Unit 4 Reading for Writing 整體掌握-精讀與寫作之寫概要 整體教學講義（學生版）VIP

2/2Unit4ReadingforWriting整體掌握精讀與寫作之寫概要2019人教版高中英語必修第一冊英語24字整體教學講義學生版目錄目錄讀◆閱讀清障——課文詞塊，詞匯英漢互譯◆課文釋譯——重點詞匯標注，重點句型講解?理解探究SKIMMING?整體理解?文本宏觀框架SCANNING?細節(jié)探究?文本微觀剖析REREADING?主題實踐?閱讀思維升華RETELLING?整體掌握?文本知識濃縮寫概要寫作◆通技法——學會寫作規(guī)范◆通詞匯——學會亮點詞匯◆通句型——學會黃金句型◆通模版——減少低級失誤◆通典例——學會賞讀范文◆創(chuàng)新文——創(chuàng)作自己文章

ReadingforWriting◆閱讀清障——課文詞塊，詞匯英漢互譯Ⅰ.核心詞匯根據語境寫出正確的單詞haveenough_______________ 有足夠的供給bedestroyedbythe_______________ 被臺風破壞bedamagedbythe_______________ 被颶風損壞tapona_______________ 敲打管道stay_______________ 保持冷靜_______________intocoastlines 撞向海岸線huge_______________ 巨大的海浪astorm_______________thecity 一個風暴襲擊了城市difficultto_______________food 難以運送食物the_______________ofthetext 文章的長度Ⅱ.拓展詞匯根據語境寫出相應的派生詞thevolcano_______________ 火山爆發(fā)了→asudden_______________(n.) 一起突然的爆發(fā)_______________theearthquake 在地震中幸存下來→theonly_______________(n.) 唯一的幸存者→achanceof_______________(n.) 一個存活的機會_______________lines電線→_______________(adj.)強大的;有力量的an_______________number 緊急電話號碼→some_______________(adj.)events 一些突發(fā)事件Ⅲ.重點短語_______________ 露天;在戶外

_______________ 急救箱

_______________ 現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)

_______________ 消滅;徹底消除

standat _______________atleast _______________stayawayfrom _______________makesure _______________indanger _______________【譯文】◆課文釋譯——重點詞匯標注，重點句型講解讀文清障原文呈現(xiàn)課文翻譯①crash[kr??]vt.&vi.碰撞；撞擊n.撞車；碰撞crashinto撞倒……；沖入②sweepaway消滅；徹底消除sweep[swi?p]vt.&vi.(swept,swept)打掃；清掃③wave[we?v]n.海浪；波浪vi.&vt.揮手；招手hugewaves巨浪④strike[stra?k]vi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵襲；突擊；擊打n.罷工；罷課；襲擊⑤offprep.離，距離⑥someadv.(＝about)大約；約莫⑦standat達到特定水平(或數(shù)量、高度等)⑧affectvt.影響；(疾病侵襲)；深深打動⑨officialn.官員adj.官方的；正式的governmentofficials政府官員⑩missingadj.(＝lost)失蹤的?localadj.當?shù)氐膎.當?shù)厝?safetyn.安全處所?expectvt.預計，預料?evenadv.更(程度副詞)常用的修飾比較級的程度副詞、短語還有still,far,any,much,alot等。?deliver[d?'l?v?(r)]vt.&vi.遞送；傳達vt.發(fā)表TheDailyNewsTSUNAMIHITSASIA：OVER6，500DEADByRobertWoodhouseMonday,27December2004Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashed①intocoastlinesacrossAsia[1]yesterday,killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,andatleastfourothercountries[2].Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptaway②byhugewaves③causedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0[3].Theunderseaquakestruck④around7：00a.m.,Sundayoff⑤thewestcoastofIndonesia'sSumatraIsland.Inthatareaalone,atleast1，870peoplewerekilled.[1]此處是關系代詞that引導的定語從句，修飾tsunami。that在從句中作主語。[2]此處是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語。[3]此處是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾waves，該結構中that引導的定語從句修飾先行詞earthquake。InSriLanka,some⑥1，600kilometreswestofthequakecentre,thenumberofdeathsstoodat⑦2，498,andonemillionmorewereaffected⑧bythetsunami,governmentofficials⑨said.Indianofficialssaidasmanyas1，900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.Another254werefounddeadinThailandand54inthreeothercountries[4].InsouthernThailand,1，900peoplewerehurtandmanymoreweremissing⑩，local?officialssaid.“Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome[5].Wehadtoleaveeverythingandruntosafety?，”saidChandraTheeravit,alocalThaiwoman.[4]此處deadinThailand為主語Another254的補足語；54inthreeothercountries為省略句，補全為54werefounddeadinthreeothercountries。[5]本句運用了“sb.bedoingsth.when...”結構，意為“某人正在做某事，這時（突然）……”Thousandsofpeoplearestillmissing,andthenumberofdeathsisexpected?togroweven?higheroverthenextfewdays.Foreignaidisbeingorganised[6]forthetsunami-hitcountries.However,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliver?foodandsupplies[7].[6]此處是現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)，其構成是bebeingdone。[7]在此結構中，it是形式賓語，形容詞difficult作賓補，后面的不定式短語todeliverfoodandsupplies是真正的賓語每日新聞海嘯襲擊亞洲：6500余人喪生羅伯特·伍德豪斯供稿2004年12月27日，星期一昨日，40年來最強烈的地震引發(fā)的海嘯重創(chuàng)了亞洲沿海地帶，造成印度尼西亞、印度、泰國、馬來西亞和至少其他四個國家的6500多人喪生。漁民、游客、酒店、住房和汽車都被9.0級強震引發(fā)的巨浪卷走了。這場海底地震發(fā)生在周日早上7點鐘左右，地點在印度尼西亞蘇門答臘島西海岸。僅該地區(qū)就有至少1870人喪生。政府官員稱，在斯里蘭卡，震中以西約1600千米處，死亡人數(shù)高達2498人，另有100多萬人受到海嘯的影響。印度官員稱，南部海岸地區(qū)有多達1900人喪生。泰國另有254人喪生，其他三個國家有54人喪生。當?shù)毓賳T表示，泰國南部有1900人受傷，失蹤人數(shù)則更多。泰國當?shù)氐囊晃粙D女錢德拉·特拉維說：“當時我和我的三個孩子正在吃早餐，海水開始灌入我的家里。我們只好扔下一切，跑到安全地帶?！比杂谐汕先f人失蹤，預計未來幾天死亡人數(shù)還將增加。目前人們正在為這些受災國家組織國外援助。然而，險惡的條件和受損的道路將使運送食品和物資變得困難。?理解探究SKIMMING?整體理解?文本宏觀框架1.Readthepassageandfillintheblanks.Thepassageisaboutatsunami(1)_______________byanunderseaquake(2)_______________thewestcoastofIndonesia’sSumatraIsland,(3)_______________morethan6,500people.Whatisthewritingstyleofthistext?___________________________________________________________________________________SCANNING?細節(jié)探究?文本微觀剖析Choosethebestanswer()1.Whatcausedthetsunami?A.Ahurricane.B.Atyphoon. C.Aflood.D.Anearthquake.()2.Whatwasthemagnitudeoftheearthquakethathappenedon27December,2004?A.7.0.B.9.0. C.7.5.D.6.0.()3.Whywerefoodandsupplieshardtodeliver?A.Becausetherewasnotenoughfoodandsupplies.B.Becauserescueteamsdarednotgo.C.Becauseconditionsweredangerousandroadsweredestroyed.D.Becausegovernmentsdidn'torganiserescueteams.REREADING?主題實踐?閱讀思維升華學結構1.第一段使用了并列連詞and，從總體上介紹了海嘯發(fā)生的時間、地點及破壞程度，各句之間銜接緊湊，邏輯清晰。2.第二、三段主要運用and,however等銜接詞從細節(jié)方面詳細介紹了海嘯造成的破壞。學表達1.第一段第二句中用“sweep”形象地表達出了海浪造成破壞的嚴重程度。第一句中使用了that引導的定語從句(thatcrashedintocoastlines…)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語(killingmorethan6，500people…)；第二句使用了過去分詞短語作定語(causedbythestrongearthquake…)以及that引導的定語從句(thatreachedamagnitude…)，這些高級句式的運用使得文章精彩紛呈。第三段第一句中用“thousandsof”表達了海嘯危害的人數(shù)之多。2.第二、三段主要使用了被動語態(tài)，bedoing…when,make＋it＋adj.＋todosth.等高級句式彰顯了較強的語言功底。學寫概要1.Readthenewsreportandfindoutthekeypointsofit.（①time②place③events④cause⑤effect⑥followingevents）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Readthereportagainandwritedownthemainideaofeachparagraph.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.ReadthesummaryofthenewsreportonP55andfindoutwhatiscutoutinthesummary.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________寫作◆◆通技法——學會寫作規(guī)范概要是一種對原始文獻或文章的基本內容進行濃縮的語義連貫的短文。是一種要求閱讀和寫作并重的英語高考題型，有準確性、完整性、概括性、客觀性和個體性等特點。概要寫作提供一篇350詞以內的短文，要求考生在對原文閱讀后，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。概要所用詞句既要用詞準確、結構合理、語意連貫、不得抄襲原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。讀者在正確理解文章的基礎上，在不改變原文中心思想、體裁和結構的前提下，用簡明、精練的語句高度濃縮文章的主要內容和觀點，寫出一篇內容概要。懂規(guī)則——學概要要求Nodetails——抓住主旨大意，省去細節(jié)信息。Noexamples——抓住主題要點，省去舉例說明。Norepetition——抓住文本主線，省去重復信息。Nocomments——抓住作者意圖，不加任何評論。Nocopying——抓住關鍵信息，巧妙同義轉換。重方法——學概要重點1.要點齊全。要點全面是評分的重要方面，因此學生要訓練自己的語篇能力和閱讀能力，既把握文本的整體和部分，又把握它們之間的邏輯關系。2.精煉簡潔。精煉指的是概括的內容要高度濃縮。學生可以利用概括的方法對文本內容進行提煉，用刪略的方法去換不重要或者不必要的細節(jié)。簡潔指的是所使用的語言簡練。學生可以用抽象的、概括性的語言代替具體形象的語言。3.靈活轉換。語言轉換就是用不同的詞或句式來表達與原有內容相同的意義。可以通過同義、近義和反義變換來替換需要被替換的詞匯；句子重構可以改變原有句子中個別詞和詞組在句子中充當?shù)恼Z法成分或變換句式來實現(xiàn)。悟寫法——學概要技巧讀：細讀原文材料，準確理解原文(1)理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度；(2)理解文章的基本結構；(3)理解主旨和要義。思：確定大綱框架，盤點要點信息發(fā)現(xiàn)問題：陳述是什么問題——是什么(what)?分析問題：原因1：……——為什么(why)?原因2：……原因3：……解決問題：陳述怎么來解決這個問題——怎么辦(how)?寫：關注內在邏輯，整合修改成文。簡而言之，概要(summarywriting)的寫作步驟可以概括為：Findingtopicsentence(s)(找主題句)＋Paraphrase(變式表達：主動句變被動句、同義詞替換、概括性詞匯代替具體數(shù)字等)＋Addinglinkingwords(增加銜接詞)詞數(shù)要限制在60詞左右，上下限不得超出十個單詞。要根據文章的題材特點進行概要寫作。人稱和時態(tài)要與所給文章中的人稱和時態(tài)保持一致，但必要時也可以轉變成為第三人稱。寫作時盡可能地使用復合句，必要時可轉換詞性，不得完全照抄照搬原文。進行概要寫作時，一定不要加入自己的觀點并對原文加以評論；一定不要引入與原文內容無關的信息。寫作步驟1.確定體裁，明確主題及結構體裁結構記敘文記敘文：人物、時間、地點、事件（起因—發(fā)展—結果）夾敘夾議文：六要素＋寓意/啟示說明文事物的性質功能類：對象＋性質功能問題/現(xiàn)象＋解決方法類：現(xiàn)象＋原因＋結果議論文論點＋論據＋結論2.確定主題句，找關鍵信息畫出每一段的主題句，抓住關鍵信息，忽略次要信息。3.改寫關鍵信息，得出要點使用意義相同或相近的單詞、短語或句式，或使用不同的句子結構表達同樣的意思。如改變語態(tài)，肯定變否定等。4.添加連接詞，使行文連貫要牢記各段落要點之間的邏輯關系和自然銜接，用恰當?shù)年P聯(lián)詞連貫全文。常用的關聯(lián)詞有：however，besides，inaddition，therefore，instead等等?！敉ㄔ~匯——學會亮點詞匯①player/athlete/competitorn. 運動員；競技者②strengthn. 力量；體力③medaln. 獎章；勛章④sportsevents 體育項目；運動項目⑤keepfit 保持健康⑥doexercise 進行鍛煉⑦getinjured 受傷⑧facedifficulty 面臨困難⑨t(yī)hefirstprize 一等獎⑩giveup 放棄；投降?trackandfield 田徑?cutout 停止食用◆◆通句型——學會黃金句型1.微技能訓練微技能1高度概括ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweekandsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.概括為—_____________________________________________________________________________.技能2分析文章結構Thoughbigcitiesprovidepeoplewithmanyconveniences,theycertainlyhavetheirowndisadvantages.Trafficisthefirstandoftenmostseriousproblem.Duringtherushtime,allthestreetsarejammed.Airpollutioncomessecond.Factoriesandcarsareconstantlygivingoffharmfulgases.Iftheweatherisbad,youwillfindthewholecityovercastwithsmog.However,noiseandviolencearetobefoundinsomebigcitiesandthesituationseemstogetworseyearbyyear.本文講了三層意思：(1)Bigcitieshavetheirowndisadvantages.(2)Problems(traffic,airpollution,noiseandviolence)inbigcities.(3)Thesituationseemstobegettingworseyearbyyear.概括為—_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________...微技能3刪除細節(jié)Whataresomeoftheproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers?First,theydamagethelandbykillingthehelpfulbacteriaandpestsaswellastheharmfulones.Chemicalsalsostayinthegroundandundergroundwaterforalongtime.Thisaffectscropsand,therefore,animalsandhumans,sincechemicalsgetinsidethecropsandcannotjustbewashedoff.Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople'sbodiesovertime.Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.本段要點是：_____________________________________________________________________.微技能4同義替換Companiesusecolourstoencourageustobuytheirproducts.＝Companiesusecoloursto_________________________________________________________________.【答案】Shebroughthomealotofbooksandnewspaperstoreadduringthewintervacation.Bigcitiesofferpeoplemanyconveniences,buttheycertainlyhaveproblems,suchastrafficproblems,airpollution,noiseandviolence.Andthesituationseemstobegettingworseyearbyyear.Chemicalfertilizersdamagethelandandaffecthumans'motesales/stimulatecustomers'buyingdesire/targetpotentialcustomers.◆通模版——減少低級失誤On（時間）...，（事件）...happenedin（地點）...Itcaused（后果）...And...isexpectedtohappen（后續(xù)）.◆通典例——學會賞讀范文，創(chuàng)作自己文章請閱讀下面短文寫一篇60詞左右的概要。TheearthquakethathitSanFranciscoonApril18,1906shookdownhundredsofthousandsofdollars'worthofwallsandchimneys（煙囪）.Butthefirethatfollowedburneduphundredsofmillionsofdollars'worthofbuildingsandhomes.Neverbeforeinhistoryhasacitybeensocompletelydestroyed.SanFranciscoisgone.Thefactories,thegreatstoresandnewspaperbuildings,thehotels,andthegreathousesoftherichareallgone.OnWednesdaymorningataquarterpastfivecametheearthquake.Amomentlater,thedisasterwasafact.SouthofMarketStreet,intheworking-classneighborhoodsandinthefactories,firesstarted.Withinanhouraftertheearthquake,thesmokeofSanFrancisco'sfirescouldbeseen100milesaway.Thesunwasredinthedarksky.Therewasnostoppingthefires.Thefirefighterstowhomthetaskwasgivendidtheirbestbuttherewasnowaytoorganizeorcommunicate.Therailwaytrackswerenowuseless.Andthegreatpipesforcarryingwaterunderthestreetshadburst.Allofthewaysmanhadmadetokeepthecitysafeweregoneinthethirtysecondstheearthmoved.ByWednesdayafternoon,halfoftheheartofthecitywasgone.Atthattime,Iwatchedthedisasterfromashiponthebay（海灣）.Outatseaitwascalm.Nowindcameup.Yetfromeverydirection—east,west,north,andsouth—strongwindsblewupontheunluckycityandthosewhosehomeshadoncestoodinitsgreenhills.Wednesdaynightsawthedestructionoftheveryheartofthecity.Manhimselfhadtomakeruinsofsomeofthecity'sbestbuildingssothattheywouldnotbeadangertothoseinthestreets.Tensofthousandswhohadlosttheirhomesleftthecitytolookforshelterfromthefire.Someweredressedonlyinblanketsandcarriedthethingsthattheyhadbeenabletorescuefromthefires.Buttherewerenofightsandnopushingorshoving.Somehowthisworstofdisastersbroughtoutthebestinthesurvivors.NeverinallofSanFrancisco'shistorywereherpeoplesokindasonthatterriblenight.第一步布局謀篇第二步遣詞造句1.一場大地震在1906年4月18日襲擊了舊金山。________________________________________________________________________2.這場地震使這座城市被完全破壞。（leave）________________________________________________________________________3.當夜晚降臨的時候，無家可歸的人們看到了可怕的破壞。（destruction）________________________________________________________________________4.無家可歸的人們逃離這座城市尋找住處。________________________________________________________________________第三步句式升級5.用現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語連接句1、句2。________________________________________________________________________6.用現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語連接句3、句4。________________________________________________________________________第四步完美成篇用適當?shù)倪^渡詞語，把以上詞匯和句式，再加上聯(lián)想內容，組成一篇英語短文。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________◆創(chuàng)新文——創(chuàng)作自己文章請閱讀下面短文寫一篇60詞左右的概要。①MynameisHuaFeiandIamasportingrobotofthe23rdcentu