6章+備用條款.ppt

1、第6章,1,6章 備用條款： 檢驗、索賠、不可抗力和仲裁,必用條款 是指合同履行過程中必須執(zhí)行的條款。 第15章各項條款的共同點在于：它們是國際貨物買賣合同中的必用條款。前面各章對各項必用條款進行了詳細討論。 備用條款 是指合同履行過程中不一定執(zhí)行的條款。 本章所涉及的各項條款的共同點在于：它們是國際貨物買賣合同中的常見備用條款。本章集中對備用條款進行簡略討論。,第6章,2,關(guān)于合同條款的劃分,仔細觀察外貿(mào)公司的格式合同不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，標的物、運輸、保險、價格、支付諸項條款一般是合同正面的條款，而檢驗、索賠、不可抗力、仲裁條款一般是合同背面的條款。透過這一表面現(xiàn)象，課件作者進一步發(fā)現(xiàn)，合同履行過程中

2、，正面條款每項都要付諸“實施”，而背面條款往往直到合同履行完畢都沒有“動用”。可見，背面條款實際上是一種簽訂但不一定使用的條款，如同建筑中的消防設(shè)施一樣。因此，本課件將前五章條款劃歸為必用條款，將檢驗、索賠、不可抗力、仲裁條款劃歸為備用條款。,第6章,3,檢驗 (吳百福 ，1999，p353),含義：檢驗也稱為商品檢驗，是指由檢驗機構(gòu) 對進出口商品的品質(zhì)、數(shù)量、包裝進行檢驗，以便確定買賣的標的是否符合合同的規(guī)定； 對裝運技術(shù)條件、貨物的殘損、短缺進行鑒定，以便明確事故的起因、責(zé)任的歸屬； 按照國家法規(guī)進行法定檢驗、檢疫。 檢驗條款的作用：規(guī)定檢驗的時間、地點、機構(gòu)。,第6章,4,買方的檢驗權(quán)(

3、黎孝先，2000，p247),買方對進口貨物享有檢驗權(quán)。 但是，買方的檢驗權(quán)并不是強制性的，不是買方接受貨物的前提條件。如果買方?jīng)]有利用合理的機會檢驗貨物，就是自動放棄了檢驗權(quán)。 如果合同的檢驗條款規(guī)定以賣方的檢驗為準，就是排除了買方的檢驗權(quán)。,第6章,5,檢驗的時間和地點,確定檢驗的時間和地點，實際上就是確定由買賣雙方的哪一方行使對貨物的檢驗權(quán)，也就是確定檢驗結(jié)果以哪一方提供的檢驗證書為準。 （黎孝先，2000，p248） 常用的規(guī)定是出口國檢驗、進口國復(fù)驗 賣方在出口國裝運貨物時，以出口國檢驗機構(gòu)的檢驗證書作為賣方收取貨款的憑證之一。貨物抵達目的地后，由進口國檢驗機構(gòu)復(fù)驗，作為買方在規(guī)定期

4、限提出索賠的依據(jù)。 （黎孝先，2000，p250，有改動）,第6章,6,檢驗機構(gòu),官方機構(gòu) 我國過去： CCIB，China Import & Export Commodity Inspection Bureau ： 后改為：中國出入境檢驗檢疫局 現(xiàn)在：國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗檢疫總局CIQ, Administration of Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine （根據(jù)我國入世文件188條的規(guī)定，檢驗檢疫局將與國家質(zhì)量技術(shù)監(jiān)督合并為CIQ) 美國食品藥物管理局 FDA 日本通商省檢驗所 半官方機構(gòu) 美國 Underwriters Lab

5、oratory，UL (擔(dān)保人實驗室） 私營機構(gòu) 瑞士Societe Generale de Surveillance，SGS （通用鑒定公司）,第6章,7,檢驗證書,類型 Inspection Certificate of Quality Inspection Certificate of Quantity Inspection Certificate of Weight Inspection Certificate of Origin Sanitary Inspection Certificate 作用 作為貨物是否符合合同規(guī)定的憑證 作為報關(guān)單據(jù) 作為議付單據(jù) 索賠和理賠的依據(jù),第6章,

6、8,索賠,含義 是指發(fā)生違約時，受損害方向違約方要求損害賠償?shù)男袨椤?相對概念：理賠 是指受違約方對要求損害賠償?shù)氖芾砼c處理。 索賠條款的作用 規(guī)定違約方必須承擔(dān)哪些違約責(zé)任。,第6章,9,索賠條款的兩種規(guī)定（黎孝先，2000，p260，有改動）,品質(zhì)不符索賠 Discrepancy and claim 遲交貨罰款 Late delivery and penalty,第6章,10,檢驗與索賠條款,(18) Inspection and claims The manufacturer shall before delivery make an inspection of the goods as

7、 regards their quality, specifications, performance and quantity/weight, and issue certificates certifying that the goods are in conformity with the stipulations of this contract. The certificates shall form an integral part of the documents to be presented to the paying bank for negotiation/collect

8、ion of payment but shall not be considered as final in respect of quality, specifications, performance and quantity/weight. After arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the buyer shall apply to CIQ for a preliminary inspection of the goods in respect of their quality, specifications, and q

9、uantity/weight. If any discrepancies are found by CIQ regarding the specifications or quantity/weight or both, except those for which either the insurance company or the shipping company is responsible, the buyer shall, within 120 days after discharge of the goods at the port of destination, have th

10、e right either to reject the goods or to claim against the seller on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by CIQ. Within the warrantee period stipulated in Clause 17 hereof should the quality and/or the specifications of the goods are found not in conformity with the contracted stipulat

11、ions, or should the goods prove defective for any reasons, the buyer shall arrange for an inspection to be carried out by CIQ and have the right to claim against the seller on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by CIQ.,第6章,11,(19) Settlement of claims,In case the seller is liable for

12、the discrepancies and a claim is made by the buyer within the period of claim or warrantee period as stipulated in Clauses 17 and 18 of this contract, the seller shall settle the claim upon the agreement of the buyer in the following ways: Agrees to the rejection of the goods and refund to the buyer

13、 the value of the goods so rejected in the same currency as contracted herein, and to bear all direct losses and expenses in connection therewith including interest accrued, banking charges, freight, insurance premium, inspection charges, storage, stevedore charges and all other necessary expenses r

14、equired for the custody and protection of the rejected goods. Devaluates the goods according to the degree of inferiority, extent of damage and amount of losses suffered by the buyer. Replaces the defective goods with new ones which conform to the specifications, quality and performance as stipulate

15、d in this contract, and bear all expenses incurred to and direct losses sustained by the buyer.,第6章,12,(21) Late delivery and penalty,In case of delayed delivery, except for force majeure cases, the seller shall pay to the buyer for every week of delay a penalty amounting to 0.5% of the total value

16、of the goods whose delivery has been delayed. Any fractional part of a week is to be considered a full week. The total amount of penalty shall not, however, exceed 5% of the total value of the goods involved in late delivery and is to be deducted from the amount due to the seller by the paying bank

17、at the time of negotiation, or by the buyer directly at the time of payment. In case the period of delay exceed 10 weeks after the stipulated delivery date the buyer have the right to terminate this contract but the seller shall not hereby be exempted from the payment of penalty.,第6章,13,不可抗力 （人力不可抗拒

18、）,含義 是指不能預(yù)見、不能避免、不能克服、導(dǎo)致合同當(dāng)事人違約的客觀情況。 不可抗力事件的構(gòu)成條件 1. 在合同生效之后發(fā)生； 2. 不是由當(dāng)事人的過失造成； 3. 對事件的發(fā)生及后果，當(dāng)事人不能預(yù)見、不能避免、不能克服。 商品價格的波動、匯率變化、股市漲跌、零配件供應(yīng)不及時等等，屬于正常貿(mào)易風(fēng)險，不構(gòu)成不可抗力事件。 不可抗力條款的作用 規(guī)定違約方在什么情況下可以免責(zé)。,第6章,14,不可抗力條款,Force Majeue: The Seller shall not be held responsible for failure or delay to 免責(zé) 不可抗力事件的后果 perfor

19、m all or any part of this contract due to war, earthquake, flood, 不可抗力事件的范圍 fire, storm, heavy snow or other causes of Force Majeue. However, the Seller shall advise the Buyer immediately of such occurrence, and 通知方式和期限 within N days thereafter, shall send by registered airmail to the Buyer for thei

20、r acceptance a certificate issued by the competent government 證明文件及出證機構(gòu) authorities of the place where the accidents occurs as evidence thereof. Under such circumstance, the Seller, however, is still under the obligation 處理方式 to take all necessary measure to hasten the delivery of the goods. In case

21、 the accident lasts for more than M weeks, the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the contract.,第6章,15,不可抗力,如由于戰(zhàn)爭、地震、水災(zāi)、火災(zāi)、暴風(fēng)雨、雪災(zāi)或其他不可抗力原因，致使賣方不能全部履行或不能部分履行合同，或者對合同的履行全部延遲或部分延遲，賣方將不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。但賣方應(yīng)立即將事件通知買方，并于事件發(fā)生后N天內(nèi)將事件發(fā)生地政府當(dāng)局出具的事件證明書郵寄給買方為證，并取得買方認可。在這種情況下，賣方仍有責(zé)任采取一切必要措施從速交貨。如果事件持續(xù)超過M個星期，買方有權(quán)撤銷合同。,第6章,1

22、6,仲裁,含義 是指買賣雙方自愿將爭議提交雙方所同意的機構(gòu)，按照一定的程序和規(guī)則進行裁決，裁決結(jié)果對雙方具有法律約束力。 特點 仲裁機構(gòu)對爭議不具備強制管轄權(quán)；因此，必須由爭議雙方同意仲裁，否則，仲裁機構(gòu)不能受理。 仲裁的裁決是終局的 。,第6章,17,仲裁協(xié)議,含義 是指雙方當(dāng)事人自愿將爭議交付仲裁機構(gòu)裁決的書面表示。 形式 買賣合同中的仲裁條款（爭議發(fā)生之前達成的爭端解決協(xié)議） 單獨簽訂的協(xié)議（爭議發(fā)生之后達成的爭端解決協(xié)議） 仲裁條款的作用 規(guī)定可能發(fā)生的爭議的解決方式。,第6章,18,仲裁協(xié)議的作用（黎孝先，2000，p270）,約束雙方當(dāng)事人只能以仲裁方式解決爭議，不得向法院起訴；

23、使仲裁機構(gòu)取得對爭議案件的管轄權(quán)，任何仲裁機構(gòu)都無權(quán)受理沒有仲裁協(xié)議的爭議，這是仲裁的基本原則； 排除法院對爭議案件的管轄權(quán)，如果一方向法院起訴，另一方可根據(jù)仲裁協(xié)議要求法院不予受理；,第6章,19,仲裁條款的主要內(nèi)容,仲裁條款的主要內(nèi)容 1、確定仲裁的對象與范圍： 對象：與買賣合同有關(guān)的爭議 范圍：任何爭議，或者具體列出哪些爭議 2、確定仲裁國別（地點） 我國的外貿(mào)合同通常從下列三項國別中選擇一項 1) 我國 2) 被申請人所在國 3) 第三國 3、確定仲裁機構(gòu) 實際上，一旦確定了仲裁國別，也就確定了仲裁機構(gòu)。 我國的涉外仲裁機構(gòu)是中國國際經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易仲裁委員會。 4、確定適用的仲裁規(guī)則 一旦確定了仲裁機構(gòu)，也就確定了適用該仲裁機構(gòu)的仲裁規(guī)則。 5、明確仲裁的效力,第6章,20,仲裁條款,Arbitration: Any dispute arising from or in connection with this contract shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commissio