《詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)(北醫(yī)》PPT課件.ppt

詞匯結(jié)構(gòu),zhu,以統(tǒng)考英語(yǔ)的考點(diǎn)為綱來(lái)了解英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法,詞義,此部分主要考查形近詞和義近詞的用法，解題技巧和關(guān)鍵在于抓住其詞義的不同之處。這就要求考生平常在識(shí)記單詞的時(shí)候要弄清詞匯的意思，知其一，還要知其二。,1. There have been many _ in their marriage but they still love each other. （2010年4月） A. right and wrong B. back and forth C. ups and downs D. right and left,If you have ups and downs, you experience a mixture of good things and bad things. 浮沉，起伏，盛衰,If someone or something moves back and forth, they move first in one direction and then in the opposite direction. 來(lái)回，往復(fù),2. It was well known that Thomas Edison _ the electric lamp.（2009年12月） invented B. discovered C. found D. developed,Invent-create or design something that has not existed before Discover-find unexpectedly Find-discover by chance Develop-grow and become more mature, advanced,3. Smoking is bad for your health. So please _.（2010年4月） A. give it up B. give it in C. give it out D. give it away,If you give up something, you stop doing it or believing in it.,If you give in, you admit that you are defeated or that you can not do something.,If you give out a number of things, you distribute them to a number of different people.,If you give something away, you give it to someone.,4. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _. （2010年4月） energy B. source C. power D. material,Energy-能源 Source-水源 Power-能量，力量 Material-原料，物資,詞性,英語(yǔ)單詞詞性主要包括名詞、動(dòng)詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞、嘆詞等。,1. This is _ film I have ever seen.（2010年4月） A. a wonderful B. the most wonderful C. wonderful D. most wonderful,形容詞最高級(jí)前面需要加the,2. I paid _ for the new book.（2010年4月） A. half pound B. one pound and half C. one and a half pounds D. one and half a pound,名詞單復(fù)數(shù)：大于1都是復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),一些特殊情況：potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, belief-beliefs, roof-roofs，gulf-gulfs，child-children，foot-feet，tooth-teeth，mouse-mice, man-men, woman-women，goose-geese，fish-fish，sheep-sheep，cattle-cattle，deer-deer。,3. He couldnt buy the dictionary because he had _ money with him.（2009年12月） a few B. few C. a little D. little,4. The old man lives _.He always feels _.（2010年4月） A. lonely, lonely B. alone, alone C. lonely, alone D. alone, lonely,Alone-一個(gè)人 Lonely-孤單,5. He is an old friend of _.（2009年12月） my B. mine C. me D. myself,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指不能直接做謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。主要包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。,動(dòng)詞不定式：to do 動(dòng)名詞：doing 現(xiàn)在分詞：doing 過(guò)去分詞：done,常跟不定式的動(dòng)詞有：ask，decide，determine，manage，fail，refuse，seem，tend，attempt，choose，demand，hesitate，help，expect，hope，learn，prepare，pretend，want，wish，aim，afford，agree，appear，plan，arrange，offer，prove allow，forbid ，persuade，remind，request，require，advise,常跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞有：avoid，finish，mind，miss，practice，risk，prevent，suggest，enjoy，feel like，delay，consider，admit，appreciate，dislike，postpone，imagine，deny，cant help，keep，resist,1. The physics exam is not difficult, is it? _. Even Harry _ to the top students failed in it.（2010年4月） Yes; belongs B. No; belonged C. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging,現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),反義疑問(wèn)句的回答,2. There was so much noise in the classroom that the teacher couldnt make himself _.（2009年12月） heard B. hearing C. to hear D. hear,Make something/somebody done,3. I have been looking forward to _ from my parents.（2009年12月） hear B. being heard C. be heard D. hearing,Look forward to doing something Hear from somebody,4. Would you let _ to the park with my classmate, Mum?（2010年4月） me go B. me going C. I go D. I going,Let somebody do something,5. After the Minister of Education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was made _ all sorts of awkward questions.（2010年4月） answer B. answering C. answered D. to answer,Make somebody do something Somebody is made to do something,時(shí)態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),1. The young _ eaten up almost everything on the table.（2010年4月） is B. are C. has D. have,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has + done,2. Its high time that he settled down in the country and _ a new life.（2010年4月） A. start B. started C. starting D. to start,And連接的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和形式都要保持一致,3. Hi, Jane. Would you like to go to the ball this evening? Sorry, Frank. _tomorrows lessons, I have no time to go out with you. （2009年12月） Not preparing B. Not having prepared C. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí),4. _ tomorrows lessons, Frank has no time to go out with his friends.（2009年12月） Not preparing B. Not having prepared C. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí),(not)Having done,5. Nancy was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital. Oh, really? I _. I _visit her.（2010年4月） A. didnt know; will go to B. dont know; will go to C. didnt know; am going to D. havent known; am going to,一般過(guò)去時(shí)和表示意愿的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),Be going to表示計(jì)劃 Will表示意愿,語(yǔ)態(tài),英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)包括主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)能執(zhí)行謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)不能執(zhí)行謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者。,1. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.（2009年12月） covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中現(xiàn)在分詞體現(xiàn)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，過(guò)去分詞體現(xiàn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),2. Why does he look sad? There are so many problems _.（2010年4月） A. remaining to settle B. remained settling C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Be done 動(dòng)詞不定式：to do 動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to be done,3. Take this medicine twice a day, Peter? Do I have to take it? It _ so terrible.（2010年4月） is tasting B. is tasted C. tastes D. has tasted,系動(dòng)詞+形容詞 look, sound, smell, taste, feel,4. _ his examination of the patient, the doctor wrote out a prescription.（2009年12月） Having finished B. Finishing C. Finished D. Having been,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí),5. A sudden noise of a fire-engine made him _to the door.（2010年4月） hurrying B. hurried C. hurry D. to hurry,Make somebody do something Have somebody do something Let somebody do something Ask somebody to do something,主謂一致,主謂一致主要是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要在人稱與數(shù)上保持一致,1就近原則。當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的名詞和代詞由or，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采取就近原則，要和最接近謂語(yǔ)的名詞和代詞在人稱與數(shù)上保持一致。,2當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后有with，as well as，along with，together with，besides，in addition to，accompanied by，rather than，but，except等詞匯時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和這些詞前的主語(yǔ)保持一致。,3. 其他情況：（1）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連接，但表示同一人、同一物或單一概念時(shí)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞由each，every，many a 和no修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)不定代詞each，every one，no one，either，neither，another，somebody，nothing，nobody，anything，everybody作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。當(dāng)none做主語(yǔ)或修飾的名詞、代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，若是可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。,1. The young _ interested in pop music.（2010年4月） is B. have C. has D. are 2. I will count three hundred and not one of you _ move a bit.（2010年4月） is to B. are to C. is D. are 3. Two thousand dollars _ enough for the car.（2009年12月） being B. were C. are D. is 4. Both the kids and their parents _ English, I think. I know it from their accent. （2010年4月） A. is B. been C. are D. was,從句,定語(yǔ)從句 狀語(yǔ)從句 名詞性從句,1. Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies _ bad for their mental development.（2010年4月） A. that is B. that are C. as is D. as are 2. Did you notice the guy _ head like a big potato?（2009年12月） A. who B. which C. whose D. Whom,3. We all thought _ pity that you were unable to come to our meeting.（2009年12月） A. that B. which C. this D. it 4. You object _, dont you?（2010年4月） A. that they come B. that they came C. to their come D. to their coming 5. People at the party worried about him, because no one was aware _ he had gone. （2010年4月） A. of where B. of the place where C. where D. the place,倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句,倒裝句分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)、方向和時(shí)間的副詞或介詞如here，there，up，down，out，away，now，then，thus等放在句首，主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)，通常用全部倒裝。當(dāng)具有否定意義的詞或詞組如never，hardly，seldom，by no means，under no circumstances等詞放在句首時(shí)需部分倒裝。,強(qiáng)調(diào)句通常指It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他句子成分。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為人、物或人與物時(shí)，that均可用，只有等強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為人時(shí)，可用who。,1. Hardly _ on stage _ the audience started cheering.（2010年4月） he had come ;than B. he had come ; when C. had he come ; when D. had he come ; than 2. I was satisfied with her explanation, _.（2009年12月） A. so my classmates were B. so were my classmates C. so my classmates did D. so did my classmates 3. No matter _, the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely.（2010年4月） A. it was snowing hard B. hard it was snowing C. how it was snowing hard D. how hard it was snowing 4. Never before _ see such a terrible car accident on the road!（2009年12月） A. I have B. have I C. I did D. did I,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表達(dá)與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)或說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望。此部分只需記憶三種類型：一般情況、should+動(dòng)詞原形、特殊情況。,一般情況 （1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)（be用were），主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would/ should/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形； （2）表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had+過(guò)去分詞，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would/ should/ could/ might + have + 過(guò)去分詞； （3）與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原形，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用were to +動(dòng)詞原形或would/should/could+動(dòng)詞原形。,2. should +動(dòng)詞原形 （1）當(dāng)主句中出現(xiàn)ask，request，demand，require，advise，suggest（建議），recommend，propose, urge，order，plan，prefer，maintain, ensure, insist（堅(jiān)決要求），desire，agree、decide等以及它們的名詞或形容詞出現(xiàn)在主句中時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。 （2）當(dāng)It is/was+形容詞+that 從句結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)如important，necessary，natural，essential，urgent，vital，possible，probable，strange，better等形容詞時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。 （3）當(dāng)主句中出現(xiàn)如pity，idea，motion，shame，no wonder等名詞時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should 可省略。,3. 特殊情況 （1） 在as if 和as though引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句若為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)；等等。 （2）It is/was high/about/better/good time +that從句中，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用一般過(guò)去式。 （3）If only 引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般用過(guò)去完成式時(shí)表示過(guò)去的情況，用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在的情況，用would / could +動(dòng)詞原形表示將來(lái)的情況。 （4）在 lest，for fear that，in case引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should 不可省略。 （5）當(dāng)主句中出現(xiàn)would rather時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去完成式表示過(guò)去，用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。,1. If you _ your work, you can go there first.（2010年4月） A. will finish B. finished C. finishing D. have finished 2. The old lady is quarrelling as if she _ mad.（2010年4月） A. was B. is C. are D. were 3. Each person at the reunion was required to talk to other relatives to find out if they would buy one of the histories _ it were printed.（2009年12月） A. whether B. if C. when D. after 4. I wish everybody _ the meeting tomorrow.（2010年4月） A. will attend B. would attend C. had attended D. is going to attend,高頻題目選講,1、Professor, would you slow down a bit, please? I cant _you. A. keep up with B. put up with C. make up to D. hold on to,答案. A,2、_ these honours he received a sum of money. Except B. But C. Besides D. Outside,答案. C,4、Theres lots of fruit _ the treeOur little cat is also _ the tree. in；in B. on；on C. in；on D. on；in,答案. D,5、-_I put my coat here? -Sorry, you _. May; mustnt B. Do; dont C. can; neednt D. May; cant,答案. D,6、On average, a successful lawyer has to talk to several _ a day. customers B. supporters C. guests D. clients,答案. D,7、 Tom, what did you do with my documents? I have never seen such a _ and disorder! mass B. mess C. guess D. bus,答案. B,8、Many people watched the boys _the mountain at that time. climb B. climbing C. to climb D. climbed,答案. B,9、On _ side of the street there are some trees. both B. either C. every D. all,答案. B,10、Never before _ see such a terrible car accident on the road! I have B. have I C. I did D. did I,答案. D,12、- Its a good idea. But whos going to_ the plan?- I think John and Peter will. carry out B. get through C. take in D. set aside,答案. A,11、The students were all entertained in a Mexican restaurant, at Professor Brians _. money B. pay C. expense D. loss,答案. C,13、The computer system _ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in,答案. A,14、A sudden noise of a fire-engine made him_to the door. hurrying B. hurried C. hurry D. to hurry,答案. C,15、Both the kids and their parents _ English, I think. I know it from their accent. is B. been C. are D. was,答案. C,16、The manager will not _ us to use his car. have B. let C. agree D. allow,答案. D,17、_ the War of Independence, the United States was an English colony. Before B. At C. In D. Between,答案. A,18、_her and then try to copy what she does. Mind B. See C. Stare at D. Watch,答案. D,19、While I was in the university, I learned taking a photo, _ is very useful now for me. it B. which C. that D. what,答案. B,20、No matter _ , the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely. it was snowing hard B. hard it was snowing C. how it was snowing hard D. how hard it was snowing,答案. D,21、A police officer claimed he had attempted to _ paying his fare. avoid B. reject C. refuse D. neglect,答案. A,22、How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? can B. must C. need D. may,答案. A,23、The children _ play with them. want that I B. want me for C. want me to D. are wanting that,答案. C,24、James Watt _ the steam engine. was inventing B. invented C. had invented D. has invented,答案. B,25、A long time ago, I _ in London for three years. had lived B. have lived C. lived D. have been living,答案. C,26、She _ 100 pages of the book today. has already read B. already reads C. already read D. was already read,答案. A,27、Yesterday was _ day that we decided to go swimming. such beautiful B. so beautiful C. such a beautiful D. a so beautiful,答案. C,28、At that time, she _ on a journey with her friend. is B. was C. has been D. is being,答案. B,29、We are next-door _. neighborhoods B. neighbor C. neighborhood D. neighbors,答案. D,30、He helped me _ my homework. with B. to C. about D. of,答案. A,31、He _ to me last week. is writing B. wr