OSPF單區(qū)域基本配置

1、OSPF單區(qū)域基本配置【實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱】Ospf單區(qū)域基本配置【實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹空莆赵诼酚善魃吓渲肙SPF單區(qū)域?！颈尘懊枋觥考僭O(shè)校園網(wǎng)通過1臺(tái)三層交換機(jī)連到校園網(wǎng)出口路由器，路由器再和校園外的另1臺(tái)路由器連接，現(xiàn)做適當(dāng)配置，實(shí)現(xiàn)校園網(wǎng)內(nèi)部主機(jī)與校園網(wǎng)外部主機(jī)的相互通信?！炯夹g(shù)原理】OSPF（Open Shortest Path First，開放式最短路徑優(yōu)先）協(xié)議，是目前網(wǎng)絡(luò)中應(yīng)用最廣泛的路由協(xié)議之一。屬于內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)路由協(xié)議，能夠適應(yīng)各種規(guī)模的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境，是典型的鏈路狀態(tài)（link-state）協(xié)議。OSPF路由協(xié)議通過向全網(wǎng)擴(kuò)散本設(shè)備的鏈路狀態(tài)信息，使網(wǎng)絡(luò)中每臺(tái)設(shè)備最終同步一個(gè)具有全網(wǎng)鏈路狀態(tài)的數(shù)據(jù)庫（L

2、SDB），然后路由器采用SPF算法，以自己為根，計(jì)算到達(dá)其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)的最短路徑，最終形成全網(wǎng)路由信息。OSPF屬于無類路由協(xié)議，支持VLSM（變長(zhǎng)子網(wǎng)掩碼）。OSPF是以組播的形式進(jìn)行鏈路狀態(tài)的通告的。在大模型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中，OSPF支持區(qū)域的劃分，將網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行合理規(guī)劃。劃分區(qū)域時(shí)必須存在area0（骨干區(qū)域）。其他區(qū)域和骨干區(qū)域直接相連，或通過虛鏈路的方式連接?！緦?shí)現(xiàn)功能】實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的互連互通，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的共享和傳遞。【實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備】S3550（1臺(tái)）、R1762路由器（兩臺(tái)）、V35線纜（1根）、交叉線或直連線（1條）【實(shí)驗(yàn)拓?fù)洹?注：路由器和主機(jī)直連時(shí)，需要使用交叉線，在R1762的以太網(wǎng)接口支持M

3、DI/MDIX，使用直連線也可以連通。R1的S1/2為DCE接口?！緦?shí)驗(yàn)步驟】步驟一 ：基本配置三層交換機(jī)基本配置switch#configure terminal /進(jìn)入全局模式switch(config)#hostname s3550 /命名修改S3550(config)#vlan 10 /創(chuàng)建vlan10S3550(config-vlan)#exitS3550(config)#vlan 50 /創(chuàng)建vlan50S3550(config-vlan)#exitS3550(config)#interface f0/1/進(jìn)入fa0/1端口模式S3550(config-if)#switchport

4、 access vlan 10/把fa0/1端口劃分到vlan10S3550(config-if)#exitS3550(config)#interface f0/5 /進(jìn)入fa0/5端口模式S3550(config-if)#switchport access vlan 50/把fa0/5端口劃分到vlan50S3550(config-if)#exitS3550(config)#interface vlan 10 /創(chuàng)建VLAN虛接口，并配置IPS3550(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0S3550(config-if)#no shut

5、downS3550(config-if)#exitS3550(config)#interface vlan 50 /創(chuàng)建VLAN虛接口，并配置IPS3550(config-if)#ip address 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.0S3550(config-if)#no shutdown/啟用端口S3550(config-if)#exit 驗(yàn)證測(cè)試：S3550#show vlanVLAN Name Status Ports-1 default active Fa0/2 ,Fa0/3 Fa0/4 ,Fa0/6 ,Fa0/7 Fa0/8 ,Fa0/9 ,Fa0/10 Fa0/11

6、,Fa0/12,Fa0/13 Fa0/14,Fa0/15,Fa0/16 Fa0/17,Fa0/18,Fa0/19 Fa0/20,Fa0/21,Fa0/22 Fa0/23,Fa0/2410 vlan10 active Fa0/150 vlan50 active Fa0/5S3550#show ip interfaceInterface : VL10Description : Vlan 10OperStatus : UPManagementStatus : EnabledPrimary Internet address: 172.16.1.1/24Broadcast address : 255.2

7、55.255.255PhysAddress : 00d0.f8ff.8ab5Interface : VL50Description : Vlan 50OperStatus : UPManagementStatus : EnabledPrimary Internet address: 172.16.5.1/24Broadcast address : 255.255.255.255PhysAddress : 00d0.f8ff.8ab6路由器基本配置Router1(config)# interface fastethernet 1/0 /進(jìn)入端口F1/0Router1(config-if)# ip

8、 address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0/配置IPRouter1(config-if)# no shutdown /啟用端口，使其轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)Router1(config-if)#exitRouter1(config)# interface serial 1/2 /進(jìn)入端口S1/2Router1(config-if)# ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 /配置IPRouter1(config-if)# clock rate 64000 /設(shè)置時(shí)鐘頻率Router1(config-if)# no shutdown /啟用端口，使其轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)

9、據(jù)Router2(config)# interface fastethernet 1/0 /進(jìn)入端口F1/0Router2(config-if)# ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0 /配置IPRouter2(config-if)# no shutdown /啟用端口，使其轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)Router2(config-if)#exit Router2(config)# interface serial 1/2 /進(jìn)入端口S1/2Router2(config-if)# ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0 /配置IPRouter2(c

10、onfig-if)# no shutdown /啟用端口，使其轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證測(cè)試：驗(yàn)證路由器接口的配置和狀態(tài)。Router1#show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address(Pri) OK? Statusserial 1/2 172.16.2.1/24 YES UPserial 1/3 no address YES DOWNFastEthernet 1/0 172.16.1.1/24 YES UPFastEthernet 1/1 no address YES DOWNNull 0 no address YES UPRouter2#show ip inte

11、rface briefInterface IP-Address(Pri) OK? Statusserial 1/2 172.16.2.2/24 YES UPserial 1/3 no address YES DOWNFastEthernet 1/0 172.16.3.2/24 YES UPFastEthernet 1/1 no address YES DOWNNull 0 no address YES UP步驟二 配置OSPF路由協(xié)議S3550配置OSPFS3550(config)#router ospf 1 /開啟OSPF路由協(xié)議進(jìn)程S3550(config-router)#network

12、172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 /申請(qǐng)直連網(wǎng)段信息，并分配區(qū)域號(hào)S3550(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0/宣告本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)S3550(config-router)#endRouter1配置OSPFRouter1(config)# router ospf 1 /進(jìn)入編號(hào)為1的osRouter1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0/宣告本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)Router1(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.25

13、5 area 0 /宣告本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)Router1(config-router)#endRouter2配置OSPFRouter2(config)#router ospf 1 /進(jìn)入編號(hào)為1的ospf進(jìn)程Router2(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 /宣告本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)Router2(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 /宣告本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)Router2(config-router)#end步驟三 查看驗(yàn)證三臺(tái)路由設(shè)備的路由表，查看是否自動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)了其他網(wǎng)段的路由信息。S3550

14、#show ip route /查看路由表Type: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2Type Destination IP Next hop Interface Distance Metric Status-Gateway of last resort is no

15、setC 10.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, serial 1/2C 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet 1/0C 172.16.1.1/32 is local host.C 172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, serial 1/2C 172.16.2.1/32 is local host.O 172.16.5.0/24 110/51 via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:01, FastEthernet 1/0O 172.16.3.0/24 110/5

16、1 via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:21, serial 1/2Router2# show ip routeGateway of last resort is no setC 10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, serial 1/2O 172.16.1.0/24 110/51 via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:03, serial 1/2C 172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, serial 1/2C 172.16.2.2/32 is local host.O 172.16.5.0/24 110/52

17、via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:03, serial 1/2步驟四. 測(cè)試網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性。C:ping 172.16.3.22 /從PC1 ping PC2【注意事項(xiàng)】1、在串口上配置時(shí)鐘頻率時(shí)，一定要在電纜DCE端的路由器上配置，否則鏈路不通。2、在申明直連網(wǎng)段時(shí)，注意要寫該網(wǎng)段的反掩碼。3、在申明直連網(wǎng)段時(shí)，必須指明所屬的區(qū)域。【參考配置】S3550# show running-config /查看全部配置信息Building configuration.Current configuration : 383 bytesversion 1.0hostname s3550vlan

18、1vlan 10vlan 50interface FastEthernet 0/1switchport access vlan 10interface FastEthernet 0/5switchport access vlan 50interface Vlan 10ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0interface Vlan 50ip address 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.0router ospfarea 0.0.0.0network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0.0.0.0network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0.0.0.0endrouter1#show running-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration : 569 bytesversion 8.32(building 53)hostname router1interface serial 1/2ip address 172.16.2.1 255