考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破訓(xùn)練及解析ppt版.ppt

1、2012年考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破訓(xùn)練及解析,Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children _to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. A. to develop B. to be developed C. developing D. will develop,A For these children to

2、 develop to their full adult potential在句中做目的狀語(yǔ)，these children 是to develop 的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種主謂關(guān)系在目的狀語(yǔ)中一般是不能用分詞表示的。B中不定式被動(dòng)式與句意相悖;for不是連詞，故不能選D，否則語(yǔ)句不通。,Space exploration promises to open up many new territories for human settlement, as well as _the harvest of mineral resources. leads to to lead to leading to le

3、ad to,C as well as 在語(yǔ)法功能上相當(dāng)于介詞，所以在句中要接動(dòng)名詞leading to。,Someday, solar power collected by satellites _ the earth or fission power (裂變能)manufactured by mankind may give us all the energy we need for an expanding civilization. circled to circle circling circles,C 句子的主語(yǔ)為solar power or fission power，謂語(yǔ)是may

4、 give, collected by satellite circling the earth是后置定語(yǔ)修飾solar power，其中circling the earth 又是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)修飾satellite，“環(huán)繞地球的衛(wèi)星”，相當(dāng)于the satellite which circles the earth。其他選擇項(xiàng)均不符合句子語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)要求。,In this experiment, they are wakened several times during the night, and asked to report what they _ . A.had just been dre

5、aming B. are just dreaming C.have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt,C 句中已給出頻次狀語(yǔ)several times，說(shuō)明要用完成時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)句子的時(shí)態(tài)定位是現(xiàn)在時(shí)they are wakened，顯然不能用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，所以選C。,Her terror was so great _ somewhere to escape, she would have run for her life. only if that there had only been C. that had there only been D. if

6、there were only,C 這是一個(gè)sothat結(jié)構(gòu)表示結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的句型， A、D 可以排除。在that從句中又有條件從句，而且應(yīng)該是虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，B中沒(méi)有表示條件的連詞，是錯(cuò)誤的。C雖然也沒(méi)有連詞if，但采用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，可以將if省略，又是had done，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，時(shí)態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)完全正確，因此是惟一正確的選擇。,Some women _ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. must make shou

7、ld have made C. would make D. could have made,D 這是一個(gè)含蓄虛擬句，意為“有些婦女完全可以不呆在家里，干一份工作掙得可觀的工資，可是她們決定不工作，為的是照顧家庭”，所以選D。should have made意思是“本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上沒(méi)做”，與原句意不夠貼切。,A light with no more power than _ by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam. A. a

8、s is produced B. that produced C. that is produced D. produced,B 相當(dāng)于A light with no more power than the power that is produced by。that代替power，表示相比較的事物，而D中沒(méi)有比較對(duì)象，故不對(duì);as表示原級(jí)比較，不與than用在一起，故A也不正確;C中缺少that的先行詞，也是錯(cuò)誤的。,For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental tra

9、velers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone_ what lay beneath the surface. A. asking B. ask C. to ask D. be asked,C let alone，“更不用說(shuō)”，在用法上相當(dāng)于并列連詞，因此要求填入與前面一樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，此處是不定式。,Even if they are on sale, these _refrigerators are equal in

10、 price to, if not more expensive than, at the other store. A. anyone B. the others C. that D. the ones,D 句子要求填一個(gè)能夠代替these refrigerators 的代詞，故排除A、C。the others一般與另一部分相對(duì)而言，在此句中不對(duì)，所以選the ones。,The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _ its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans. A. a

11、re B. is C. do D. has,A 句子后半句是倒裝句，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans，因?yàn)檩^長(zhǎng)，所以后置，故選A。,From now on, when anyone in our ranks who has done some useful work dies, soldier or cook, we should have a funeral ceremony and a memorial meeting in his honor. A. no matter he is B. whether

12、 he has been C. be he D. whether be he,C 此句含有讓步狀語(yǔ)從句whetheror“不管是還是”，采用倒裝后省略連詞，用原形動(dòng)詞，所以只能選C。,In 1921 Einstein won the Nobel Prize, and was honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew. A. then B. and C. when D. before,C when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句：“納粹上臺(tái)的時(shí)候,他被趕出德國(guó)”then不是連

13、詞, 用在句中不符合句法要求; 如果選B, 應(yīng)為and then; before填入句中句意不通。,Physics is the present-day equivalent of used to be called natural philosophy from which most of present-day science arose. A. that B. all C. which D. what,D 句中要求一個(gè)能夠引導(dǎo)of介詞賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞, 所以只有what具有這個(gè)功能。,the population of working age increased by 1 million

14、 between 1981 and 1986, today it is barely growing. A. Whereas B. Even if C. After D. Now that,A 前后兩個(gè)句子是對(duì)比關(guān)系: increased和barely growing, 而even if表示讓步“即使”; after表示時(shí)間;now that表示原因, 故只有whereas正確。,His features were agreeable; his body, slight of build, had something of athletic outline. A. somehow B. as

15、C. though D. somewhat,C though 表示讓步, 意為“雖然”，全句的意思是: “他的長(zhǎng)相挺好, 身體雖然瘦小, 但有點(diǎn)兒運(yùn)動(dòng)員的樣子?！眘omehow“不知怎么”、“不知什么原因”。as 可以引導(dǎo)讓步從句,但句子結(jié)構(gòu)要倒裝, 不用于省略句, 因此在此處不合適。somewhat“有幾分”、“有點(diǎn)兒”, 沒(méi)有讓步意味。,By the first decade of the 21st century, international commercial traffic vastly beyond todays levels. A.will be expected to ext

16、end B. will have been expected to extend C.is expected to be extended D. is expected to have extended,D 句子講的是 “人們期待到21世紀(jì)前10年時(shí),國(guó)際性商業(yè)航空交通遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)當(dāng)今水平”, 人們現(xiàn)在就期待, 而不是將來(lái)期待, 所以A、B是錯(cuò)誤的; 另外, 表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài), 應(yīng)用將來(lái)完成時(shí), 按句意, 是指extend這一動(dòng)作的完成, 所以應(yīng)該在不定式上體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。根據(jù)上述分析, 選D符合句意要求。,We advocate the economic, cultur

17、al and religious traditions of all national minorities. A. to respect B. to be respected C. respecting D. having respected,C 動(dòng)詞advocate后接動(dòng)名詞而不接不定式做賓語(yǔ)。D雖然是動(dòng)名詞, 但用其完成式在語(yǔ)義上講不通。,There are two horses at the ends of a rope with all their might in opposite directions. A. pulling B. pull C. pulled D. to pul

18、l,A pulling是現(xiàn)在分詞在句中做horses的定語(yǔ), 相當(dāng)于which pull。,Today the Tennessee Valley is one of the richest areas in the world. But if things as they were it would now be a desert. A. had left B. were left C. had been left D. had been leaving,C had been left表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) “如果情況還像以前那樣”。,After twenty years abroad, W

19、illiam came back only how his hometown was damaged in an earthquake. A. to find out B. finding out C. to have found out D. to be finding out,A 不定式to find out做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),有意想不到的含義。不定式表示結(jié)果時(shí), 用其一般式即可。,Relaxation, _ fresh air, pure water and clean food, is essential to a sound mind and healthy body. A. much le

20、ss than B. no less than C. no more than D. any less than,B no less than “與同樣(重要)”。全句意為: “放松休息, 就像新鮮空氣、純凈水、清潔的食品一樣, 是健康的身心所不可缺少的?！?It is far better to do well a bit of work which is well _ a large fortune. A. worthy to be done than have B. worth doing than to have C. worthwhile to do than have D. wor

21、thy of doing than have,B to have a large fortune與to do well a bit of work是并列不定式。另外，worth, worthy, worthwhile在用法上的區(qū)別是:(1)worth是介詞, 后接動(dòng)名詞或名詞，形成介詞短語(yǔ)。接動(dòng)名詞時(shí), 與主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，其形式是主動(dòng)的，意義是被動(dòng)的。如: The book is worth reading. (2)worthy是形容詞, 置于be動(dòng)詞后或名詞后面, 做后位修飾語(yǔ), 其結(jié)構(gòu)是: be worthy of doing sth., sth. is worthy to be done

22、。(3)worthwhile是形容詞，要與形式主語(yǔ)it并用：It is worthwhile to read the book.worth和worthy都不能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)。,Understanding the cultural habit of another nation, especially_ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task. A.one B. the one C. that D. such,A one 指代前面提到的具有泛指含義的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù), 在該句中指代

23、another nation, 句中屬于泛指，可見(jiàn)B是錯(cuò)誤的。such指代前面講過(guò)的整個(gè)情況，多用作主語(yǔ)。that 指物時(shí)常用來(lái)指代不可數(shù)名詞, 指代可數(shù)名詞時(shí)具有特指含義。,Whether or not the next plan will yield any positive results _ to be seen. A.remain B. remains C.is remained D. have remained,B whether 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句做主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。另外，remain一般不用被動(dòng)式, 所以B為正確選項(xiàng)。,If ever again_ happens an a

24、ccident like this, we will have only ourselves to blame. A. it B. so C. there D. that,C 這是there be句型的異化形式，即there be 句型中還可以用be以外的不及物動(dòng)詞，如live, stand, exist, come, remain等。,The students were much encouraged _ a chance to talk with the Americans in English. A. to get B. gotten C. to have got D. having g

25、ot,C 句中不定式表示原因: “學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)與美國(guó)人交談，很受鼓舞?！?所以應(yīng)用不定式完成式。如果句子用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)are, 那么選A是對(duì)的。,When a person is in a happy frame of mind, he may agree on the thing that he wont tolerate _ when he is not in the right frame of mind. A. doing B. to do C. done D. to be done,A tolerate要求動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ), 只能選A。,Recently many schools

26、have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or, in simple terms, the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still _ unable to understand what they read. A. are B. to be C. being D. have been,C 動(dòng)名詞being 做students 的邏輯謂語(yǔ), 相當(dāng)于students being unable to understand what they r

27、ead。整個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做of的賓語(yǔ)，所以只能選C。,I_ the train but I overslept that morning. A. could catch B. might catch C. must have caught D. could have caught,D 這是一個(gè)含蓄虛擬條件句，前半部分假設(shè)，后半部分真實(shí)，因此應(yīng)選could have caught，意為“我本來(lái)能趕上火車的，可是那天早上我睡過(guò)頭了”。區(qū)別這類含蓄虛擬條件句的關(guān)鍵詞是but。,It is very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you _ it. A. m

28、ustnt have done B. wouldnt have done C. mightnt have done D. didnt have to do,D didnt have to do it“不用非得洗(碗)”，符合句意。,If you have been generous to a person for a period of time, it is most likely that the person will take advantage of your generosity and trade on your “weakness” become appreciative of

29、 your kindness. A. but not B.let alone C. rather than D. instead of,C rather than 表示對(duì)比，在意思上前后形成對(duì)照：take advantage of your generosityrather than become appreciative of your kindness意為“利用你的慷慨，而不是理解你的好意”。另外，rather than在結(jié)構(gòu)上起并列作用，使take advantage與become appreciative平行。,A poet must not write for the ages pa

30、st, but for in which he lives and those which are to follow. A. one B. those C. the one D. that,C the one替代the age，還原為：but must write for the age in which he lives and the ages which are to follow。,There is a delicate balance of nature many square miles of ocean and vegetation and clean air are need

31、ed to maintain only a relatively few human beings. A. where B. in which C. when D. how,B in which在定語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于in the balance of nature (many square miles of)。,There are cases new factories are being put up and beautiful old trees are going to be cut down for a new factory. A. which B. where C. that

32、D. when,C that引導(dǎo)case的同位語(yǔ)從句，其他連接詞都不合適。,Somebody in the next room must be ill, a doctor has just come out. A. because B. for C. in that D. as,B for連接一個(gè)原因分句，對(duì)前面的推測(cè)做原因上的解釋。請(qǐng)考生記住：無(wú)論從邏輯推理還是從語(yǔ)法規(guī)則上看，只要前面是表示推測(cè)的句子，后面大都用for連接后一句，而不用其他連詞。,He would always ignore the fact of such a contradiction in his inner thou

33、ght. A. there to be B. there being C. it being D. there having been,B there being 做介詞of 的賓語(yǔ)，如果是介詞for，則用there to be。,A convenient way is to set the food on a piece of aluminum oil, to the air for half an hour, and then cover it with a dish. A. let it stay open B. let it stayed open C. letting it stay

34、 open D. letting it stay opened,C 分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，形容詞open在分詞短語(yǔ)中做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，表示狀態(tài)，不用過(guò)去分詞，所以D不正確。,They us willingly but that they happened to be short of hands, too. A. would help B. would have helped C. were going to help D. must have helped,B 此句是含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣句，暗含的假設(shè)條件為：if they hadnt happened to be short of hands。故應(yīng)選B。,Re

35、search findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we during the day. A. should have done B. would have done C. may have done D. must have done,C may have done“(不管我們白天)可能做了些什么”，符合句意。should have done“本該做(但實(shí)際未做)”;would have done表示與過(guò)去相反的假設(shè);must have done是對(duì)已發(fā)生的情況作肯定推測(cè)

36、。,If you are to catch a train, it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minute late. A. too B. very C. much D. rather,A 句中too late相當(dāng)于too late to catch the train，所以選其他詞不合適。,The studies show that the driver who has consumed an amount of alcohol within the limit is likely t

37、o have an automobile accident than the driver who does not take any alcohol. A. not so B. not much C. no less D. no more,D no morethan“不比更”。此句意為：“研究表明，喝了酒但不過(guò)量的司機(jī)可能出車禍，不喝酒的司機(jī)也同樣可能出車禍?！?If someone is dying of cancer and begging to be put out of his or her misery, and someone gives that person a deadly

38、 dose of morphine, that seems merciful criminal. A. nevertheless B. otherwise C. or else D. rather than,D rather than起并列作用，使merciful與criminal形成平行結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對(duì)比。,When we arrived, he found the aged and the sick at home. A. none but B. none other than C. nothing but D. no other than,A none but相當(dāng)于no one but“只有

39、”，通常接表示人的詞;nothing but接表示物的詞;none other than和no other than兩者的意思都是“(不是別的)正是”，與本題全句意思不。,I hope all the precautions against air pollution, are suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here. A. as B. while C. after D. since,A as在句中是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞是precautions，其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不是關(guān)系代詞，所以

40、是錯(cuò)誤的。,Most of is on American television are programs designed to appeal to people who go into the supermarkets and buy the products that are advertised on TV. A. which B. that C. whatever D. what,D what是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，同時(shí)又在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，如在本句中做從句的主語(yǔ)，整個(gè)名詞性從句做介詞of的賓語(yǔ);which只能引導(dǎo)形容詞性從句;that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，只是連詞;whatever

41、用在句中不通。,To understand the situation completely requires more thought than thus far. A.has given B. was given C.being given D. has been given,D 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)thus far“到目前為止”，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，據(jù)此排除B、C。比較從句完整的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是than the thought which has been given thus far，可以把than 看做關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)，也可以把主語(yǔ)看做是省略了。,Of great significance the

42、 nation-wide movement is the Kampuchean people in their heroic struggle against the aggression of the Vietnamese. A. to support B. for supporting C. supporting D. of supporting,A 題句由于主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，采用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，可還原為：the nation-wide movement to support the Kampuchean people in their heroic struggle against the aggr

43、ession of the Vietnamese is of great significance。movement要求不定式做定語(yǔ)，其他選項(xiàng)均不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。,Many farmers came to the city, jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city. A. looking for B. to look for C. having looked for D. looked for,A looking for分詞短語(yǔ)做came的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，如果選to look for做目的狀語(yǔ)的話，不

44、該有逗號(hào)。,It is requested that an applicant whose undergraduate work is done at another institution two copies of undergraduate transcripts and degrees directly to the dean of the graduate school. A. must send B. send C. are to send D. need send,B 動(dòng)詞request要求其主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should+)原形表示虛擬。該句中that

45、引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句。,You her in her office last Friday; shes been out of town for two weeks. A. neednt have seen B. might have seen C. must have seen D. cant have seen,D cant have done 表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的情況作否定推測(cè)“一定不是/沒(méi)”，根據(jù)句意只能選D。,After people have learned that magnets attract things, centuries passed _ they took note of the fact that magnets sometimes also repel things. A. before B. un