三湘名校教育聯(lián)盟2024-2025學年高二下學期期中考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1三湘名校教育聯(lián)盟2024-2025學年高二下學期期中考試英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C1.Howdidthemangettothemuseum?A.Bytrain. B.Bybus. C.Bytaxi.【答案】C【原文】W:Didyougettothemuseumontime?M:No.Thetrainsweren’trunning,andthefirsttwobusesthatcamealongweresocrowdedthatIcouldn’tgeton.Atlast,Ijumpedintoataxi.2.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Intheclassroom. B.Athome. C.Inahospital.【答案】B【原文】W:Youlookunhappy,Tom.Whathappened?M:Mum,myclassmateslaughedatmycomposition.W:Really?Letmereaditafterdinner.MaybeIcangiveyousomeadvice.3.Whenwillthewoman’sflighttakeoff?A.ThisFriday. B.ThisSaturday. C.ThisSunday.【答案】C【原文】M:Linda,areyoutravelingtoNewYorkthisSaturday?W:No,therewerenoflightticketsforOct.20,soIbookedaticketforOct.21.M:Well,Iwishyouagoodtrip.4.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.It’sextremelyhotoutside. B.Hewantstogoswimming. C.Swimmingisgoodforhealth.【答案】A【原文】W:I’mgoingswimming.Doyouwanttocome?Ithelpsyoutoloseweight.M:No,Ican’tswimoutsidenow.Lookatthesun!Icanjuststandoutsideandsweat.Whataday!5.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofbuildingaschoolnow?A.Itisgoodtimingtobuildit.B.Itshouldhavebeenbuiltearlier.C.Shedoubtstheeffectoftheplan.【答案】B【原文】M:Thecitycouncilhasfinallyvotedthefundstobuildanewhighschool.W:It’sabouttimetheydidit.Idon’tknowwhattookthemsolong.Don’ttheyunderstandthateducationisveryimportantforthedevelopmentofacity?第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whatcausedthemantofailinhisgeographycourse?A.Tightschedules. B.Difficultquestions. C.Poorpreparations.7.Whatdidthewomandoforanexam?A.Makesomeflashcards.B.Reviewhernotesrepeatedly.C.Getthegeneralideaofatopic.【答案】6.C7.B【原文】W:What’sthehardestexamortestyou’veevertaken?M:Probablytheexamattheendofthefirstyearofmygeographycourseatuniversity.Notbecausethequestionswereverydifficult,butbecauseI’ddonesolittleworkforit.W:Oh,itisapity.M:Haveyoueverdoneanexamwhereeverythingwentwrong?W:Ohyes.IthoughtI’ddonequitewellinmychemistryexameventhoughitwasatightschedule,butIfailedit.M:Howdidyouusuallyprepareforabigexam?W:Iusedtoreadnotesoverandoveragain.Whataboutyou?M:Oh,Ioftenuseflashcardsorattempttooutlinekeypointsofatopicwithoutlookingatthematerial.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Toplaceanorder.B.Toinquirehisdelayeddelivery.C.Tocomplainaboutthepackage.9.Howlongcanthemanwait?A.Twohours. B.Thirtyminutes. C.Fortyminutes.10.Whatservicewillthewomanoffer?A.Prioritydelivery. B.Fullrefund. C.Freeshipping.【答案】8.B9.C10.A【原文】M:Goodafternoon,thisisHarryStills.I’mcallingtoaskaboutadeliveryIhavebeenexpecting.W:Goodafternoon,MrStills.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:Iplacedinorderofacomputeryesterdayandwassupposedtobeherebynoon,butherewearetwohourslaterandIamstillwaiting.W:I’msorryaboutthat.Therearemorepackagesthanusualtodayandthedeliverymanisontheroadandshouldarriveinthirtyminutes.M:Areyousure?Ihavetoleaveinfortyminutesforanappointment,soIneedtomakesureIhaveitbeforethen.W:Iunderstand.Iwillcallhimrightnowandaskhimtomakeyouthefirststopagain.Iapologizeforthedelay.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Ahomedecorationplan. B.Theborrowingofachair. C.Thebenefitsofpainting.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors. B.Husbandandwife. C.Colleagues.13.WhatisBilldoing?A.Paintingthechair. B.Sittingonthechair. C.Decoratingthewalls.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【原文】M:Goodmorning,Mrs.Robinson.CanIuseyourlong-leggedchair,please?Myroofneedsrepairing.W:I’mafraidIcan’tlendittoyounow.Mr.Smith.I’llpassittoyouthisafternoonbecausemyhusband,Bill,isusingit.Heispainting.M:Painting?That’sveryinteresting!Hemustbeveryinterestedinit.W:Oh,no.Heisn’tinterestedinpaintingatall.M:Heisn’t?Ithoughthewasgoodatart.W:Oh,no.Heisnotpaintingartworks.Heispaintingthesittingroom.Oh,becareful.Thepaintmaymakeyourclothesdirty.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.WhatdoesKevinthinkofabstractart?A.Ithaslastingartisticvalue.B.Itmakeslittlesensetohim.C.Itappealsmainlytochildren.15.Whatimpressiondidthefirstpaintinggivethewoman?A.Hopefulness. B.Nervousness. C.Coldness.16.Whatcolorwasusedforthebackgroundinthesecondpainting?A.Green. B.Purple. C.Red.17.WhatwillKevinprobablydothisSaturday?A.Attendanartclass. B.Visitanexhibition. C.Buyanabstractpainting.【答案】14.B15.C16.A17.B【原文】W:HiKevin.I’vejustgotbackfromtheArtGallery.There’sawonderfulshowofabstractart.Youshouldhavecomewithme.M:Idon’tknow.Abstractartseemslikechildren’spaintingtome.W:Well,ifyoudon’tunderstandwhattheartististryingtocommunicate,itcanseemalittlelikethat.M:Whatdidyouseethen?W:Thereweretwopaintingsthatimpressedmemost.ThefirstisahugeonewhichIsupposedthetreealthoughitcouldhavebeenanything.M:Whatdidyoulikeaboutit?W:Justthewaythetreelooked.Itwaslikethetreewasmadeofhardmetal,andthemixofwhiteandgraymadeeverythinglooklikeitwaswinter,freezingwinter.M:That’ssomething.Whatabouttheotherone?W:Thesecondlookedlikeapieceofgrassland.Allthegrasswaspurpleandred,andtherewasgreenskyinthebackground.Ilookedatitandthoughtofsummer.M:Hmm,yourdescriptionreallyteachesmesomethingaboutappreciatingabstractart.MaybeIshouldgoandgivethisshowatrythisSaturday.W:Youreallyshould.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。18.Howmanyofthetop10winnersarefromPeru?A.One. B.Two. C.Three.19.WheredoesKorencKarelcomefrom?A.Zambia. B.TheUnitedStates. C.TheCzechRepublic.20.WhatdoesMarkusHanischsayaboutShaolinkungfu?A.Itencouragespeopletokeepahealthylifestyle.B.Itplaysanimportantroleinhispersonalgrowth.C.Itpromotesculturalexchangesbetweencountries.【答案】18.A19.C20.C【原文】The2024ShaolinGamesFinalsconcludedwiththosewhoplacedinthetop10earningthetitleof“ShaolinKungFuStar”.Twoofthetop10winnerswerefromtheChinesemainland;onewasfromMacao;twowerefromAustralia;therewasonewinnereachfromtheCzechRepublic,Austria,theUnitedStates,PeruandZambia.KorencKarel,the18-year-oldCzechwinner,saidplacinginthetop10wasatestamenttohisyearsofdedicationtothemartialart.Shaolinculturepromotesahealthylifestyle,equippingpeopletonavigatelife’schallengeswhilemaintainingphysicalandmentalbalance.Thecompetitionattractedinternationalparticipants,suchas32-year-oldItaliancompetitorMarkusHanisch.“Shaolinkungfuplaysanimportantroleinbridgingculturesbetweencountries.”Hanischsaid.WaraLucero,acompetitorfromBolivia,highlightedthepersonalgrowthfosteredbyShaolinkungfutraining第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAGuidetoDivingintheGalapagosIslandsDivingintheGalapagosIslandsisadreamcometrueforalldivers,oftenfeaturedhighonadventurousdivers’bucketlists.Whetheryou’reabeginnerseekinggentlewatersalivewithmarine(海洋的)life,oranexperienceddiverthirstyforexcitingencounters,theGalapagosIslandsalwayshassomethingextraordinarytooffer.TheBestTimeforDivingGalpagosisayear-rounddestination.Whenitcomestodiving,thebesttimetoseeuniqueanimalsisduringthedryseason,fromJunetoNovember.Duringthisperiod,watersarecooler,offeringenhancedvisibilityandincreasedopportunitiestowitnesshammerheadsharksandturtles,amongothers.EssentialEquipmentMask,snorkel,andfinsprovideclearvisionunderwaterandenableyoutomoveswiftlythroughthewater.Wetsuitandhoodkeepyouwarmandcomfortablefromcoldwaters.Theregulatorisavitaldevicethatconnectstotheairtank,allowingyoutobreatheeffortlesslyunderwaterwhilereducingtheair’sintensepressure.Thedivecomputertracksthedepth,divetime,anddecompression(減壓)limits.LevelsofdifficultyBeginnerdivesareidealfornewcomers,whichoffercalmwaters,minimalcurrents,aneye-openingviewofbiodiversityanddepthsunder12meters.Intermediatedivesaresuitablefordiversconfidentinopenwaters,reachingdepthsofupto30meters.Advanceddivesfeaturestrongcurrents,limitedvisibility,anddepthsbeyond30meters,andadventurousspiritisamust.TopDiveSitesRecommendedKickerRock—Encountereagleraysandvibrantschoolsoffish.SantaFe—Enjoycrystal-clearwatersandplayfulsealions.NorthSeymour—Exploreavastsandybottomat15meters.Mosquera—Braveroughwatersandspotblack-tipreefsharks.21.WhencandiversbestobserveuniqueanimalsintheGalapagos?A.InJanuary. B.InMarch.C.InSeptember. D.InDecember.22.Whatisonekeyuseofadivecomputer?A.Reducingairpressure.B.Helpingmanagedivingconditions.C.Controllingwetsuittemperature.D.Showingunderwaterlocation.23.Whichdivesitemostsuitsanadvanceddiverseekingachallenge?A.SantaFe. B.KickerRock.C.Mosquera. D.NorthSeymour.【答案】21.C22.B23.C【語篇解讀】文章是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要講述了在加拉帕戈斯群島潛水的相關(guān)信息，包括最佳潛水時間、必備裝備、潛水難度等級以及推薦的潛水地點等內(nèi)容?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whenitcomestodiving,thebesttimetoseeuniqueanimalsisduringthedryseason,fromJunetoNovember(說到潛水，觀察獨特動物的最佳時間是旱季，即6月到11月)”可推知，9月在6月到11月之間，適合觀察獨特動物。故選C?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thedivecomputertracksthedepth,divetime,anddecompressionlimits(潛水電腦能追蹤深度、潛水時間和減壓限制)”可知，潛水電腦主要作用是幫助潛水員管理潛水條件。故選B?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Advanceddivesfeaturestrongcurrents,limitedvisibility,anddepthsbeyond30meters,andadventurousspiritisamust(高級潛水的特點是有強水流、有限的能見度和超過30米的深度，而且必須要有冒險精神)”以及“Mosquera—Braveroughwatersandspotblack-tipreefsharks(莫斯克拉——要勇敢面對洶涌的海水并發(fā)現(xiàn)黑鰭礁鯊)”可知，莫斯克拉潛水點的條件符合高級潛水員所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。BThissummer,theflavoroffreshlybakedbreadandspicesfilledtheCrissyFieldCenter—notfromchefs,butfrommiddleschoolersintheUrbanTrailblazersprogramperfectingtheirkitchenskills.Fromfoodhistorytofood-centeredfieldtrips,theprogramallowedthemtousetheirsensestoengagemoredeeplywiththenaturalworld.“Wewantyoungpeopletothoughtfullyconsidertheirdecisionstheyweremakingatgrocerystoresandecologicalfootprint.”saidErnestoPepito,theprogram’sdirector.Thesix-weekprogrambeganwiththebasicsofreading,writing,andpresentingrecipes.Students’firstassignment?Bringinadishwithculturalorpersonalsignificance.Classesincludedpracticingknifeskills,exploringheatcontrol,andpairingflavorsbythemselves.Theydevelopedarichvocabularyaswelltodescribewhattheyweredoing.Studentsalsosteppedouttogaindeeperinsightintofoodorigins.OnafieldtriptoAlemanyFarm,theyjournaledtheirsensoryexperiencesamongrowsofripeningproduce.AvisittotheMarinFarmers’Marketintroducedthemtolocalfarmers,sustainablegrowingpractices,andunfamiliarfruitsandvegetables.StudentsalsovisitedtheJapaneseTeaGardenandConservatoryofFlowersandrealizedthere’smoretoexplore,evenintheirownbackyards.Backinthekitchen,breadweekwasahit.Afterexploringthehistoryofbreadacrosscultures,eachstudentselectedarecipetoresearch,bake,andpresent.Bysharingthestoriesbehindtheirloaves,theywovehistory,tradition,andpersonalmeaningintotheircreations.Overtime,thestudentsnotonlymasteredrecipesbutalsodevelopedconfidence.SamTran,MiddleSchoolProgramsmanagerattheCrissyFieldCenter,recalledastudentwhoinitiallyhadnointerestincooking.“Bytheend,hewasexperimentingathomewithhisdad,bakingloafafterloafofbananabread.”“Actually,thatisanoutcomewedidn’tforesee,”Pepitoadded.“Butit’sreallypowerfulthatyoungpeoplecrossthatthreshold(門檻)offeararoundtryingsomethinginthekitchen,andareabletobringthathome.”24.WhatarestudentsexpectedtodoaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Learnexpertcookingskills.B.Supporteco-friendlyagriculture.C.Promotehealthyeatinghabits.D.Connectfoodchoiceswithnature.25.Howdotheclassesandfieldtripsoftheprogrambenefitstudents?A.Byemployingexperientiallearning.B.Byfollowingstep-by-stepcookingrules.C.Byclarifyingfoodtheoriesandhistory.D.Byassigningindependentresearchtasks.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Creatingpersonalrecipes.B.Developingadifferenthobby.C.Gainingnewfoundconfidence.D.Buildingacloserfamilybond.27.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthistext?A.IntheKitchenandBeyondB.HowCookingShapesYoungMindsC.ANewGenerationofChefsD.ExploringFoodfromFarmtoTable【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了UrbanTrailblazers項目，該項目通過教授中學生烹飪技能、組織實地考察等活動，幫助他們更深入地了解食物與自然的關(guān)系，培養(yǎng)他們的生態(tài)意識?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Fromfoodhistorytofood-centeredfieldtrips,theprogramallowedthemtousetheirsensestoengagemoredeeplywiththenaturalworld.‘Wewantyoungpeopletothoughtfullyconsidertheirdecisionstheyweremakingatgrocerystoresandecologicalfootprint.’saidErnestoPepito,theprogram’sdirector.(從食物歷史到以食物為中心的實地考察，該項目讓他們能夠利用自己的感官更深入地與自然世界互動。該項目的主任ErnestoPepito說：‘我們希望年輕人能夠深思熟慮地考慮他們在雜貨店做出的決定以及他們的生態(tài)足跡?！?”可知，學生被期望將食物選擇與自然聯(lián)系起來。故選D項?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Classesincludedpracticingknifeskills,exploringheatcontrol,andpairingflavorsbythemselves.(課程包括練習刀工、探索溫度控制以及自己搭配口味)”和第三段“Studentsalsosteppedouttogaindeeperinsightintofoodorigins.OnafieldtriptoAlemanyFarm,theyjournaledtheirsensoryexperiencesamongrowsofripeningproduce.AvisittotheMarinFarmers’Marketintroducedthemtolocalfarmers,sustainablegrowingpractices,andunfamiliarfruitsandvegetables.StudentsalsovisitedtheJapaneseTeaGardenandConservatoryofFlowersandrealizedthere’smoretoexplore,evenintheirownbackyards.(學生們還走出去，深入了解食物的來源。在參觀阿勒馬尼農(nóng)場時，他們在成排成熟的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品中記錄了自己的感官體驗。參觀馬林農(nóng)貿(mào)市場讓他們了解了當?shù)剞r(nóng)民、可持續(xù)種植方法以及不熟悉的水果和蔬菜。學生們還參觀了日本茶園和花卉溫室，意識到即使是在自己的后院，也有更多的東西值得探索)”可知，課程包括練習刀工、探索溫度控制以及自己搭配口味，實地考察包括參觀農(nóng)場、農(nóng)貿(mào)市場、日本茶園和花卉溫室等，這些課程和實地考察都讓學生親身體驗，從而更深入地了解食物和自然。因此，這些課程和實地考察通過體驗式學習使學生受益。故選A項?！?6題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段中“Overtime,thestudentsnotonlymasteredrecipesbutalsodevelopedconfidence.(隨著時間的推移，學生們不僅掌握了食譜，還培養(yǎng)了信心)”和第六段“‘Actually,thatisanoutcomewedidn’tforesee,’Pepitoadded.‘Butit’sreallypowerfulthatyoungpeoplecrossthatthreshold(門檻)offeararoundtryingsomethinginthekitchen,andareabletobringthathome.’(‘實際上，那是我們沒有預(yù)料到的結(jié)果，’Pepito補充道?！贻p人能夠克服在廚房嘗試新事物的恐懼，并能夠把這種信心帶回家，這是非常有力的?！?”可知，指示代詞that指代上文提到的“學生獲得新的信心”。故選C項?！?7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Thissummer,theflavoroffreshlybakedbreadandspicesfilledtheCrissyFieldCenter—notfromchefs,butfrommiddleschoolersintheUrbanTrailblazersprogramperfectingtheirkitchenskills.Fromfoodhistorytofood-centeredfieldtrips,theprogramallowedthemtousetheirsensestoengagemoredeeplywiththenaturalworld.(今年夏天，新鮮出爐的面包和香料的味道彌漫在CrissyField中心——不是來自廚師，而是來自參加UrbanTrailblazers項目的中學生，他們正在完善自己的廚藝。從食物歷史到以食物為中心的實地考察，該項目讓他們能夠利用自己的感官更深入地與自然世界互動)”和最后一段中“Butit’sreallypowerfulthatyoungpeoplecrossthatthreshold(門檻)offeararoundtryingsomethinginthekitchen,andareabletobringthathome.(但年輕人能夠克服在廚房嘗試新事物的恐懼，并能夠把這種信心帶回家，這是非常有力的)”可知，文章主要介紹了UrbanTrailblazers項目，該項目不僅在廚房內(nèi)教授學生烹飪技能，還在廚房外組織實地考察，幫助他們更深入地了解食物與自然的關(guān)系，培養(yǎng)他們的生態(tài)意識，同時學生也獲得了新的信心。因此，A項“IntheKitchenandBeyond(在廚房內(nèi)外)”最能概括文章內(nèi)容，適合做文章標題。故選A項。CAstheawardsseasonapproaches,studentsandteacherswillgathertocelebrateacademicperformance,citizenship,leadershipandextracurricular(課外的)excellence.Schoolsbilltheseawardsasawaytorecognizestudents’achievements.Butaretheyagoodidea?Thephilosophybehindtheseawardsistosolidifypositivebehaviorsandencouragestudentstoexcel.Thisconceptisrootedinbehaviourismtoeducation,apsychologicaltheorythatsuggestsexternalrewardscanshapebehavior.Butsuchrewardsdonotnecessarilyleadtolastingengagement.Oncethedesireforrewardfade,thebehavioroftendoesn’tstick.Researchhasalsoshownawardscansometimesdomoreharmthangood.Whenstudentsfocusonearninganawardratherthanenjoyingtheactivity,theirmotivationshiftsfrominternaltoexternal.Thismeanstheymightparticipateonlyforthesakeoftheaward,ratherthanforthejoyoflearningorpersonalgrowth.AUSstudyofschool-agedchildrenfoundthatthosewhosaid“IaskquestionsinclassbecauseIwanttolearnnewthings”achievedhigheracademicthanthosewhosaid“Ilikeschoolsubjectswhereit’sprettyeasytojustlearntheanswers”.Beyondaffectingmotivation,awardscanalsoleadchildrentogrowdependentonexternalrecognition.Whenkidsgetusedtoseekingapprovalthroughawards,theymaystruggletofindself-worthintheirownefforts.Forthekidswhodon’treceiveawards,theymayfeelinadequateordiscouraged,especiallyifthesamefewchildrenarealwayscelebrated.Thissituationcancreateafixedmindsetwherekidsthinktheirabilitiescan’tchangeorprogress,asopposedtoagrowthmindsetwherestudentsfirmlybelievetheycanbecomebetterthroughhardwork,goodstrategiesandhelpfromothers.Thisisnottosayschoolsshouldnevergivestudentsawards.Forparentsandeducators,whetherkidsreceiveanawardornot,therearealwaysalternativestotalkaboutttheirachievementsattheendoftheschoolyear.28.WhatissuggestedabouttheimpactofawardsinParagraph2?A.Temporary. B.Motivating.C.Overestimated. D.Transformative.29.Howdoawardsnegativelyaffectstudents’academicperformance?A.Theycreateoverconfidenceinstudents.B.Theyweakenstudents’internalmotivation.C.Theymisleadstudentsinproblem-solving.D.Theydiscouragestudentsfromseekinganswers.30.Whatdistinguishesagrowthmindsetfromafixedone?A.Faithinself-improvement.B.Goodacademicperformance.C.Preferenceforexternalapproval.D.Activeclassroomengagement.31.Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?A.Whyschoolsrefusetogiveupawards.B.Howtoencouragekidsbeyondawards.C.Whyschoolsseekalternativestoawards.D.Howtoteachkidsself-worthwithoutawards.【答案】28.A29.B30.A31.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了學校給學生獎勵這種方法的弊端?！?8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thephilosophybehindtheseawardsistosolidifypositivebehaviorsandencouragestudentstoexcel.(這些獎項背后的理念是鞏固積極的行為，鼓勵學生超越)”和“Butsuchrewardsdonotnecessarilyleadtolastingengagement.Oncethedesireforrewardfade,thebehavioroftendoesn’tstick.(但這樣的獎勵并不一定會帶來持久的參與。一旦對獎勵的渴望消退，這種行為通常就不會堅持下去)”可知，本段雖提及了獎勵是為了鞏固積極的行為，鼓勵學生超越，但隨后強調(diào)這樣的獎勵并不一定會帶來持久的參與。一旦對獎勵的渴望消退，這種行為通常就不會堅持下去，這說明第二段意在強調(diào)獎勵的影響是短暫的，為后續(xù)段落論證awards的不良影響做好鋪墊，因此正確答案是A。選項B.Motivating：第二段暗示了獎勵的激勵作用并不持久；選項C.Overestimated“被高估的”，本段沒有提及；選項D.Transformative“變革性的”，雖然獎勵可能會在短期內(nèi)產(chǎn)生某種影響，但不會改變?nèi)藗兊母緞訖C或行為。故選A?！?9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Whenstudentsfocusonearninganawardratherthanenjoyingtheactivity,theirmotivationshiftsfrominternaltoexternal.Thismeanstheymightparticipateonlyforthesakeoftheaward,ratherthanforthejoyoflearningorpersonalgrowth.(當學生專注于獲得獎勵而不是享受活動時，他們的動機就會從內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)移到外部。這意味著他們可能只是為了獎勵而參加，而不是為了學習或個人成長的樂趣)”可知，獎勵可能會讓學生更關(guān)注外部獎勵而非學習本身，導(dǎo)致他們的動機從內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)移到外部，并且意味著他們可能只是為了獎勵而參加，而不是為了學習或個人成長的樂趣，也就是說，獎勵會削弱學生的內(nèi)在學習動力。故選B?！?0題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Thissituationcancreateafixedmindsetwherekidsthinktheirabilitiescan’tchangeorprogress,asopposedtoagrowthmindsetwherestudentsfirmlybelievetheycanbecomebetterthroughhardwork,goodstrategiesandhelpfromothers.(這種情況會造成一種固定思維，孩子們認為他們的能力不會改變或進步，而不是成長型思維，學生們堅信他們可以通過努力工作，好的策略和他人的幫助變得更好)”可知，固定思維(fixedmindset)的人認為自己的能力是固定的，無法改變，而成長型思維(growthmindset)的人則相信通過努力、策略和幫助可以進步。兩者之間的區(qū)別在于是否相信自己的能力會得到提升。故選A?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。最后一段中“Forparentsandeducators,whetherkidsreceiveanawardornot,therearealwaysalternativestotalkaboutttheirachievementsattheendoftheschoolyear.(對于家長和教育者來說，無論孩子是否獲得獎勵，在學年結(jié)束時總是有其他的選擇來談?wù)撍麄兊某删?”提到，無論孩子是否獲得獎勵，在學年結(jié)束時總是有其他的選擇來談?wù)撍麄兊某删?，這表明接下來的內(nèi)容可能會討論如何在沒有獎勵的情況下鼓勵孩子。對于選項A.Whyschoolsrefusetogiveupawards，文章沒有暗示學校抗拒放棄獎勵；對于選項C.Whyschoolsseekalternativestoawards，“alternatives”只是討論的一部分，重點在于如何鼓勵學生；對于選項D.Howtoteachkidsself-worthwithoutawards，這里涉及的自我價值，解讀前文后可發(fā)現(xiàn)，其范圍較窄。故選B。DFromabove,carsinchingdownthehighwaylooklikeants.Butactualantsmanagetoavoidthestop-and-gotraffic.Researchersarenowlearningfromantstoprogramself-drivingcarsthatdon’tjamup.Thefreeflowoftrafficbecomesunstableasvehicledensity(密度)increasesonahighway.At15vehiclespermilepertrack,onedriverhittingtheirbrakes(剎車)cancauseapersistentwaveofjam.Thisphenomenon,knownasaphasetransition,issimilartohowwaterfreezesintoice,explainsNishinari,amathematicalphysicistattheUniversityofTokyo.Antscanmaintaintheirflowinhigh-densityconditions.BystudyingOchetellussants,researchersdiscoveredtheirsecret:theytravelinsmallgroups,moveatnearlyconstantrates,withspacebetweenoneanother—andtheydon’tspeeduptopassothers.Humandriversatrushhour,honestly,“areprioritizingpersonalconvenience”,saysstudyco-authorNicolaPugno.Butself-drivingcars,ifwidelyadopted,couldbeengineeredtocooperatelikeants.Inthefuture,thesevehicleswouldsharereal-timedatawithnearbycarstofacilitatesmoothertrafficflowbyadjustingspeedandspacingorbynotovertakingothers.Thisvehiclenetworkismodeledafterhowantscoordinate(協(xié)同)usingsmellsratherthanfollowingaleader.“Thereisnoleader.”explainsPinter-Wollman,abehavioralscientistcurrentlystudyingantsattheUCLA,yettheirmovementremainsorganized.Andinbothantandvehicletraffic,thisdecentralizedsystemcanbe“very,verystrong”andadaptive,Nishinarisays.Still,antshaveadvantagesthatself-drivingcarslack.Pinter-Wollmanpointsout,“Antssimplyexpandpathwaysaswideastheyplease,unlikecarsstuckonhighways.Whentheyhitajaminatunnel,theyjustclimbthewallorwalkontheceiling.Plus,antsnevercrash;ifoneisintheway,theyliterallystepoveritandkeepmoving.”Today’sdriverscanlearnatleastonethingfromantstoavoidcausingatrafficjam:keepaway.Keepingasafedistancefromthecaraheadpreventsbrakingwavesfromturningintofull-blowntrafficjams.“Justkeepingaway.”hesays,canhelptrafficflowsmoothly.32.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Whataphasetransitionexplains.B.Howstabletrafficstartstobreakdown.C.Whyvehicledensityimpactstraffic.D.Whentrafficjamsbecomeunavoidable.33.Whatcanself-drivingcarsdotoimprovetrafficflow?A.Communicatepurposefully.B.Overtakeothersintelligently.C.Functioncooperatively.D.Preventsuddenbrakingsmarty.34.Whatisakeyfeatureofthisant-inspirednetworkinself-drivingcars?A.Disregardingphysicalroadlimitations.B.Organizingtrafficunderasingleleadercar.C.Adaptingbypredictingdriverbehavior.D.Workingthroughself-organizedcoordination.35.InwhattonedoesPinter-Wollmandescribeants’advantagesovercars?A.Scholarly. B.Humorous. C.Reflective. D.Inspirational.【答案】32.B33.C34.D35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了研究人員從螞蟻身上學習，以編程自動駕駛汽車避免交通堵塞?！?2題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thefreeflowoftrafficbecomesunstableasvehicledensity(密度)increasesonahighway.At15vehiclespermilepertrack,onedriverhittingtheirbrakes(剎車)cancauseapersistentwaveofjam.Thisphenomenon,knownasaphasetransition,issimilartohowwaterfreezesintoice,explainsNishinari,amathematicalphysicistattheUniversityofTokyo.(隨著高速公路上車輛密度的增加，交通的自由流動變得不穩(wěn)定。在每英里每車道15輛車的情況下，一名司機踩剎車可能會導(dǎo)致持續(xù)的擁堵。東京大學的數(shù)學物理學家Nishinari解釋說，這種現(xiàn)象被稱為相變，類似于水結(jié)冰的過程。)”可知，第二段主要討論了穩(wěn)定的交通如何開始崩潰。故選B?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Butself-drivingcars,ifwidelyadopted,couldbeengineeredtocooperatelikeants. Inthefuture,thesevehicleswouldsharereal-timedatawithnearbycarstofacilitatesmoothertrafficflowbyadjustingspeedandspacingorbynotovertakingothers.(但如果自動駕駛汽車被廣泛采用，它可以像螞蟻一樣協(xié)同工作。未來，這些車輛將與附近的汽車共享實時數(shù)據(jù)，通過調(diào)整速度和間距或不超車來促進更平穩(wěn)的交通流。)”可知，自動駕駛汽車可以通過協(xié)同工作來改善交通流量。故選C。【34題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Thisvehiclenetworkismodeledafterhowantscoordinate(協(xié)同)usingsmellsratherthanfollowingaleader.“Thereisnoleader.”explainsPinter-Wollman,abehavioralscientistcurrentlystudyingantsattheUCLA,yettheirmovementremainsorganized.Andinbothantandvehicletraffic,thisdecentralizedsystemcanbe“very,verystrong”andadaptive,Nishinarisays.(這種車輛網(wǎng)絡(luò)是模仿螞蟻如何使用氣味而不是跟隨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者進行協(xié)調(diào)的。“沒有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。”目前在加州大學洛杉磯分校研究螞蟻的行為科學家Pinter-Wollman解釋道，但他們的移動仍然是有組織的。Nishinari說，在螞蟻和車輛交通中，這種分散的系統(tǒng)可以“非常、非常強大”和自適應(yīng)。)”可知，這種受螞蟻啟發(fā)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的關(guān)鍵特征是通過自我組織的協(xié)調(diào)工作。故選D?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Pinter-Wollmanpointsout,“Antssimplyexpandpathwaysaswideastheyplease,unlikecarsstuckonhighways.Whentheyhitajaminatunnel,theyjustclimbthewallorwalkontheceiling.Plus,antsnevercrash;ifoneisintheway,theyliterallystepoveritandkeepmoving.”(Pinter-Wollman指出：“螞蟻可以隨意拓寬道路，不像汽車會被困在高速公路上。當它們在隧道里遇到堵塞時，它們就爬墻或者在天花板上行走。此外，螞蟻永遠不會相撞；如果有一只螞蟻擋路，其他螞蟻真的會從它身上跨過去，然后繼續(xù)前進。”)”可知，Pinter-Wollman用幽默的語氣描述了螞蟻的優(yōu)勢。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Awarenessofthefastfashion’sproblemsisgrowing,butprogressinslowfashionremainsslow.Arecentsurveyrevealedthatwhile74%ofshoppersrecognizetheenvironmentalimpactoftheirconsumptionhabitsand50%viewfastfashionasharmful,72%stillpurchaseitfortheconvenienceandunbeatableprices.____36____Youdon’tevenneedtobuyanythingnewtostart.First,takecareofwhatyoualreadyown.Extendthelifespanofyourclothesbyfollowingpropercareinstructions—machinewashingatlowtemperaturesandairdryingwheneverpossibletoconserveenergy.Learningbasicsewingskillscanhelpyourepairminorwearandtearwhilestain(污漬)removaltechniqueskeepclotheslookingfresh.Ifmendingisn’tyourstrength,considervisitingatailororalocalrepaircafe.____37____Next,shopmindfully.Anoverflowingclo