外研版（2019）選擇性必修 第三冊(cè)Unit 4 A glimpse of the future Using language Grammar課件

Unit4Aglimpseofthefuture

UsingLanguageGrammarLearningobjectives1.Toknowsubject-verbagreementonpersonandnumber;2.Tousesubject-verbagreementcorrectly.ObservetherulesActivity1

Lookatthesentencesandanswerthequestions.a

...50percentofmytimewas

spentresearchingnewrestuarants.b

Everyrecommendationshegivesmeis

great…c

…

almost50percentofUSjobsareatriskfromautomationinthenext20years.d…noneofusispreparedforthechallengesofAI.1Whyis50percentsingularinsentence(a)butpluralinsentence(c)?2Whatarethesubjectsinsentences(b)and(d)?Aretheysingularorplural?1Whyis50percentsingularinsentence(a)butpluralinsentence(c)?

Becauseinsentence(a),thepart“50percent”isfollowedbytheuncountablenoun“time”,whileinsentence(c),thepart“50percent”isfollowedbythecountablenoun“job”initspluralform.2Whatarethesubjectsinsentences(b)and(d)?Aretheysingularorplural?

Insentence(b),“Everyrecommendation”isthesubject.

Insentence(d),“noneofus”isthesubject.Botharesingular.Subject-verbagreement定義：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)等方面的一致

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是不定代詞或含有修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要依據(jù)主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的單、復(fù)數(shù)概念而定，而不僅僅是取決于簡(jiǎn)單的外在形式。Subject-verbagreement用法歸納1:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)被分?jǐn)?shù)（百分?jǐn)?shù)）、表示量的詞匯等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要依據(jù)主語(yǔ)本身進(jìn)行判斷，具體如下：如果主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，或主語(yǔ)加上修飾語(yǔ)后整體表達(dá)的是復(fù)數(shù)概念，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果主語(yǔ)本身是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式；

圖書館里大約三分之一的書都是由這所學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生捐贈(zèng)的。Aboutone-thirdofthebooks

inthelibraryaredonatedbystudentswhograduatedfromtheschool.

每年大約有10%的森林被毀。

Around10percentoftheforest

is

destroyedeachyear.

1)Fiftypercentofthestudentsinourschool____girls.2)Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth____sea.3)Oversixtypercentofthecity_____destroyedinthewar.are

iswasPractice用法歸納2：常用的表示“量”的短語(yǔ)后面接名詞的謂語(yǔ)情況。1)anumberof/avarietyof/varietiesof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2)alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；

largeamountsof+不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Anumberofnewhouseshavebeenbuiltthere.Avarietyofproductsareonsalenow.Alargeamountofmoneywasspentonthebridge.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.用法歸納3：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)被不定代詞修飾或主語(yǔ)本身是不定代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式需要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)加上修飾語(yǔ)后整體表達(dá)的意義來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷。

所有方法都試過(guò)了，卻沒(méi)有什么效果。Everymeanshasbeentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.

1)Eachboy______aprize.2)Manyofus_____gonethroughregulartraining.3)Everypossibleapproach____beentried,butinvain.4)Bothoftheinstruments____notpreciseones.5)Something___goingtohappen,andnobodycanstopitfromhappening.havehasaregetsis用法歸納4：all

作主語(yǔ)表示人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).結(jié)果好一切都好。Alliswellthatendswell.大家都急于達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。Allareeagertoreachanagreement.

用法歸納5：none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)，這要取決于說(shuō)話人的看法，如：似乎我們?nèi)紱](méi)有想到這一點(diǎn)。Noneofusseemtohavethoughtofit.我們都沒(méi)有照相機(jī)。

Noneofushasgotacamera.(none=notasingleone)

Nobody_______(have)gotaticket.Nothing_______(be)available.Noneofthepizza_______(be)left.Noneofthepassengers__________(be)awareofthedanger.Whenyouusenoneofwithapluralnounorpronoun,orasingularnounreferringtoagroupofpeopleorthings,youcanuseeitherasingularorapluralverb.Forexample,Noneofthetrainsis/are

goingtoLondon.Noneofherfamilyhas/have

beentocollege.hasis/wasis/waswas/were用法歸納6：

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)被否定詞修飾或主語(yǔ)本身是否定詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：用法歸納7：句中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和離它最近的主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，這就是就近一致原則。

（1）連詞連接的并列主語(yǔ)當(dāng)or,either...

or...,neither...nor...,notonly...

but(also)...,not...

but..等連接并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。

要么是他要么是你要對(duì)這場(chǎng)事故負(fù)責(zé)。

Eitherheoryouareresponsiblefortheaccident.

不僅是你的父母，我也對(duì)你的借口感到惡心。NotonlyyourparentsbutalsoIamsickofyourexcuse.不是職員而是經(jīng)理抱怨顧客的流失。Notthestaffbutthemanagercomplainsaboutthelossofcustomers.

（2）here/there引起的倒裝句的主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)來(lái)確定早班車來(lái)了。Herecomestheearlybus.有兩條狗和一只貓與老婦人住在農(nóng)舍里。Therearetwodogsandacatlivinginthefarmhousewiththeoldwoman.（3）“morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”與“manya+單數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)許多目擊者都舉報(bào)了他的罪行。Morethanonewitnesshasreportedhiscrime.許多朋友都幫助過(guò)我。Manyafriendhasofferedmeahand.用法歸納8：主語(yǔ)后帶介詞短語(yǔ)或其他插入語(yǔ)。如：aswellas（和）,nolessthan（多達(dá)）,alongwith（和...一起）,with（和...一起）,like（諸如）,ratherthan(而不是),togetherwith（連同）,but（除...之外）,except（除...之外）,besides（除...之外）,including（包括）,inadditionto（除...之外）,insteadof(而不是)等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)來(lái)確定

地球和其他七大行星圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。Theearth,aswellassevenotherplanets,orbitsthesun.除了你的父母和老師，沒(méi)有人會(huì)無(wú)條件支持你。Noonebutyourparentsandteachersisalwaysonyoursideonanyaccount.Nowadays,somecompaniesoffergenetictestingforchildren’stalents.Alargenumberofclientshave/hasbeenattractedtoit.Theyareparents,eagertoknowwhattalentstheirchildrenmayhaveinthefuture.Theprocessissimple.Everychildprovide/providesasmallsampleofbloodorbodytissue.Thisis/Theseareanalysed.Eachofthechildrenis/aregivenareportshowingtheirpossibletalents.Arecentexamplecitedonthewebsiteisthatoneofthetestingcompaniescompare/comparesthetalentsoftwinsBobbyandBenny.Bobbywasassessedandhistalentswas/wererevealedtobemostlyscientific:a66%chanceofsuccessinchemistryand54%inphysicswas/wereshown.Meanwhile,Benny’shighestscorewas/wereshowntobeinanartssubject:thetestgavehim68%forliterarystudies.Isgenetictestingreliable?Somescientistssaythatmoreevidenceis/areneeded.

Activity2Completethepassagebychoosing