高中英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)專題講解.ppt

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),一、分詞作狀語(yǔ),1分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則 分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。分詞作狀語(yǔ)必須和句中主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，否則不能使用分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 _ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. _ from the top of the tower, we can find the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. T

2、o see,2分詞作狀語(yǔ)的句法功能：分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可由連詞while 或when 引出。 Hearing the news, they got excited. (時(shí)間) Be careful while / when crossing the street. (時(shí)間) Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因) Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (條件) The cup

3、dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (結(jié)果) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (讓步) The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴隨狀況),Heated,water changes into steam. United,we stand;divided,we fall. Seriously injured,he had to be taken to hospital.

4、 She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter.,二、不定式作狀語(yǔ) 1. 表目的： 有時(shí)候用in order to do / so as to do(不用于句首) He got up early in order to catch the first bus. The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. In order to arrive before dark, we started early.,2. 表原因：在某些形容詞作表語(yǔ)，表示喜、怒、衷、樂(lè)后跟不定式表示原因：e

5、asy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed I am glad to hear the news. I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.,3. 表結(jié)果 She went abroad never to return. My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.

6、1) so adj. as to do / such as to He was so angry as to be unable to speak. We are not such fools as to believe him. 2) tooto, enough to do等結(jié)構(gòu)表示結(jié)果 This book is easy enough for me to read. The ice is thick enough to walk on. She is too tired to do the job. 3) only to (表未曾料到的結(jié)果) They lifted a rock only

7、 to drop it on their own feet. I went to see him only to find him out. 注意：動(dòng)詞作結(jié)果作狀語(yǔ)表示未曾預(yù)料的結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示自然而然或必然的結(jié)果。 Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children. The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay.,三、獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ) 特殊的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 有些非謂語(yǔ)形式已成為固定用語(yǔ)，用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)說(shuō)話內(nèi)容所特的態(tài)度。 1) 現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) jud

8、ging from / by; generally/strictly/frankly speaking; according to; including; owing to; talking/ speaking of (談及) 2) 過(guò)去分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) given(考慮到); provided that(如果) 3) 不定式的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) to tell you the truth; to make things worse; to begin with / to start with / to be frank 4) 動(dòng)詞原形 believe it or not (信不信由你) 5) 作連詞的分

9、詞 ,這些詞用來(lái)表示條件的連詞，后接that 從句。 considering (考慮到，就而言)，providing / provided 假如， supposing 假如,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ) (選用所給詞的正確形式填空：pass, compare, follow, follow, walk, dress, lose) _ a post office, I stopped to buy some stamps. _ with the old one, the new building looks pretty. _ by a group of students, the professor ca

10、me in. _ the students, the professor came in. _ in the street, he spotted his best friend. _ in a new skirt, she stood out at the party. _ in the strange city, the little girl was scared.,Passing,Compared,Followed,Following,Walking,Dressed,Lost,四、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)：位置靈活，常用逗號(hào)與句子主題分開，在句中常作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨、目的等，

11、還可以作定語(yǔ)。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成： 名詞(代詞)現(xiàn)在分詞(與前面構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系)：Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 名詞(代詞)過(guò)去分詞(與前面構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系)：The test finished, we began our holiday. 名詞(代詞)不定式(表將來(lái))：There being no bus, we had to walk home. 名詞(代詞)副詞：He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 名詞(代詞)形容詞：The firm, itself i

12、mmense, did not disdain the petty retail dealing. 這家公司盡管規(guī)模很大，但并不輕視這筆小零售生意。 名詞(代詞)介詞短語(yǔ)：He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 名詞(代詞)名詞： The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night.,【題型一】利用黃金法則分析法解題 1.All the task _ ahead of time, they decided to go on holid

13、ay for a week. A. had been finishedB. were finished C. having been finished D. has been finished 2. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it . 3. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he told 4._ I met him, I thought he was a serious man. A. For the first time B. The first time C. It was the first time D. By the first time,五、“黃金法則”謂語(yǔ)單一性法則,【題型二】與獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)合 (1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work. (2) They