Unit1 Welcome to the unit and Reading 詞匯精講課堂

版本：新譯林單元：選擇性必修二

Unit1

(Welcometotheunit—Reading)詞匯課堂1.criticalcrit(tojudge判斷)+-ic(名詞后綴)+-al(形容詞后綴)→總是作判斷的→批判性的詞塊：becriticalabout/of,

criticalthinking2.trap基本義：陷阱隱喻：具體的“陷阱”→抽象的“圈套”詞塊：betrappedin3.releasere-(back)+leas(toloosen松開)+-e→

放開；松開(基本義)4.extendex-(out向外)+tend(tostretch伸)→伸開；伸出(基本義)5.constructioncon-(together一起)+struct(堆砌、建造)+-ion→(一起)建造的行為→建造；建筑詞塊：underconstruction6.dozen音譯詞“打”詞塊：dozensof(近義詞：lotsof)本單元詞匯梳理7.minor反義詞：major；詞塊：minorinjuries/matters/problems8.bath詞塊：have/takeabath9.scream詞塊：letout/giveascream10.cigarette詞塊：acigaretteend11.automaticauto(self自己)+matic(think思考)→自己思考的→自動的；派生詞：automatically12.investigate派生詞：investigation13.comeabout近義詞：happen14.journalist&journalismjournal(報紙、刊物)

+-ist(從事……的人)→新聞記者journal(報紙、刊物)

+-ism(名詞后綴)→新聞業(yè)；新聞工作15.priorityprior(先前的、優(yōu)先的)+-ity(名詞后綴)→優(yōu)先考慮的事→優(yōu)先事項詞塊：atoppriority16.contradictcontra-(against相反)+dict(tospeak說)→說法相反→相矛盾；相反；同根詞：contradictory17.factualfact+-ual(形容詞后綴）18.forinstance近義詞：forexample19.differ詞塊：differfrom(=bedifferentfrom)詞族：differ,difference,different,differently,indifferent20.conclusionconclude(推斷出)

—conclusion詞塊：rushtoaconclusion,arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion,inconclusion(=finally)21.false反義詞：true詞塊：falseteeth/hair22.minimum&maximumminimum與maximum為反義詞minimum詞塊：aminimumof,ataminimummaximum

詞塊：amaximumof23.sumsum來源于拉丁語summus

(最高的)。在一組數(shù)字里面，古羅馬人喜歡從底向上計數(shù)，然后把總數(shù)放在頂部。sum的詞源義即為“總數(shù)

(total)”。詞塊：alarge/smallsumofmoney,sumup派生詞：summary,summarise24.accurateac-(=ad-,to去)+cur(totakecareof注意、小心)+-ate(形容詞后綴)→再三注意的→精確的同根詞：curious；反義詞：inaccurate派生詞：accurately,accuracy25.committed&commitment詞族：commit(選必二Unit4),committed,commitmentcommit：com-(together)+mit(tosend)committed詞塊：becommittedtocommitment詞塊：makeacommitmenttodo/doingsth26.curiositycurious(必修三Unit2)—curiosity詞塊：curiosityabout,satisfy/arousesb’scuriosity,outofcuriosity重難點詞精講release

一詞多義extend一詞多義critical一詞多義trap一詞多義differ搭配義詞族conclude&conclusion搭配義priorityscream一詞多義英語釋義sum一詞多義搭配義commit&committed&commitment詞族crit(tojudge判斷)+-ic(名詞后綴)+-al(形容詞后綴)→愛作判斷的→批判性的criticaladj

批判性的；挑剔的：Studentsareencouragedtodevelopcriticalthinkinginsteadofacceptingeverythingtheyaretoldwithoutquestioningit.

嚴重的；危急的：Smarttoiletswillwarnyouearlyonifthereissomethingabnormalorifyouhaveacriticalillness.

緊要的；關(guān)鍵的extremelyimportant：Thefirst24hoursaftertheoperationarethemostcritical.Thesetalksarecriticaltothefutureofthepeaceprocess.critical《生活大爆炸》中Sheldon多次引用“It’satrap!”，模仿《星球大戰(zhàn)》中的阿克巴上將。《星球大戰(zhàn)6（絕地歸來）》中，阿克巴上將在一次戰(zhàn)役歸來時發(fā)現(xiàn)自己中了帝國伏擊艦隊的圈套，說出了“It’satrap!（這是個陷阱）”。阿克巴上將這句略帶喜感的臺詞后來成為了經(jīng)典，被廣大《星球大戰(zhàn)》的粉絲所熟知。traptrap

n[C]

（捕鳥獸的）陷阱；夾子；羅網(wǎng)：set/lay/placeatrapformice

（陷害人的）圈套；詭計：fallinto/getoutofatrap

牢籠；困境：theunemploymenttrapSomepeoplefeelthatmarriageisatrap.vt

設陷阱捕捉；夾??；卡?。篒t’scrueltotrapbirds.Itrappedmycoatinthecardoor.

把……困??；使陷入困境：Havingbeentrappedintraffic,hewaslateforwork.

留存；儲存（氣體/水等）：BecauseofthegreenhouseeffecttheEarthiswarmedbygasestrappedintheatmosphere.名詞動詞化trap語義網(wǎng)絡圖陷阱trap（基本義）困住動物等的“陷阱”（捕鳥獸的）陷阱；夾子；羅網(wǎng)牢籠；困境設陷阱捕捉；夾??；卡住n抽象的“陷阱”困住人的“陷阱”（陷害人的）

圈套；詭計把……困??；使陷入困境vreleaseHI,MOM（《你好，李煥英》）wasreleased

on12February,2021.Themovie’sticketsalesaddedupto4billionyuanonSunday,just10daysafteritsrelease.

放開；松開

tostopholdingsth(letgo)：Don’treleasetherope.

釋放；排放

toletsb/sthcomeoutofaplacewheretheyhavebeenkeptortrapped：releaseaprisonerThefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,makingtheairdirty.releasevtre-(back)+leas(toloosen松開)+-e→

放開；松開(基本義)

首映（電影）；發(fā)行（CD、書等）；發(fā)布（新聞等）：releaseamovie/newversion

發(fā)泄；宣泄：Physicalexerciseisagoodwayofreleasingstress.

解雇release

n

[U]［可用單數(shù)］放走；釋放；排放；宣泄：areleasefromprisonthereleaseofhomingpigeons

[U]［可用單數(shù)］發(fā)行；發(fā)布：ThesoftwareisplannedforreleaseinApril.

[C]發(fā)行的影片等；發(fā)布的新聞等：thelatestrelease放開release（基本義）release

語義網(wǎng)絡圖放開某物的保密狀態(tài)為公眾所知放開某物放開被困的人/物放開；松開釋放；排放首映（電影）；發(fā)行（CD、書等）；發(fā)布（新聞等）放開情感發(fā)泄；宣泄將某人從職務或責任中放開解雇nv放走；釋放；排放；宣泄發(fā)行；發(fā)布發(fā)行的影片等；發(fā)布的新聞等放開release（基本義）ex-(out向外)+tend(tostretch伸)→伸開；伸出(基本義)extend詞源解讀extendv

vt

伸開；展開；伸出：Extendyourleft

hand.

vt&vi（使）延伸；（使）延長：Thisroadextendstotheriver.TheirstayextendstotheNewYear.Thetravelersdecidedtoextendtheirvisittoseemoreaboutthebeautifulcountry.使身體部位伸開/伸出使距離或時間伸開/伸出

vt&vi（使）擴大；（使）擴展：anextendedfamilyThecompanyextendeditsservicestoHongKong.

vt[正式用語]提供；給予：Thechairmanextendedawarmwelcometotheguestspeaker.Iwouldliketoextendmythankstoallourteachers,parentsandfamilies,whohavedonesomuchforusovertheyears.使業(yè)務或影響伸開/伸出使行動、情感等伸開/伸出至某人處extensionn[C]&[U]

延伸；擴大；延長期：avisaextensionThewirehasanextensionof

50feet.Theextensionof

thegardenwilltakeseveralweeks.ThepubhadanextensiononChristmasEve.

擴建部分：Thecityisbuildinganextensiontothesubwayline.

電話分機；分機號碼：Extension326,please!byextension[正式用語]再則

extend語義網(wǎng)絡圖

伸開/伸出extend（基本義）使身體部位伸開/伸出使距離或時間伸開/伸出使業(yè)務或影響伸開/伸出伸開；展開伸出（使）延伸；（使）延長（使）擴大；（使）擴展使行動、情感等伸開/伸出至某人處提供；給予scream《吶喊》（TheScream），愛德華·蒙克1893年的作品。這幅畫是表現(xiàn)主義繪畫的代表。畫作的主體是在血紅色映襯下一個極其痛苦的表情。紅色的背景源于1883年印度尼西亞喀拉喀托火山爆發(fā)，火山灰把天空染紅了。蒙克將畫面中沉悶、焦慮并且孤獨的情感，表現(xiàn)到了一種極致。愛德華·蒙克（1863—1944），挪威表現(xiàn)主義畫家、版畫復制匠，現(xiàn)代表現(xiàn)主義繪畫的先驅(qū)。其主要作品有《吶喊》（TheScream）、《生命之舞》、《卡爾約翰街的夜晚》等。screamv

vi&vt（因疼痛、興奮、恐懼等）尖叫：TheChallengerhadexplodedinmid-airandweallstartedscreaming.screamin/withfear/pain/laughter

vt&vi高聲喊；尖聲叫(yell)：Thetrappedpassengersscreamedforhelp.Hescreamedathertogoaway.

vi（機器、汽笛等）發(fā)出尖銳刺耳的聲音；（風）呼嘯：Thewindscreamedthroughthetrees.n[C]尖叫聲；尖銳刺耳的聲音：give/letoutascreamascreamoflaughter基本義出于某種目的“尖叫”機器、風等“尖叫”priority在國外旅游時，搭乘地鐵或電車，會發(fā)現(xiàn)每節(jié)車廂都設有PrioritySeat/Seating（優(yōu)先座），類似于國內(nèi)的“愛心座位”，即優(yōu)先讓老、弱、病、殘、孕使用的座位。priorityn

[C]優(yōu)先事項sththatismoreimportantorthatyoumustdobeforeanythingelse：Educationisatoppriority.Nowadaysthepriorityfortravellingisshiftedfromshoppingtofoodandscenery.2019江蘇

[U]優(yōu)先權(quán)：Clubmemberswillbegivenpriority.prior(先前的、優(yōu)先的)+-ity(名詞后綴)→優(yōu)先考慮的事項→優(yōu)先事項priority詞源解讀differvi

不同；相異；有區(qū)別(vary)：AmericanandBritishEnglishdifferinmanysmallways.Howdothetouristsdifferfromlocalpeople?

不同意；意見不合(disagree)：Wedifferon/overthematter.Ibegtodiffer恕我不敢茍同：—Onlythosewhohavealotincommoncangetalongwell.—Ibegtodiffer.Oppositessometimesdoattract.2016江蘇同族詞：differ,difference,different,differently,indifferentconclusion高考鏈接根據(jù)所給漢語，完成句子。_______________（總之）weshouldtakepartinsportsandoutdooractivitiesfrequently.（2014江西書面表達）

FinallyLastlyInsummaryInconclusionconclusion來自conclude，學conclusion之前需要先學conclude

vt推斷出；斷定toformanopinionastheresultofthoughtorstudy：Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?2014江西Aristotleconcludedthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightones.

vi&vt[正式用語]結(jié)束；終止toendortobringsthtoanend：Thestoryconcludedwithahappyending.Toconclude,I’dliketoexpressmythankstomyfamily.concludesthwith/bydoingsth:Dadconcludedourphoneconversationwiththewords,“Paul,Iloveyou.”Heconcludedhisspeechbywishingeveryoneasafetriphome.conclude

v

選擇性必修必二Unit4conclusion

n[C]

結(jié)論；推論：make/rushtoaconclusionjumptoconclusionsThejudge’sconclusionwasthatMrSmithwasinnocent.

［常用單數(shù)］［正式用語］結(jié)束；結(jié)尾

(end)：Whenhebroughthisspeechtoaniceconclusion,histeacherinvitedtherestoftheclasstopraisehim.2019全國改常用搭配arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出結(jié)論：Theycametoaconclusionthatitwasathiefwhohadstolentheirdiamondnecklace.Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion.inconclusion最后；總之(finally)：Inconclusion,Iwouldliketothankeveryonewhohashelpedus.Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldprotectthewaterresources.2010福建書面表達改sumdoasumsum做算術(shù)總和sum詞源解讀sum來源于拉丁語summus（最高的）。在一組數(shù)字里面，古羅馬人喜歡從底向上計數(shù)，然后把總數(shù)放在頂部。sum的詞源義即為“總數(shù)（total）”。sumn[C]

[常用單數(shù)]總數(shù)；總和；全部：Thesumoftwoandtwoisfour.Thatisthesumofourexperience.

金額：alarge/smallsumofmoney

算術(shù)：doasuminone’sheadvi&vtsumup總結(jié)；概括：Hisspeechsummedupthepresentsituationofeconomy.Tosumup,forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking.summary（必修二Unit4）adj

概括的；扼要的：asummaryaccount/explanationn[C]總結(jié)；摘要；概要：insummaryCanyougivemeaquicksummaryofyourresearch?summarise/summarizevi&vt總結(jié)；概括；概述(sumup)：Tosummarise,thisisacleverapproachtoacommonproblem.【溫故】【拓展】“過而不改，是謂過矣”，這句孔子的名言出自《論語·衛(wèi)靈公》，意思是：有過錯卻不加以改正，這才是真正的過錯！commit&committed&commitment同根詞：

admit:

ad-(to去)+mit(toletgo,send放行、送)→容許……進入

permit:per-

(through通過)+mit(tosend送)→送其過去使通過→許可；準許

transmit:

trans-(across越過)

+mit(tosend送)→輸送；傳送commit詞源解讀commit:com-(together)+mit(tosend)→發(fā)送commitv

vt

犯（錯誤、罪行等）to

dosthwrongorillegal：commitmurder/acrime/amistakeSmokingiscommittingsuicideslowly.

vi&vt（使）承擔義務；（使）作出保證tomakeadefiniteagreementorpromisetodosth：TheworldhasalreadycommittedtoestablishingaClimateAdaptationFund.

2008上海改①commitoneselfto(doing)sth:Atalentedscientistwellknownforhiscommitmenttohiscountry,HuangDaniancommittedhimselftohisresearchingeophysics.②commitoneselftodosth:Bothsidescommittedthemselvestosettletheconflictspeacefully.SMOKINGKILLS

vt投入tospendmoneyortimeonsth/sb：commitsthto(doing)sth:commitanhourtoreadingthenewspaperseverymorningcommittedadj

盡心盡力的；堅定的：acommittedmemberoftheteamJournalistsarecommittedtopresentingthetruth.譯林新選必

-1commitment

n

[U]投入；奉獻beingpreparedtogivealotofyourtimeandattentiontosthbecauseyoubelieveitisrightorimportant：Acareerasanactorrequiresonehundredpercentcommitment.

[C]承諾；許諾；保證apromiseoragreementtodosth：commitmenttodo/doingsth:Shehasmadeacommitmenttogoingbottle-free.2008湖北

[C]承諾的事/責任：I’moverworkedatthemoment—I’vetakenontoomanycommitments.同義異構(gòu)：devotion同義異構(gòu)：makeapromisetodosth抽象名詞具體化commit&commitment

語義網(wǎng)絡圖“發(fā)送”錯誤或非法的事情犯（錯誤、罪行等）投入承諾；許諾；保證commitment把時間精力金錢等“發(fā)送”到某事上把責任義務“發(fā)送”到某事上（使）承擔義務；（使）作出保證commit投入；奉獻發(fā)送commit（基本義）承諾的事/責任1.Physicalexerciseisagoodwayofreleasingstress.2.Iwouldliketoextendmythankstoallourteachers,parentsandfamilies,whohavedonesomuchforusovertheyears.3.Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldprotectthewaterresources.2010福建書面表達改4.Tosumup,forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking.5.Shehasmadeacommitmenttogoingbottle-free.2008湖北本單元金句匯總隨堂檢測寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thepatientisinacritical

condition._________2.Hemadesomehighlycritical

remarks._________3.Thetalksbetweenthetwoleadershavereachedacriticalstage.

_________4.Reducinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereisofcriticalimportance._________關(guān)鍵的極其重要的critical危急的批判性的一、根據(jù)句意選出trap的最佳釋義。_______1.Shesetatrapforhimandhehadwalkedstraightintoit._______2.Theonlywaytocatchmiceistosetatrap._______3.I’lldescribesomesituationsthatcommonlyarise（出現(xiàn)）betweenteenagersandparentsandthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.（2010湖北改）bactrapa.（捕捉鳥獸的）陷阱；夾子；羅網(wǎng)b.（陷害人的）圈套；詭計c.

牢籠；困境二、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Shefelttrappedinherroleofwifeandmother.__________2.Agreenhousestayswarmbecausetheglasstrapstheheatofthesun. __________3.Iwastrappedintosigningmyname.__________使陷入困境儲存使中計/使陷入圈套

一、將下列短語翻譯成漢語。1.pressreleases__________2.signarelease__________3.releaseinformation__________4.releaseanewfilm__________5.releaseprisonersofwar____________6.releasethecreativepowersofthepeople_______________新聞稿簽發(fā)釋放令透露消息發(fā)行新影片釋放戰(zhàn)俘激發(fā)人民的創(chuàng)造性release二、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。He____________________（放開了她的胳膊）.2.Don’t______________________________（放開繩索）.3.Theprisonerwasquestioned_______________（在他獲得釋放之前）.

4.Thenewfilm_______________________（將于下個月發(fā)行）.5.AftermyexaminationIhad_________________________（如釋重負）.6.Thetrainer________________________________（把鯨魚放歸大海）.releasedherarmrelease(yourholdon)theropebeforehisreleasewillbereleasednextmonthafeeling/senseofreleasereleasedthewhaleintotheseaextend一、翻譯下列短語。1.擴建房子

___________________2.延長最后期限__________________3.向某人伸出友誼之手__________________二、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Weshalldowhateverwecantoextendourservice.______________2.Carefulusecanextendthelifeofyourwashingmachine. ______________3.Althoughthemarathonisaphysicaltest,thelessonslearnedextendfarbeyondthebody.______________4.Theinspector（檢查員）wavedhisarmstoextendawarmgreetingtoGlenn’smother.（2015

湖南改）

______________extendthehouseextendthedeadlineextendthehandoffriendshiptosb擴展延長壽命延伸給予一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.HeshowedusasnakeandMillyscreamed._________2.Throughthesmoke,therescuerscouldhearpeoplescreamingforhelp._________3.Theambulanceracedroundthecornerwithitstyres（輪胎）screaming.

_________二、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Shejumpedtoherfeet,________________________（嚇得尖叫）.2.Shesawtheknifeand_____________________（發(fā)出一聲尖叫）.發(fā)出刺耳的聲音scream尖叫喊救命screamingin/withfear/terrorgave/letoutascream根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當?shù)脑~塊完成下列子。1.Thedevelopmentofthenationaleconomyisa(n)_______________（當務之急）.2.Our_______________（頭等大事）istomaintainthecustomer’sconfidenceinourproduct.3.Vehiclescomingfromtheright_______________（有優(yōu)先權(quán)）.toppriorityfirstpriorityhaveprioritypriority一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thetwosystemsdifferinmanyrespects.___________2.I’mafraidIdiffer

withyouonthatquestion.___________二、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子形式。1.Thefindingsofthestudies_____________________（大不相同）

theaccident.2.Itisobviousthathisviews______________________________（不同于）thoseofhisparents.不同differ/varygreatly/widelydiffer意見不一致differfrom/aredifferentfromconclude&conclusion1.Thesearethereports’mainconclusions.

____________2.Theconclusionisjustasimportantapartofyouressayastheintroduction.____________3.Newevidence（證據(jù)）mightleadtotheconclusionthatwearewrong.____________結(jié)論結(jié)尾推論二、根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，用適當?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.It’ssafeto_____________________（推斷出）itisreasonabletoincludeEnglishwhichfacilitates（促進）dailycommunication.（2014浙江）2.Whatcanwe________________（從……得出結(jié)論）Stafford’sresearch?（2009全國）(conclude)3.Ican_______________________（得出結(jié)論）thateventhesmallestjobisalsothenecessaryparttokeepthesocietygoingsmoothly.（2013廣東改）(conclusion)4.It’simportantnotto_______________________（急于下結(jié)論）.Instead,double-checkthefactsandfigures.5._______________________（最后）,IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.(conclusion)arriveat/cometo/draw/reachtheconclusionrushtoconclusionsInconclusionconcludethatconcludefromsum一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.IwasgoodatsumswhenIwasatschool.____________2.Thesum

of7and12is19.____________