2011高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)――語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)課件課件(十)名詞性從句

1、(十)名詞性從句 一、主語(yǔ)從句 主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的詞有 that，whether，who，what，which，whoever，whatever， whichever，when，where，why，how等。 That she was chosen made us very happy. What caused the accident is a complete mystery. Whoever comes to the party will receive a present. 【注】有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，常用it作 形式主語(yǔ)，而把從句放在后

2、面。 It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.,二、表語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的詞有 that，whether，who，what，which，whoever，whatever， whichever，when，where，why，how，because等。 The reason is that you dont trust her. This is where I disagree. 這一點(diǎn)是我所不同意的。 三、賓語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的詞有 that

3、，whether，if，who，what，which，whoever， whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how等。賓語(yǔ)從 句一般放在動(dòng)詞、介詞或形容詞后。 She explained that she was late because of the heavy traffic.,【注】有時(shí)要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把賓語(yǔ)從句放在句子的后面。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 如do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑問(wèn)詞 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，疑問(wèn)詞要放

4、在句首。 What do you think is going on outside? I/We (dont) think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接賓語(yǔ)從 句時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)句要與從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。 I dont suppose he cares，does he? 在賓語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞whether和if基本一樣，但介詞后的賓語(yǔ) 從句多用whether。 It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation.,動(dòng)詞doubt如用于肯定句，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用if/whether 引導(dǎo)，如用于

5、否定句或疑問(wèn)句，則賓語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。 I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match. I dont doubt that I can defeat him in the contest. 四、同位語(yǔ)從句 在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句稱為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從 句一般用that，whether，who，which，what，where， when，why，how等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在fact，news，idea， truth，hope，problem，information等名詞后面，用以說(shuō)明 該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 The news

6、that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.,五、名詞性從句的難點(diǎn) 1.引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別 what既有引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的作用，同時(shí)又在從句中作句子成分(主 語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等)，這時(shí)what相當(dāng)于all that/everything that 等，常譯成“所的(東西、事情、話等)”；而that只起連接作 用，本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義，在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，但that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)，不能省略that。 What we cant get seems better than what we have.

7、That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.,2.引導(dǎo)詞if和whether的區(qū)別 if和whether引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般可通用，但介詞后 的賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句不能用if引導(dǎo)。 I dont care if/whether he will come to my party. Whether she will go home or not is unknown. The question is whether we can collect enough money. 3.引導(dǎo)詞who與who

8、ever的區(qū)別 whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于anyone who或those who，它 既是從句的主語(yǔ)，又是主句的主語(yǔ)。而who只作從句的主語(yǔ)，它 引導(dǎo)的從句才是主句的主語(yǔ)。 Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. Who will be elected president doesnt make much difference to me.,4.引導(dǎo)詞what與whatever的區(qū)別 whatever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，與what差不多，只是語(yǔ)氣上更強(qiáng) 些，有“任何一切”之意。 It is ge

9、nerally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. This is exactly what I want. 5.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 同位語(yǔ)從句用于解釋前面名詞的內(nèi)容，從句本身是一個(gè)非常完 整的句子，所以其前的名詞在同位語(yǔ)從句中不作任何成分；定 語(yǔ)從句對(duì)其前的名詞加以限制和修飾，從句本身不夠完整，因 此其前的名詞在定語(yǔ)從句中通常作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等成分。 I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. The

10、 mother made a promise that pleased all her children.,6.whoever與no matter who；whatever與no matter what whoever和whatever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ) 從句；no matter who和no matter what只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 Whatever(No matter what) you may think，Im going ahead with my plans. Take whatever you need and leave me alone. 7.名詞性從句的

11、語(yǔ)序 名詞性從句一律用陳述語(yǔ)序。 No one will be sure what man will look like in a million years. 沒(méi)人知道百萬(wàn)年后人會(huì)是什么樣子。,8.名詞性從句中的語(yǔ)氣 (1)在It is necessary/natural/important/strange.that從句中， 從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should原形動(dòng)詞”表虛擬語(yǔ)氣，且should 可省略。 It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once. (2)表示“建議、命令、要求”意義的動(dòng)詞，后接that從句時(shí)，從句 中

12、的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“should原形動(dòng)詞”，且should 可省略。 Bobs doctor suggests that he(should) rest for a few days. (3)表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞，后接that從句 時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：“should動(dòng)詞原形”， should可以省略。這類名詞有：advice，agreement， command，decision，demand, determination，order， preference，proposal，request，requirement等。,This is our only

13、 request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 同樣，如主語(yǔ)是表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞， 那么that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 Her suggestion was that they (should) carry on their conversation in French. 過(guò)關(guān)落實(shí) 1. matters most in learning English is enough practice. A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which 解析：what引導(dǎo)的句子作主語(yǔ)，在從句中w

14、hat作主語(yǔ)。 答案：A,2.Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. A.what B.why C.how D.whether 解析：what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。 答案：A 3.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is. A.what B.which C.how D.where 解析：what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作表語(yǔ)。 答案：A,4.You

15、 can only be sure of _ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. A.that；what B.what；/ C.which；that D./；that 解析：what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作賓 語(yǔ)，可省略。 答案：B 5.Why not try your luck downtown，Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. A.where B.what C.when D.why 解析：由“downtown”

16、可知，應(yīng)該使用表地點(diǎn)的引導(dǎo)詞“where”。 答案：A,6.Having checked the doors were closed，and _ all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A.why B.that C.when D.where 解析：and連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不 能省略。 答案：B 7.The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A.wh

17、en B.why C.whether D.that 解析：that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，不做任何句子成分，但一般不能省 略。 答案：D,8.Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story，believe it or not，_ we got lost on a rainy night. A.which B.that C.what D.when 解析：此處that引導(dǎo)的句子作the story的同位語(yǔ)從句。 答案：B 9._ team wins on Saturday will go through to the na

18、tional championships. A.No matter what B.No matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever 解析：whichever引導(dǎo)的句子在句中作主語(yǔ)，不能用no matter which代替，因?yàn)楹笳咧荒芤龑?dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 答案：D,10.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A.why B.that C.where D.because 解析：此處that引導(dǎo)的句子作his

19、 reason 的同位語(yǔ)。 答案：B 11._ different life is today from _ it used to be ten years ago! A.How；what B.What；what C.How；that D.What；that 解析：how與形容詞different 構(gòu)成感嘆句；what it used to be.作介詞from的賓語(yǔ)。 答案：A,12.Do you think it a must for me to try to do everything for my children? No，thats _ you are mistaken；they should do something on their own. A.where B.when C.so D.how 解析：“