化學(xué)品安全及危害通訊

ChemicalSafetyandHazardCommunication

化學(xué)品安全及危害通訊1TrainingObjectives

培訓(xùn)目標(biāo)Employerrequirementsforchemicalsafetyattheworkplace僱主在工作場(chǎng)地內(nèi)對(duì)化學(xué)物質(zhì)安全的規(guī)定Howtorecognizechemicalhazardsassociatedwiththeworkplace怎樣識(shí)別與工作場(chǎng)地相關(guān)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)危害Howchemicalhazardsaffectthebody化學(xué)物質(zhì)危害怎樣影響身體Howtohandlechemicalssafelyintheworkplace怎樣在工作場(chǎng)地內(nèi)安全地處理化學(xué)物質(zhì)2AsianImmigrantWorkers

移民勞工常見的化學(xué)物質(zhì)Asianimmigrantworkershandlechemicalsintheirworkplaceseveryday.Thesearesomeofthemostcommonchemicalstheyworkwith.亞洲移民勞工每天都在工作場(chǎng)地內(nèi)處理化學(xué)物質(zhì)，他們使用的一些最常見的化學(xué)物質(zhì)有以下Handsoaps番枧Dishwashingliquids洗碗液Cleaningspraysandpowders清潔噴霧劑和番枧沙粉Bleaches漂白水Alcoholsolutions酒精物質(zhì)Disinfectants消毒劑Detergents清潔劑

3OtherChemicalsintheWorkplace

其他化學(xué)物質(zhì)Dependingontheirindustries(restaurant,hotel,janitorial,homecare,salonandbeautyservices,andotheremploymentsettings),Asianimmigrantworkersrecognizeandhandleotherchemicalsintheworkareas.取決于他們的相關(guān)行業(yè)（餐館，酒店，清潔，家居護(hù)理，發(fā)型美容以及其他就業(yè)環(huán)境）亞洲移民勞工在工作場(chǎng)地內(nèi)，也要識(shí)別和處理其他的化學(xué)物質(zhì)4Doyouworkwithchemicals?

你工作上有接觸化學(xué)物質(zhì)嗎?Whatchemicalsdoyouuseintheworkplace?

你在工作場(chǎng)地使用什么化學(xué)物質(zhì)？

Howdoesyourbodyfeelwhenyouworkwiththesechemicals?

當(dāng)你使用這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)時(shí)，你身體有什么感覺/反應(yīng)？[shortdiscussion]簡(jiǎn)短討論5EmployerRequirements:

Workers’“RighttoKnow”Law

法例規(guī)定僱主：勞工有“知情權(quán)”Employersarerequired規(guī)定僱主們要toensurethatallemployeesknowthehazardsofchemicalstheyworkwithattheirjobs確保所有員工都了解他們?cè)诠ぷ髦兴褂玫降幕瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)的危害.6EmployerRequirements(continue):

Workers’“RighttoKnow”Law

法例規(guī)定僱主：勞工有“知情權(quán)”toensurethatemployeesareprovidedwithinformationaboutchemicalstheyworkwiththrough通過以下方式確保向員工提供工作中所使用到化學(xué)物質(zhì)的信息:Informationonchemicallabels有關(guān)化學(xué)標(biāo)簽的知識(shí)SafetyDataSheets(SDSs)安全資料表Trainingonhazardcommunication(HAZCOM)危害通訊培訓(xùn)WrittenHAZCOMplan危害通訊計(jì)劃書7EmployeeInformationandTraining

員工信息和培訓(xùn)Employersmustprovideemployeeswithinformationandtrainingonhazardouschemicalsintheirworkarea僱主必須適時(shí)向員工提供其工作場(chǎng)地內(nèi)危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)物質(zhì)的信息和培訓(xùn)Atthetimeofinitialassignment在一開始工作分配時(shí)Whenanewhazardousproductorchemicalisintroducedintotheworkplace當(dāng)新的危險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)品或化學(xué)物質(zhì)被引入工作場(chǎng)地時(shí)8EmployeeTraining

員工培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容Employeetrainingshallincludeatleast員工培訓(xùn)至少應(yīng)包括

:Themeanstodetectthepresenceofahazardouschemicalsintheworkarea發(fā)現(xiàn)工作場(chǎng)所內(nèi)是否存在危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)物質(zhì)的方法Thephysicalandhealthhazardsofchemicalsintheworkarea工作場(chǎng)所內(nèi)化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)身體和健康的危害Measuresemployeescantaketoprotectthemselves員工可以保護(hù)自己的措施9Haveyoureceivedtraining?

你接受過培訓(xùn)嗎？Haveyoureceivedtrainingfromyouremployeronthechemicalsusedinyourworkareaandhowtohandlethemsafely?您是否接受過僱主對(duì)您工作場(chǎng)地內(nèi)使用化學(xué)物質(zhì)以及其安全處理的培訓(xùn)？[Shortdiscussion]簡(jiǎn)短討論10Whatisachemicalhazard?

什么是化學(xué)物質(zhì)危害？Chemicalhazardsaregases,vapors,liquids,orduststhatcanharmyourbody能傷害您身體的化學(xué)物質(zhì)危害有氣體，蒸汽，液體或灰塵。11Breathing(Inhalation)

呼吸（空氣吸入）

SkinorEyeContact皮膚或眼睛接觸

Swallowing(Ingestion)

食吞（食道進(jìn)入）

12HOWDOCHEMICALSGETINTOTHEBODY?化學(xué)物質(zhì)如何進(jìn)入身體？HealthHazards

身體健康危害Chemicalexposurecancauseserioushealthproblems不當(dāng)?shù)幕瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)接觸會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的健康問題：Itching/rashes/burns痕癢/皮疹/燒傷Kidney/lungdamage腎/肺損傷Heartproblems心臟問題Cancer癌癥Sterility不育Centralnervoussystemdamage中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)受損13HOWCHEMICALSCANAFFECTYOURBODY化學(xué)物質(zhì)怎樣影響你的身體14紅眼,流眼水,刺痛,眼瘡頭暈,頭痛皮膚發(fā)紅,干燥,痕癢,皮疹,皮膚癌鼻水,咳嗽,喉痛神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)性緊張,暴躁,失眠,打顫肺喘,咳嗽,氣喘,肺癌反胃,嘔吐,腹痛生殖系統(tǒng)性男性:精子數(shù)量低/受損女性:月事不調(diào),小產(chǎn),對(duì)卵子或胎兒傷害HealthHazardsMajorTypes主要類型Corrosives腐蝕性-causetissuedamageandburnsoncontactwithskinoreyes與皮膚或眼睛接觸會(huì)導(dǎo)致組織損傷和灼傷PrimaryIrritants原發(fā)性刺激物-causeintenserednessorswellingofskinoreyesoncontact.Nopermanenttissuedamage接觸時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致皮膚或眼睛劇烈發(fā)紅或腫脹,但沒有永久性組織損傷Sensitizers致敏劑-causeanallergicskinorlungreaction引起過敏性皮膚或肺部反應(yīng)身體健康危害15HealthHazards

身體健康危害

AcutelyToxicMaterials急性有毒物質(zhì)

-causeanadverseeffectevenatverylowdoses-即使在極低劑量下也會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良反應(yīng)Carcinogens致癌物-maycausecancer可能導(dǎo)致癌癥Teratogens致畸物

-maycausebirthdefects可能導(dǎo)致胎兒天生缺陷OrganSpecifichazards器官特殊危害-damagetospecificorgansystemssuchasliverorlungs對(duì)肝臟或肺部等特定器官系統(tǒng)的損害16AcuteandChronic

急性和慢性Acute

healtheffects急性健康影響Happensquickly.Occurwithshort-termexposureandlastabriefperiod.Forexample,skinirritationwithchemicalcontact發(fā)生迅速，于短期暴露并短暫持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間后發(fā)作的。例如，由化學(xué)接觸引起的皮膚刺激Chronic

healtheffects慢性健康影響Maynotsmell,see,orfeelsickrightaway.Occurwithlong-termexposureandlastalongtime.Forexample:lungcancer未必實(shí)時(shí)聞到，看到或發(fā)病，于長(zhǎng)期暴露并持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間后發(fā)作的。例如：肺癌17ChemicalHazardProtection

化學(xué)物質(zhì)危害的防護(hù)Whatcanyoudotoprotectyourselffromchemicalhazards?你能做些什么來保護(hù)自己免受化學(xué)物質(zhì)危害？[Shortdiscussion]簡(jiǎn)短討論18(1)RemovetheHazardfromWorkArea消除工作區(qū)危害(2)ReviewandFollowWorkPoliciesandProcedures審查并遵守工作政策和程序(3)WearPersonalProtectiveEquipment穿著個(gè)人防護(hù)裝備ChemicalHazardControlApproaches

化學(xué)物質(zhì)危害控制途徑19RemovetheHazardousChemical

消除工作區(qū)危害Removethechemicalhazardfromworkarea清除工作場(chǎng)地內(nèi)化學(xué)物質(zhì)危害Choosenontoxicproducts選擇無(wú)毒產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證“GreenSealCertified”“綠色印章認(rèn)證”“EcologoUL”通過EcoLogo安全認(rèn)證“SaferChoice”“更安全的選擇”20WorkPoliciesandProcedures

審查并遵守工作政策和程序

Trainonreadinglabelsandknowwhatsymbolsandwarningsmean培訓(xùn)標(biāo)簽閱讀，知道什么符號(hào)及其警告意思Usesmallamountsofchemicals,measuring&dilutingthem減少，量度和稀釋化學(xué)物質(zhì)Usetoolstoavoiddirectcontactwithchemicals使用工具來避免直接接觸化學(xué)物質(zhì)Coverandstorechemicalssafely安全地蓋上和儲(chǔ)存化學(xué)品21LearntoreadChemicalHazardLabels

培訓(xùn)閱讀標(biāo)簽Trainonreadinglabelsandknowingwhatsymbolsandwarningsmean培訓(xùn)標(biāo)簽閱讀，知道什么符號(hào)及其警告意思22RequiredElementsonaLabel

標(biāo)簽上的必需組成LabelsMUSTinclude標(biāo)簽必需包括:ProductIdentifier 產(chǎn)品識(shí)別碼ChemicalIdentity 化學(xué)品名稱HazardPictograms* 危害標(biāo)示符號(hào)*SignalWords* 文字信號(hào)*HazardStatements*

危害聲明*PrecautionaryInformation 預(yù)防信息SupplierIdentification 供應(yīng)商身份Theitemswith*arehazardwarningandMUSTbelocatedtogetheronthelabel帶*的項(xiàng)目是危險(xiǎn)警告，必須一起放在標(biāo)簽上!Informationshouldbeinthesameorderforalllabels所有標(biāo)簽的資料次序應(yīng)相同1.2.3.4.6.5.7.23HazardPictograms

危害標(biāo)示符號(hào)Pictograms(標(biāo)示符號(hào))

arerequiredonlabelstoalertusersofthechemicalhazards標(biāo)簽上必須使用象形圖的標(biāo)示符號(hào)(pictogram)來提醒用戶注意化學(xué)品危害Pictogramsconsistsofasymbolonawhitebackgroundframedwithinaredborderandrepresentsadistincthazard標(biāo)示符號(hào)(pictogram)由紅色邊框內(nèi)白色背景上的符號(hào)組成，代表著獨(dú)特的化學(xué)品危害24PictogramsandHazards

危害圖示及其危害說明炸彈爆炸骷髏骨玻璃管火焰健康危害火焰圈腐蝕狀態(tài)嘆號(hào)戶外爆炸品急性毒性(嚴(yán)重)易燃品壓力下的氣體氧化劑腐蝕性各類刺激性水毒性器官突變/致毒/致癌25HazardSignalWords

危害文字信號(hào)TherearetwoSignalWordsusedinchemicallabels:DANGERorWARNING

化學(xué)標(biāo)簽中使用了兩個(gè)文字信號(hào)：危險(xiǎn)或警告DANGERisusedformoreseverehazards危險(xiǎn)用于極嚴(yán)重的危險(xiǎn)WARNINGisusedforlessseverehazards警告用于不太嚴(yán)重的危險(xiǎn)26HazardStatements

危害聲明Hazardstatementsprovidewordingtoindicatethehazardsofthechemicalproduct,including,whenappropriate,thedegreeofthehazard危害聲明用文字來指出化學(xué)產(chǎn)品的危害，包括適當(dāng)時(shí)，化學(xué)產(chǎn)品的的危險(xiǎn)程度27SafetyDataSheets(SDS)

安全資料表

Forinformationaboutchemicalhazards,SafetyDataSheetsprovidevaluablefactsaboutchemicalsandhowtohandlethem.Itcontains安全資料表提供了有關(guān)化學(xué)物質(zhì)及其處理方法的寶貴信息。它包含:Productname,manufacturer,contactinformationandemergencynumber產(chǎn)品名稱，制造商，聯(lián)絡(luò)資料和緊急號(hào)碼Hazardidentification危害識(shí)別Informationonchemicalingredients有關(guān)化學(xué)成分的資料First-aidmeasures急救措施Firefightingmeasures救火措施Accidentalreleasemeasures意外信