2018_2019學(xué)年高中英語Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse單元質(zhì)量檢測五外研版.docx

單元質(zhì)量檢測(五)(時間：100分鐘滿分：120分).閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheres more to phone boxes than phonesAdoptThe red phone box is part of the character of many streets and villages around the UK. But with the mobile phone, many are no longer used and we are looking to remove them. For just 1 you can make sure the red phone boxes in your community enjoy a new life as something completely different, like a book exchange, or an art gallery.Click here to see what some local communities have already done. Download our Adopt A Kiosk brochure here, or if youre ready to adopt one now, click here!BuyWouldnt it be great to impress your customers with a traditional red phone box in your places? Or maybe you badly want to own one yourself. Go on! You know its just what your garden needs!For more information, get in touch with our partners at X2Connect or call them at 4401636611110.AdvertiseThink about how many people pass by a phone box daily. Its a great way to get noticed. If youd like to advertise your business or campaign on the side of a phone box, get in touch to find out more.Talk to our partners at JCDecaux for more information.CashCombine a red phone box with an ATM. Our company takes care of everything from site acquisition (站點(diǎn)獲取) and installation (安裝), gaining planning permission from local authorities, to preparations of the phone box and ATM as well as ongoing protecting and cleaning services.To find out more, fill out the callback form below or call us.1What are you supposed to do if you adopt a phone box?ASell it online for new uses.BMove it to your own office.CReplace it with an art gallery.DRecycle it to serve your community.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Adopt部分的內(nèi)容可知，所謂領(lǐng)養(yǎng)電話亭，就是將社區(qū)中不再運(yùn)行的電話亭改造后重新投入使用，它可以有全新的用途。根據(jù)“what some local communities have already done”可知，這些電話亭是以社區(qū)的名義領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的，改造后自然也是為了服務(wù)社區(qū)。2What do you need to get in touch with if you want to purchase a phone box?AX2Connect.BJCDecaux.CYour communities. DLocal authorities.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Buy部分的“get in touch with our partners at X2Connect”可知，若想購買電話亭可以聯(lián)系X2Connect。3What is recommended if you want to attract customers?AFixing an ATM in your phone box.BSelling small things in the phone box.COrganizing campaigns to sell phone boxes.DAdvertising your product on a phone box.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Advertise部分可知，每天電話亭周圍的人流量很大，所以可以在上面做廣告，用來吸引顧客。BOn Friday, December 11, 2015, I visited NASAs Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.My first stop was the Space Food Systems Laboratory, where I met with Ben ONeil, a food scientist. He makes and packages food for astronauts in space. I got to taste mixed fruits, Italian veggies, beef ravioli, blueberry cobbler, shrimp cocktail, and a mango peach smoothie. Space food tastes like the food we eat on Earth. Thats because it is. Space food is made out of ingredients you can find at your grocery store. A special process is applied to keep the important nutrients that space explorers need to stay healthy.Next, I met with astronaut Terry Virts, who recently spent six months living and working on the International Space Station (ISS). “At an early age I wanted to be a pilot，” Virts told me. “But after reading the book Apollo, I decided to be an astronaut.” I asked if he was scared the first time he went into space. “No，” he said. “I was more concerned with not letting anyone down. Now, thinking back, I should have been afraid because of the 40,000 pounds of explosives under me at takeoff.”As my visit continued, I learned about NASAs new Orion spacecraft that is designed to take astronauts farther into space than ever before. I talked to Stu McClung, Orions spacecraft engineer, and toured the model spacecraft. McClung showed me the control panel (控制面板) and allowed me to strap into a launching seat. He also showed me a video that explains what happens when a spacecraft reenters Earths atmosphere.My last meeting was with Lucien Junkin, a NASA robotics engineer who helps to create rovers and humanoids. Rovers are space exploration vehicles and humanoids are robots that do work or activities in space similar to what humans do on Earth. I even got to drive a rover.4When tasting food provided by Ben ONeil, the author _.Afelt sad about astronauts in spaceBnever wanted to try the food againCdidnt think the food tasted differentDlearned the food wasnt very nutritious解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Space food tastes like the food we eat on Earth. Thats because it is.”可推斷，作者不覺得那些食物味道有什么特別的。5How did Terry Virts most probably feel after reading Apollo?AConcerned. BShocked.CConfused. DInspired.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“But after reading the book Apollo, I decided to be an astronaut.”可推斷，Terry Virts讀完這本書后很受鼓舞。6What did the author learn about from Stu McClung?ASpace travel.BEarths atmosphere.CAn advanced spacecraft.DThe history of spacecrafts.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“As my visit continued, I learned about NASAs new Orion spacecraft that is designed .”以及“McClung showed me the control panel (控制面板) and allowed me to strap into a launching seat.”可知，從McClung那里，作者了解到了一艘很先進(jìn)的飛船。7Which of the following did the author do last there that day?ATalk with an astronaut.BDrive a model spacecraft.CTaste a mango peach smoothie.DDrive a space exploration vehicle.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)末段的“I even got to drive a rover.”可知，作者在那里做的最后一件事是嘗試開一個太空探測車。CUp until now, it has been believed big cats like the leopard (豹) originated in parts of Africa. However, an ancient skull unearthed recently indicates that big cats originated in central Asia not Africa as widely thought, paleontologists (古生物學(xué)家) reported on Wednesday.Dated at between 4.1 and 5.95 million years old, the fossil is the oldest remains ever found of a pantherine felid, as big cats are called. The previous felid record holder tooth fragments (碎片) found in Tanzania is estimated to be around 3.8 million years old.The evolution of big cats has been heatedly discussed, and the issue is complicated by a lack of fossil evidence to settle the debate.“This find suggests that big cats have a deeper evolutionary origin than previously suspected，” said Jack Zeng, a paleontologist of the University of Southern California who led the probe (調(diào)查)Zeng and his team made the find in 2010 in a remote border region in Tibet. The fossil was found stuck among more than 100 bones that were probably deposited by a river that exited a cliff. After three years of careful comparisons with other fossils, using DNA data to build a family tree, the team is convinced the creature was a pantherine felid.The weight of evidence suggests that central or northern Asia is where big cats originated some 16 million years ago. They may have lived in a vast mountain shelter, formed by the uplifting Himalayas, feeding on equally remarkable species such as the Tibetan blue sheep. They then dispersed (分散) into Southeast Asia, evolving (進(jìn)化) into the clouded leopard, tiger and snow leopard families, and later movements across continents saw them evolve into jaguars and lions.The newly discovered felid has been called Panthera Blytheae, after Blythe Haaga, daughter of a couple who support a museum in Los Angeles, the university said in a news release.語篇解讀：本文是一篇科普說明文。一塊顱骨的出土推翻了一貫的結(jié)論，大型貓科動物起源于中亞，而不是非洲。該出土的顱骨證明了大型貓科動物的生活習(xí)性和進(jìn)化過程。8According to the passage, why is the evolution of big cats a hot issue?ABecause not many fossils have been found.BBecause they moved across continents.CBecause no equipment was available for accurate analysis.DBecause they have evolved into many different species of felid.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“has been heatedly discussed, and the issue is complicated by a lack of fossil evidence to settle the debate”可知，A項(xiàng)正確。9Where was the new felid fossil found?AIn Tanzania.BIn Tibet.CIn California. DIn Southeast Asia.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Zeng and his team made the find in 2010 in a remote border region in Tibet”可知，最新的化石是在西藏發(fā)現(xiàn)的，故B項(xiàng)正確。10According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?ASome big cats evolved into jaguars 16 million years ago.BThe oldest fossil of big cats ever discovered is 3.8 million years old.CBig cats are later generations of snow leopards living in high mountains.DTibetan blue sheep was a main food source for big cats in the Himalayas.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第二句中的“feeding on equally remarkable species such as the Tibetan blue sheep”可知，大型貓科動物以與其同樣引人注目的動物如西藏的巖羊?yàn)槭常蔇項(xiàng)正確。11What is the purpose of this passage?ATo promote wildlife conservation.BTo report on a new find in paleontology.CTo introduce a new animal species.DTo compare the family trees of pantherine felids.解析：選B目的意圖題。通讀全文可知，本文第一段的第二句“However, an ancient skull unearthed recently indicates that big cats originated in central Asia not Africa as widely thought, paleontologists (古生物學(xué)家) reported on Wednesday”為文章主題句；據(jù)此可知，本文旨在介紹古生物學(xué)方面的一項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)，故B項(xiàng)正確。DThe concept of intelligent robots, as friends or enemies, dates back to ancient times. Reports of people admiring human likenesses and building humanlike robots date back to the days of ancient Greece and Egypt. AI has also featured prominently in pop culture, for example: the computer HAL 9000 in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey and Arnold Schwarzeneggers robot character in The Terminator films.Since the field of AI was officially founded in the mid1950s, people have been predicting the rise of conscious machines. Inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil refers to a point in time known as “the_singularity”， when machine intelligence beats human intelligence. Based on the exponential (指數(shù)的) growth of technology according to Moores Law (which states that computing processing power doubles approximately every two years), Kurzweil has predicted the singularity will occur by 2045.Nevertheless, a number of prominent science and technology experts have expressed worry that human beings are not doing enough to prepare for the rise of artificial general intelligence, if and when it does occur. Earlier this week, Hawking issued a serious warning about the threat of AI. “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race，” Hawking told the BBC, in response to a question about his new voice recognition system, which uses artificial intelligence to predict intended words. And Hawking isnt alone. Elon Musk told an audience at MIT that AI is humanitys “biggest existential threat”. He also once posted, “We need to be super careful with AI. Potentially more dangerous than nuclear weapons.”In March, Musk told CNBC that hed like to “keep an eye on whats going on with artificial intelligence，” adding, “I think theres potentially a dangerous outcome there.” But despite the fears of noticeable technology leaders, the rise of conscious machines known as “strong AI” or “general artificial intelligence” is likely a long way off, many researchers argue. “I dont see any reason to think that as machines become more intelligent . which is not going to happen tomorrow they would want to destroy us or do harm，” said Charlie Ortiz, head of AI at the Burlington. “Lots of work needs to be done before computers are anywhere near that level，” he said.語篇解讀：人工智能對人類來說是好還是壞？不同的專家提出不同的觀點(diǎn)：人工智能可能意味著人類的終結(jié)；人工智能未必會毀滅或傷害人類。12The underlined part “the singularity” in the second paragraph refers to _.Aa point in the historyBthe machine intelligence will go beyond human intelligenceCcomputing processing power doubles every two yearsDthe power of technology will double by 2045解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“Inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil refers to a point in time known as the singularity，when machine intelligence beats human intelligence.”可知，singularity指的是時間(物理學(xué)意義上)的一個點(diǎn)，在這個點(diǎn)上，機(jī)器智能會擊敗人類智能。故選B項(xiàng)。13Experts like Hawking worry that _.Aartificial intelligence is approaching in the near futureBartificial intelligence is bound to arise in the near futureChuman beings are not prepared for the coming of AIDhuman beings are the biggest existential threat to AI解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Nevertheless, a number of prominent science and technology experts have expressed worry that human beings are not doing enough to prepare for the rise of artificial general intelli gence, if and when it does occur.”可知，許多享有聲望的專家，包括霍金，表達(dá)了他們的擔(dān)憂：人類并未準(zhǔn)備好應(yīng)對人工智能的崛起。因此選C項(xiàng)。14What is the Charlie Ortizs attitude toward AIs threat?ACritical. BTolerant.CDoubtful. DApproving.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段查利說的話“I dont see any reason to think that as machines become more intelligent . they would want to destroy us or do harm”可知，查利的觀點(diǎn)是：沒有理由認(rèn)為，當(dāng)機(jī)器變得更加智能時，它們就會毀滅或傷害人類。因此，查利對人工智能會對人類造成潛在威脅是持懷疑態(tài)度的。故選C項(xiàng)。15What is the best title of the passage?AAI, Friend or Competitor?BAI, Friendly or Frightening?CAI VS. Human Beings!DAI, Frightening or Worrying?解析：選B標(biāo)題歸納題。通過文中不同專家對于人工智能的態(tài)度可知，有些人擔(dān)憂人工智能會對人類造成潛在的威脅，而有些人卻比較樂觀。因此，B項(xiàng)作為文章標(biāo)題最佳。 .閱讀七選五(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Livestock (牲畜) cloning is the practice of cloning sheep, cattle and other livestock species as a way to improve efficiency.The basic idea behind livestock cloning is to clone animals that have certain qualities, such as cows that produce more milk or meat._16_ However, this practice is very controversial, and livestock farmers have been hesitant to adopt it fully because of public opposition and certain inefficiencies.In technical terms, livestock are cloned by taking cells from one animal and using them to fertilize eggs (使卵子受精). Scientists take the fertilized eggs and put them in female animals._17_ Many animals are born with abnormal shapes.Scientists are looking for ways to improve the process and make it less expensive to adopt on a wider scale._18_For example, if farmers were able to take only their very best animals and recreate them many times, they could potentially be more productive.There are also some potential problems with cloned livestock._19_ For example, when a disease hits, there are usually individuals who cannot be harmed by the disease or are more resistant, and they will generally survive. If all the animals were genetically (在基因方面) identical or similar, this sort of disease could totally destroy an entire generation of livestock, leaving the world with a massive food shortage.In addition to concerns about genetic diversity，there are other concerns about cloning._20_There are also some people who worry that livestock cloning research may be a gateway to introducing human cloning, which is widely disapproved of.AAre the surviving clones really clones?BTherefore, the new species is expected to be better.CThe biggest one arises from a reduction in genetic diversity.DCloned livestock have the potential to provide some major benefits.ECloning animals shows us what might happen if we try to clone humans.FThese concerns sometimes come from worries over unforeseen consequences.GThis process doesnt always work perfectly, and it can be relatively expensive.16解析：選B根據(jù)上一句內(nèi)容可知，如果能克隆出生產(chǎn)更多奶和肉的牛，那么“這個新品種應(yīng)該是更好”。17解析：選G根據(jù)本空后的“Many animals are born with abnormal shapes .make it less expensive”可知，目前克隆的“過程不總是完美，而且價(jià)格相對比較昂貴”。18解析：選D根據(jù)本空后的內(nèi)容不難看出，這里是介紹克隆牲畜的“好處”。19解析：選C根據(jù)本空后內(nèi)容可知，克隆技術(shù)會減少“基因多樣性”，所以當(dāng)擁有同樣基因的動物遭受某種致命疾病時，所有的這些動物都會死亡。下段首句中的“genetic diversity”也提示了本題答案。20解析：選F本空前的concerns提示了本題答案。.完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。A pair of wild geeseOne morning in early fall, I noticed a pair of wild geese on our pond. The beautiful sight caught me by surprise, because wed never seen geese there before.I thought they would soon be on their way, so I seized the opportunity to be _21_ to these graceful creatures. As the days passed, my _22_ about why they were staying so long at the pond changed to _23_. It wouldnt be long before the _24_ Michigan winter came and the pond _25_ over.One day as they were _26_ in the grass near the driveway, I discovered the reason for their _27_ the male had a broken left wing. He was unable to _28_， and his lifelong mate would not leave him behind. I was amazed at the _29_ between them. I asked a wildlife biologist friend what I should do. He explained that sometimes a broken wing would _30_ by itself and suggested letting them alone.On the first day of November, I was working near the geese with my tractor. _31_ I bent to fasten a chain, I noticed both geese running toward the pond, wings beating _32_. They looked like a couple of planes moving for takeoff. _33_， both were in the air and flew over the pond freely. The geese then _34_ back toward me, flying about 50 feet over my _35_ as if to say goodbye. Then they were out of _36_.The seasons first snowflakes fell the very next day. The birds must have _37_ that winter was coming, and it was time to go. I grew _38_ of them during their stay at our pond, and I _39_ them. I would never forget their _40_ to each other. We could all learn a lesson or two from this pair.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者看到一對野雁中雄雁的翅膀受傷，雌雁不離不棄，它們互相照顧，直到能夠重新翱翔的故事。21A.kindBcloseChelpful Dfamiliar解析：選B結(jié)合第一段的“The beautiful sight caught me by surprise, because wed never seen geese there before.”可知，作者從來沒有見過大雁，因此作者這次可以接近它們，好好地看看它們。22A.anxiety BcomplaintChesitation Dcuriosity解析：選D根據(jù)第一段中的“because wed never seen geese there before”可知，作者從來沒有見過大雁，因此這次看到大雁，對于它們具有很強(qiáng)的好奇心。23A.ignore BbotherCconcern Dtolerate解析：選C結(jié)合后面的一句話可知，冬天要來了，因此作者原先對大雁的好奇，變成了對它們的關(guān)心。24A.rough BsunnyCdry Dcomfortable解析：選A根據(jù)后面的“Michigan winter came”和文章的倒數(shù)第二段的“The seasons first snowflakes”可知，此處表示密歇根州