定語(yǔ)從句詳解+例句(精品)

1、.定語(yǔ)從句詳解 +例句一、定語(yǔ)從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)1.定語(yǔ)從句：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why 等。關(guān)系詞常有3 個(gè)作用： 1，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。二 .關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.who 指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Ye

2、sterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷?。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who 代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略

3、(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 who 或者 whom ；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 which 。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morn

4、ing?5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose 指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the b

5、ook whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三 .介詞 +關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which)

6、you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意： 1. 含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開(kāi)使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is

7、the watch which/that I am looking for. (T).(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用 whom ，不可用 who 或者 that；指物時(shí)用 which ，不能用 that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用 whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which

8、 we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3.“介詞 +關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, s

9、ome of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.四關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(1) Shanghai is the cit

10、y where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 3. why 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation

11、 is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.五限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2) Chi

12、na is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個(gè)句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。（他還有其他的哥

13、哥）(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。（他只有一個(gè)哥哥）難點(diǎn)分析（一）限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能用that 的幾種情況1當(dāng)先行詞是 anything, everything, nothing (something 除外 ), few, all, none, little, some 等代詞時(shí)，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時(shí)(1) Have you taken down

14、 everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.注意：當(dāng)先行 指人 ，偶 也可以用who(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2. 當(dāng)先行 被序數(shù) 修 (1) The first pla

15、ce that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 當(dāng)先行 被形容 最高 修 (1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 當(dāng)形容 被 the very, the only 修 (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當(dāng)先行 指人 ，偶 也可以用who(3) Wang Hua is the

16、 only person in our school who will attend the meeting/5. 當(dāng)先行 前面有 who, which 等疑 代 (1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 當(dāng)先行 既有人，也有 物或者物體 (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?（二）關(guān)系代 as 和 which引 的定 從句as 和 which 引 非限制性定

17、 從句，有相同之 也有不同之 。具體情況是：1 As 和 which 都可以在定 從句中做主 或者 ，代表前面整個(gè)句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as 引 非限制性定 從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which 引 的非限制性定 從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as 有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the s

18、outh, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在 上的因果關(guān)系 ，常用which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3. 當(dāng)先行次受 such, the same修 ，常用 as(1) I have never heard such

19、a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當(dāng)先行次由the same修 ，偶 也用that 引 定 從句，但是和由as 所引 的定 從句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿著她在Mary 婚禮上穿 的一條裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿

20、的一 的裙子。（三）以the way 先行 的定 從句通常由in which, that 引 ，而且通?？梢允÷?。(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising. (四 ) but 有 也可以做關(guān)系 引 定 從句. 修飾名詞或代詞的從句。換句話說(shuō)，名詞、代詞后的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。 被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞、甚至詞組或句子叫先行詞。 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。.(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who dont )(五 )區(qū)分定語(yǔ)

21、從句和同位語(yǔ)從句1定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語(yǔ)從句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于從句2定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可以省略；同位語(yǔ)從句主要由that 引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what 等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分(1) The news he told me

22、is true.(2) The news that he has just died is true.(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定語(yǔ)(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3. 同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞一般可以用be 動(dòng)詞發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子，而定語(yǔ)從句不可以(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wo

23、nderful.(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. 同位語(yǔ)(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.語(yǔ)法解釋：定語(yǔ)從句先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞分兩種：一是關(guān)系代詞 (在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表、定語(yǔ)成分)二是關(guān)系副詞 (在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)成分 )關(guān)系詞的三個(gè)功能：1.連接功能（連接先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句）；2.擔(dān)任功能（在定語(yǔ)

24、從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表、定、狀語(yǔ)）；3.替代功能（在定語(yǔ)從句中代替先行詞）。A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is a machine, and the machine can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as在定語(yǔ)從句中可擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)的是：who, that, which, as在定語(yǔ)從句中可擔(dān)任賓語(yǔ)的是：who, whom, that, which, as在定語(yǔ)從句中可擔(dān)任定語(yǔ)的是：whose, which當(dāng)先

25、行詞是 人時(shí)，可用的關(guān)系詞是：who, whom, that, as當(dāng)先行詞是 物時(shí)，可用的關(guān)系詞是：which, that, whose, as關(guān)系副詞有：when ( 先行詞為時(shí)間), where ( 先行詞為地點(diǎn)), why ( 先行詞為原因)關(guān)系副詞= 介詞+ which / whom定語(yǔ)從句分為兩種：限制性與非限制性。先行詞與關(guān)系詞之間無(wú)逗號(hào) 隔開(kāi)為限制性；有逗號(hào) 隔開(kāi)則為非限制性。.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般不可用關(guān)系代詞that 引導(dǎo)。唯一可以置于先行詞之前的定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞as 引導(dǎo)。以下練習(xí)詳細(xì)介紹了定語(yǔ)從句使用的具體語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。一 . 單選：1. A football fan i

26、s _ has a strong interest in football.A. thatB. whoC. a person whoD. what2. The house, _ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.A. whose roofB. which roofC. its roofD. the roof3. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A. that you talkedB. you talked about itC. which you talkedD. yo

27、u talked about4. The matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. for which5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom6.Who _ has common sense（常識(shí)）will do such a thing?A. whichB. whoC. whomD.

28、 that7. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A. thatB. thoseC. whichD. what8. They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where9. I ll tell you _ he told me last night.A. all whichB. all whatC. that allD. all10.A child _ parents have died is cal

29、led an orphan.A. whoB. who sC. whoseD. which11.Is this the museum _ you visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one12.Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one13. How do you like the book? It s quite different from _ I read last m

30、onth.A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. the one what14.Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal?A. whichB. whatC. whyD. for that15.The train _ she was traveling was late.A. whichB. whereC. on whichD. in that16.He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept.A. whereB. on whichC. under

31、whichD. which17.Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. about which18.He arrived at a time, _, in his opinion, was rather inappropriate for them.A. thatB. /C. whichD. when19.He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their

32、studies.A. whomB. whoC. whenD. because.20.The Second World War _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A. whenB. during thatC. in whichD. which21.He was born in the year _ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.A. whichB. whenC. on whichD. during which22.Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _ he s

33、pent with his various students.A. whenB. whichC. on whichD. in which23.This is just the place _ I am looking forward to visiting these years.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. to where24.We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. where25.The hote

34、l _ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A. in which we stayedB. where we stayed atC. we stayedD. in that we stayed26.I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A. asB. thatC. whichD. than27.He is not _ a fool _.A. such/as he is lookedB. such/as he looksC. as/as he is lookedD. so/as he looks

35、28.The time _ was given to us was too limited. We must hurry up.A. whenB. during whichC. thatD. for which29.Some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult.A. whichB. itC. whatD. that30.He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin.A. thatB. asC. whoD. what31.He has two sons,

36、 _ work as chemists.A. two of whomB. both of whomC. both of whichD. all of whom32.The buses, _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of thatB. which mostC. most of whichD. that most33.My glasses, _ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A. whichB. with whichC. wi

37、thout whichD. that34.Mr. Wu, _ everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry.A. whomB. thatC. whichD. /35.This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell us.A. whoB . whomC. thatD. /36._, the compass was first made in China.A. It is known to allB. It is known thatC. We all

38、knowD. As is known to all37.I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who isB. who amC. that isD. what is38.He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned.A. whoB. thatC. from whichD. from whom39.It was such a serious mistake, _ caused by carelessness.A. which I think wasB.

39、which I think it wasC. I think which wasD. I think which it was40.He lived in London for 3 months, during _ he picked up some English.A. thisB. whichC. thatD. when41.The general at last got a chance to visit the village _ he used to fight, _ he had been dreaming of for years.A. that/whichB. where/th

40、atC. in which/whatD. where/which42.I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whom43.He has to work on Sundays, _ he does not like.A. and whichB. whichC. and whenD. when44.I gave him a warning, _ he turned a deaf ear.A. of whichB. for whichC. to thatD. to which4

41、5.My father has made me _ I am.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that46.She is one of the few girls who _ passed the examination.A. wasB. wereC. hasD. have47.He is my son, _ a better son does not exist.A. butB. than whoC. against whomD. than whom48.As many members _ were present agreed to the plan.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. as49.You may call on me from one to five o clock, during _ I am always at home.A. the timeB. what timeC. that timeD. which time50.China is the birthplace of kites, _ kiteflying ( 放風(fēng)箏 ) spread to Japan, Korea, and India.A. from thereB . whereC. from wh