourcessustainably. B.Relocatingallsatellitestohigherorbits.C.Banningallcommercialsatellitelaunches. D.PrioritizingEarthconservationoverspaceexploration.11.What’sthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toraiseaquestion. B.Tomakeacomparison.C.Tomakeanappeal. D.Toinspiremorethoughts.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了軌道空間垃圾問題及其可持續(xù)利用的必要性。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Orbitalspaceisalimitedresource,andit’srapidlybeingconsumedbyafeworganizations,notablySpaceX,OneWebandAmazon’sProjectKuiper.(軌道空間是一種有限的資源，且正迅速被少數(shù)組織消耗殆盡，其中尤其以SpaceX、OneWeb和亞馬遜的“柯伊伯計劃”最為突出)”以及第四段中“Ifwekeepupthispace,orbitalspacewillbecomeunusable—especiallylowEarthorbit(LEO).(如果我們繼續(xù)這個速度，軌道空間將變得無法使用——尤其是近地軌道（LEO）)”可知，當(dāng)前使用軌道空間的主要擔(dān)憂是可用的軌道空間正在減少。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Todaynearlyeverysatellitethatislaunchedisequaltoapieceofsingle-useplastic,inthatitistobecomedebris.(今天，幾乎每一顆發(fā)射的衛(wèi)星都等同于一塊一次性塑料，因為它最終會成為碎片)”可知，作者將發(fā)射的衛(wèi)星比作“一次性塑料”，是因為它們在使用后被當(dāng)作垃圾丟棄。故選B?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Ibelievewemustleavebehindour“l(fā)inearspaceeconomy,”whereweuseandabandon,andmovetowarda“circularspaceeconomy”—awaytousespacethatemphasizesthereuse,recycling,andefficientmanagementofspaceresources.(我認(rèn)為，我們必須摒棄那種“線性空間經(jīng)濟”——即使用后就丟棄的模式，轉(zhuǎn)而走向一種“循環(huán)空間經(jīng)濟”——一種強調(diào)空間資源的再利用、回收和高效管理的空間利用方式)”可知，作者建議通過可持續(xù)地利用空間資源來解決空間碎片問題。故選A?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“JustasweareconsideringhowtopreserveecosystemsonEarthforfuturelivingcreatures,wemustthinkofspaceasanenvironmentworthyofpreservation.Infact,reforminghowweoperateinspaceiscriticalforEarthconservation.(正如我們在考慮如何保護地球上的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以供未來生物生存一樣，我們必須將空間視為一個值得保護的環(huán)境。事實上，改革我們在太空中的運作方式對地球保護至關(guān)重要)”可知，最后一段的目的是發(fā)出呼吁，呼吁人們重視空間環(huán)境的保護。故選C。DIfastrangerofferedyouafreecookie,youmighteatit.Butwhatiftheyalsoofferedtogiveyou$2?Youmightpolitelydecline,thinking“Somethingsmellsfishy.”Arecentstudyfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney”becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue.”Theresearchersbridgeeconomicsandpsychologytoexplainwhyencouragingspecificactionsbyofferingmoneycanboomerang.Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40%ofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely—comparedwithabout20%ofthoseoffered$2aswell.“Peopletypicallyimaginethatsomeonedidsomethingbadtothecookie,”saysthestudyleadAndrewJ.Vonasch.Ninefurtherexperimentsusedonlinequestionnairestopresentothersituations.Theseincludedshockinglyhighwagesforaconstructionjob,andsurprisinglycheapflights.Ineachcase,higherfinancialgainreducedparticipants’likelihoodofacceptingtheoffer.Vonaschsaystheresultsarecontrarytothe“standardeconomicmodel,”whichsupposesthathumansalwaysseektomaximizegains.Deals,heargues,needtobeviewedassocialinteractionsbetweenpeopletryingtounderstandeachother’sminds.Ifsomeoneseemstogoagainstacceptedrulessuchasself-interestwithoutexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotivesandinfertherewillbe“phantom(幻影)costs.”Thistermreferstoimaginedconsequencesthatreducetheextenttowhichitallowsthereceivertofeelbetter.Wefearthefutureconsequencesofothers’seemingovergenerosity,whichcouldhelpexplainpeople’sunwillingness.Anotherexperimentfoundthathighscorersonmeasuresofdistrustinferredmorephantomcosts.Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtoreducetheeffect:simplyprovideareasonforthedeal.The“cheapflights”experimentincludedaconditionwheretheseatswererevealedtobeveryuncomfortable.“Uncomfortableseatsaren’ttypicallyasellingpoint,”Vonaschsays.“Buttellingpeoplethisfactmadethemmorewillingtotaketheseseatsbecauseitwasasufficientexplanation.”ThescientistsarealsoexperimentingwithrobotandAlinteractions.“IfAIisoverlygenerous,willpeopleimaginephantomcosts?”Vonaschsays.“PeopletendtotreatAIasifithasamind,whenobviouslyitdoesn’t.”12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boomerang”inParagragh2mean?A.Bringimmediatesuccess. B.Drawpublicattention.C.Produceunintendedresults. D.Becompletelyignored.13.Whatdoestheterm“phantomcosts”imply?A.Ifyou’relessselfish,youwillfeelbetter. B.Peopletendtomaximizeeconomicgains.C.Ifitsoundstoogoodtobetrue,itprobablyis. D.Peoplefavorfuturereturnsoverinstantbenefits.14.Whatdoesthe“cheapflights”experimentdemonstrate?A.Peopleprefercheaperoptions. B.Providingareasonreducesdistrust.C.Distrustincreasesphantomcosts. D.Peoplelikeoverlygenerousoffers.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.AIismoretrustworthythanhumans. B.PeopletrustandacceptAI’soffersreadily.C.AI’slackofamindremovespeople’sdistrust. D.PeoplemaystillinferAI’shiddenintentions.【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們往往會拒絕“免費的錢”這樣的提議，因為覺得“好得令人難以置信”。研究人員通過實驗解釋了這種現(xiàn)象背后的原因，即人們會認(rèn)為對方有隱藏的動機，存在“幻影成本”，并介紹了如何減少這種不信任的影響，還探討了人工智能過度慷慨時人們的反應(yīng)?！?2題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Arecentstudyfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney”becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue.”Theresearchersbridgeeconomicsandpsychologytoexplainwhyencouragingspecificactionsbyofferingmoneycanboomerang.(最近的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們傾向于拒絕“免費的錢”的提議，因為它們似乎“好得令人難以置信”。研究人員結(jié)合經(jīng)濟學(xué)和心理學(xué)來解釋為什么通過提供金錢來鼓勵特定行為會boomerang)”及下文實驗中人們拒絕了看似更有經(jīng)濟利益的提議，可推知，提供金錢鼓勵行為卻得到了拒絕的結(jié)果，即產(chǎn)生了意想不到的結(jié)果。由此可知，劃線詞boomerang意思是“產(chǎn)生意想不到的結(jié)果”，與“Produceunintendedresults.”意思相符。故選C項?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Ifsomeoneseemstogoagainstacceptedrulessuchasself-interestwithoutexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotivesandinfertherewillbe“phantom(幻影)costs.”Thistermreferstoimaginedconsequencesthatreducetheextenttowhichitallowsthereceivertofeelbetter.Wefearthefutureconsequencesofothers’seemingovergenerosity,whichcouldhelpexplainpeople’sunwillingness.(如果有人似乎在沒有解釋的情況下違背了諸如利己主義等公認(rèn)的規(guī)則，我們就會認(rèn)為他們有隱藏的動機，并推斷會有“幻影成本”。這個術(shù)語指的是想象中的后果，這些后果會降低接受者感覺良好的程度。我們擔(dān)心別人看似過度慷慨的行為會帶來的未來后果，這可以解釋人們?yōu)槭裁床辉敢饨邮?”可推知，“phantomcosts(幻影成本)”意味著如果某件事聽起來好得令人難以置信，那么它很可能就是有問題的。故選C項?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的“Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtoreducetheeffect:simplyprovideareasonforthedeal.The“cheapflights”experimentincludedaconditionwheretheseatswererevealedtobeveryuncomfortable.“Uncomfortableseatsaren’ttypicallyasellingpoint,”Vonaschsays.“Buttellingpeoplethisfactmadethemmorewillingtotaketheseseatsbecauseitwasasufficientexplanation.”(研究人員還展示了如何減少這種影響：只需為交易提供一個理由?！傲畠r航班”實驗包括一個條件，即座位被揭示為非常不舒服。Vonasch說：“不舒服的座位通常不是賣點。但告訴人們這個事實會讓他們更愿意坐這些座位，因為這是一個充分的解釋。”)”可知，“廉價航班”實驗表明提供一個理由可以減少不信任。故選B項。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的““IfAIisoverlygenerous,willpeopleimaginephantomcosts?”Vonaschsays.“PeopletendtotreatAIasifithasamind,whenobviouslyitdoesn’t.”(Vonasch說：“如果人工智能過于慷慨，人們會想象出幻影成本’嗎？人們傾向于把人工智能當(dāng)作有思想的東西，而顯然它沒有。”)”可推知，即使人工智能沒有思想，人們也可能仍然會推斷出人工智能隱藏的意圖。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。其中有兩項為多余選項。Green-eyedmonsterItisalltoohumantofeelenviousofothers’success,butwhatcanwedowhenthosefeelingsthreatentoovercomeus?Theobvioussolutionwouldbetoavoidcomparingourselvestothepeoplearoundus.____16____Humansaresocialcreatures,andourstandingwithinagroupwouldhaveseriousconsequencesforourwelfare.Asaresult,weunavoidablyuseothersasameasureofoursuccess.Thiscankillsatisfactionwe’vegainedfromourachievements.____17____Therelativerankingofpeople’searnings,comparedwithfriendsorcoworkers,mattersmoreforlifesatisfactionthanhowmuchtheyearn.Thisisthesamecaseinotheraspectslikeeducationorintelligence.Itishowwematchuptoothersthatshapeshowgoodwefeelaboutourselves.Envymaybeworsenedbya“focusingillusion(幻想)”.____18____Weimaginethatoursuccessfulfriendislivinginaconstantstateofjoy,andforgetthattheyhavetofaceeverydaydifficultieslikeanargumentwiththeirpartnerorthedeathofapet.Inonestudy,participantswereaskedtoimagineapeerwithadesirablelife.Simplyremindingthemofthe“smallannoyances”thispersonregularlyfacedsignificantlyreducedtheirenvy.____19____Realizingthisshouldmakeusthinktwiceaboutwishingourselvesinanother’sshoes.Whenwearefeelingbitter,wemightalsointerpretothers’achievementsasevidencethatourowngoalsareachievable.Tryrememberingallthethingswithinyourcontrol,andmakeastep-by-stepplanofhowyoumightachievethat.____20____Wemayneverescapesocialcomparison.Whenlifegivesussourgrapes,however,wecanchoosetomakewinefromthosemomentarilybitterfruits.A.Butthatiseasiersaidthandone.B.Itreferstoahabitoffocusingonourfailures.C.Sowecan’thelpenvyingfriends’promotion.D.Wecanseethisinhowpeoplethinkoftheirincome.E.Itdescribesfixingonasingleaspectofsomeone’slife.F.Wecanneverknowwhatemotionalproblemssomeonemayhave.G.Inthissense,feelingenviouswillmotivateyoutotakepositiveactions.【答案】16.A17.D18.E19.F20.G【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了如何處理嫉妒情緒?！?6題詳析】上文“Theobvioussolutionwouldbetoavoidcomparingourselvestothepeoplearoundus.(顯而易見的解決辦法是避免將自己與周圍的人進行比較)”提到，解決辦法是避免將自己與周圍的人進行比較，結(jié)合下文“Humansaresocialcreatures,andourstandingwithinagroupwouldhaveseriousconsequencesforourwelfare.Asaresult,weunavoidablyuseothersasameasureofoursuccess.(人類是社會動物，我們在群體中的地位會對我們的福利產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的影響。因此，我們不可避免地把別人作為衡量自己成功的標(biāo)準(zhǔn))”可知，人類是社會動物，我們不可避免地把別人作為衡量自己成功的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因此“避免將自己與周圍的人進行比較”這一辦法很難做到，A項“但說起來容易做起來難”符合語境，故選A?！?7題詳析】上一段末句“Thiscankillsatisfactionwe’vegainedfromourachievements.(這會扼殺我們從成就中獲得的滿足感)”提到，和別人進行比較會扼殺我們從成就中獲得的滿足感，下文“Therelativerankingofpeople’searnings,comparedwithfriendsorcoworkers,mattersmoreforlifesatisfactionthanhowmuchtheyearn.(與朋友或同事相比，人們收入的相對排名對生活滿意度的影響比他們收入的多少更大)”通過收入的例子說明上文觀點，D項“我們可以從人們?nèi)绾慰创约旱氖杖胫锌吹竭@一點”承上啟下，符合語境，故選D?！?8題詳析】上文“Envymaybeworsenedbya‘focusingillusion(幻想)’.(嫉妒可能會因‘聚焦幻想’而惡化)”提到“聚焦幻想”，空處應(yīng)是解釋其含義，E項“它描述的是專注于某人生活的某一方面”符合語境，且和下文“Weimaginethatoursuccessfulfriendislivinginaconstantstateofjoy,andforgetthattheyhavetofaceeverydaydifficultieslikeanargumentwiththeirpartnerorthedeathofapet.(我們想象我們成功的朋友一直生活在快樂的狀態(tài)中，而忘記了他們必須面對日常的困難，比如與伴侶的爭吵或?qū)櫸锏乃劳?”內(nèi)容相吻合，故選E?！?9題詳析】上文“Simplyremindingthemofthe‘smallannoyances’thispersonregularlyfacedsignificantlyreducedtheirenvy.(僅僅是提醒他們這個人經(jīng)常遇到的‘小煩惱’，就能大大減少他們的嫉妒心)”提到，提醒參與者別人會經(jīng)常遇到‘小煩惱’會減少他們的嫉妒心，下文“Realizingthisshouldmakeusthinktwiceaboutwishingourselvesinanother’sshoes.(意識到這一點，我們應(yīng)該在希望自己處在別人的位置時三思而后行)”提到在希望自己處在別人的位置時三思而后行，即不會再想要成為別人，因此空處是關(guān)于別人的困境描述，F(xiàn)項“我們永遠(yuǎn)不可能知道一個人可能有什么樣的情感問題”符合語境，故選F?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Whenwearefeelingbitter,wemightalsointerpretothers’achievementsasevidencethatourowngoalsareachievable.Tryrememberingallthethingswithinyourcontrol,andmakeastep-by-stepplanofhowyoumightachievethat.(當(dāng)我們感到痛苦時，我們可能也會把別人的成就解釋為我們自己的目標(biāo)可以實現(xiàn)的證據(jù)。試著記住你能控制的所有事情，然后制定一個循序漸進的計劃)”可知，此處是說用別人的成就激勵自己，這是描述嫉妒的積極意義，G項“從這個意義上說，嫉妒會激勵你采取積極的行動”符合語境，故選G。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。WhenIboughtahousefouryearsago,Iimmediatelybegandesigningmydreamgarden,____21____toremovetheweedsandplantsomevegetablesorflowers.Isoondiscovered,however,thatthesoilwas____22____,clay-heavyandlitteredwithstones.Inprevious,much____23____gardens,I’dfixitwithafewbagsofhigh-qualitysoil.Now,itwasneitherpracticalnor____24____possibletoreplacethisvastquantityofdirt.____25____,IdecidedtorepairwhatIalreadyhad.The____26____beforemewastorestorethesoil’svitality.Itriedtoapplytwomethods:minimizingsoildisturbanceand____27____biodiversity.Whereoncetherewasonlygrass,Imadeapond,awildflowerfieldandvegetablesbeds.Iletplantsgrowina____28____way.Ialsointroduceddifferentplants,breathingnewlifeintoits____29____communities.InMay,Idecidedto_____30_____afloweringplant.AsIdugtheplantout,allmanneroflife_____31_____.Earthworms(蚯蚓)swungfromtheroots.Adaddylonglegs(長腳蜘蛛)_____32_____forshelter.BelowtheplantIevennoticedthefinewhitefungalmycelium(真菌菌絲).Runningmyfingersthroughthesoil,IunderstoodclearlythatI_____33_____muchmorethanmyyard—itcompletelychangedthewayIthinkaboutsoil.It’snotsimplyasa(n)_____34_____forlife,butasalivingthinginitsownright.Ithasacapacityforactive_____35_____.Itgrows.Itbreathes.Anditcandie.21.A.offering B.managing C.intending D.hesitating22.A.unstable B.unreliable C.unnoticed D.unproductive23.A.smaller B.brighter C.prettier D.older24.A.academically B.socially C.financially D.mentally25.A.Additionally B.Likewise C.Otherwise D.Therefore26.A.puzzle B.challenge C.conflict D.guidance27.A.monitoring B.prioritizing C.reducing D.assessing28.A.friendly B.careful C.decent D.natural29.A.local B.ecological C.rural D.economical30.A.relocate B.recover C.renew D.rewater31.A.revealed B.emerged C.suffered D.disappeared32.A.called B.waited C.arrived D.hurried33.A.developed B.maintained C.transformed D.facilitated34.A.essence B.virtue C.medium D.milestone35.A.self-awareness B.self-discipline C.self-satisfaction D.self-preservation【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.C25.D26.B27.B28.D29.B30.A31.B32.D33.C34.C35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者通過改造貧瘠花園土壤的經(jīng)歷，認(rèn)識到土壤是活的生命體，具有自我維持能力，徹底改變了對土壤的認(rèn)知?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我四年前買了房子，我立即開始設(shè)計我的夢想花園，打算清除雜草，種植一些蔬菜或鮮花。A.offering提供；B.managing設(shè)法做到；C.intending打算；D.hesitating猶豫。根據(jù)上文“Iimmediatelybegandesigningmydreamgarden”可知作者開始設(shè)計夢想花園，所以是打算做一些事情，清除雜草等，故選C?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我很快發(fā)現(xiàn)，那里的土壤貧瘠，粘土重，到處都是石頭。A.unstable不穩(wěn)定的；B.unreliable不可靠的；C.unnoticed未注意到的；D.unproductive貧瘠的。根據(jù)下文“clay-heavyandlitteredwithstones”可知粘土重，到處都是石頭，所以那里的土壤應(yīng)是貧瘠的，故選D。【23題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在以前的小花園里，我會用幾袋高質(zhì)量的土壤來修復(fù)它。A.smaller更小的；B.brighter更明亮的；C.prettier更漂亮的；D.older更舊的。根據(jù)下文“replacethisvastquantityofdirt”可知需要大量的高質(zhì)量土壤取代這些泥土，說明以前的花園小，故選A。【24題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，既不現(xiàn)實，也不經(jīng)濟，不可能取代這么大量的泥土。A.academically學(xué)術(shù)上；B.socially社會上；C.financially經(jīng)濟上；D.mentally精神上。根據(jù)下文“replacethisvastquantityofdirt”可知要用大量的高質(zhì)量土壤取代這些泥土，說明既不現(xiàn)實，也不經(jīng)濟，故選C?！?5題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，我決定修復(fù)我已經(jīng)擁有的東西。A.Additionally此外；B.Likewise同樣地；C.Otherwise否則；D.Therefore因此。根據(jù)前文說既不現(xiàn)實，也不經(jīng)濟，而下文說我決定修復(fù)我已經(jīng)擁有的東西，所以是因果關(guān)系，故選D?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是恢復(fù)土壤的活力。A.puzzle謎題；B.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.conflict矛盾；D.guidance指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)下文“torestorethesoil’svitality”可知要恢復(fù)土壤的活力對于作者來說是挑戰(zhàn)，故選B。【27題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我嘗試了兩種方法：減少土壤干擾和優(yōu)先考慮生物多樣性。A.monitoring監(jiān)測；B.prioritizing優(yōu)先考慮；C.reducing減少；D.assessing評估。根據(jù)下文“Whereoncetherewasonlygrass,Imadeapond,awildflowerfieldandvegetablesbeds.(曾經(jīng)只有草的地方，我做了一個池塘，一個野花地和蔬菜田。)”可知作者優(yōu)先考慮生物的多樣性，故選B?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我讓植物自然生長。A.friendly友好的；B.careful仔細(xì)的；C.decent得體的；D.natural自然的。根據(jù)上文“minimizingsoildisturbance”減少對土壤的干擾，說明是讓植物自然生長。故選D?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我還引進了不同的植物，為它的生態(tài)群落注入了新的生命。A.local當(dāng)?shù)氐?；B.ecological生態(tài)的；C.rural農(nóng)村的；D.economical經(jīng)濟的。根據(jù)上文“Ialsointroduceddifferentplants”可知引進了不同的指物，所以是為生態(tài)群落注入了新的生命，故選B?！?0題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：今年5月，我決定重新安置一株開花植物。A.relocate重新安置；B.recover恢復(fù)；C.renew更新；D.rewater再澆水。根據(jù)下文“AsIdugtheplantout”可知是重新安置這株植物，故選A?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我把植物挖出來時，各種各樣的生命都冒了出來。A.revealed揭示；B.emerged出現(xiàn)；C.suffered遭受；D.disappeared消失。根據(jù)下文“Earthwormsswungfromtheroots.Adaddylonglegs________forshelter.”可知是各種各樣的生命都冒了出來，故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一個長腿蜘蛛急忙找地方躲。A.called(for)要求；B.waited(for)等待；C.arrived到達，一般不和for搭配；D.hurried(for)匆忙尋求。根據(jù)下文“forshelter”可知是找地方躲藏，故選D?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的手指穿過泥土，我清楚地明白，我改變的不僅僅是我的院子——它完全改變了我對土壤的看法。A.developed發(fā)展；B.maintained維持；C.transformed改變；D.facilitated促進。根據(jù)下文“itcompletelychangedthewayIthinkaboutsoil”可知作者認(rèn)為自己改變的不僅僅是院子，所以是change的同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選C?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它不僅僅是生命的介質(zhì)，它本身就是一種有生命的東西。A.essence本質(zhì)；B.virtue美德；C.medium介質(zhì)；D.milestone里程碑。根據(jù)上文“itcompletelychangedthewayIthinkaboutsoil”可知作者改變了對土壤的看法，所以認(rèn)為土壤不僅僅是生命的介質(zhì)，故選C?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它有主動自我保護的能力。A.self-awareness自我意識；B.self-discipline自律；C.self-satisfaction自我滿足；D.self-preservation自我保護。根據(jù)下文“Itgrows.Itbreathes.”可知它有主動自我保護的能力，故選D。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheParthenonisagrandtemplelocatedontheAcropolisinAthens,Greece.BuiltinthefifthcenturyBC,itstandsas____36____(prove)ofancientGreece’sculturalandartisticaccomplishments.Inparticular,its