英漢互譯常用技巧之簡譯法陳霞賓艷芳李暉.ppt

英漢互譯常用技巧之 簡譯法 陳霞 賓艷芳 李暉,減譯法又叫簡詞譯法、省略法，所謂“省略”并不是把原文的意義刪去，而是省略一些可有可無的，或者有了反而顯得累贅甚至違背譯文語言習(xí)慣的詞，而不是把原文的某些思想內(nèi)容刪去。,（一）代詞的省略,A省略作主語的代詞 EXAMPLES： 1）Thats the way I am ,and try as I might ,I havent been able to change it. 但我就是這個(gè)脾氣，雖然幾經(jīng)努力，卻未能改變過來。,2）All the fellow gathered around ,stretching their necks like ducks. 所有的人聚攏過來，像鵝一樣伸長脖子。 3）He covered his eye with his hands . 他用雙手捂住了眼睛。,B在英語句子中，泛指的人稱代詞常常不譯出來,EXAMPLES: 1）When will he arrive？You can never tell . 他什么時(shí)候到？說不準(zhǔn)。 2）If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their leader. 打蛇先打頭，擒賊先擒王。,3）The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attains. 人生的意義不在于已獲取的，而在于渴望獲得什么樣的東西。 4）What one knows is ,in youth ,of little moment; they know enough who know how to learn. 一個(gè)人年輕時(shí)懂得什么不大重要，重要的是懂得如何學(xué)習(xí)。,C作賓語的代詞往往也可省略,EXAMPLES: 1）The following letter will explain itself and needs no apology. 下面的話一看就明白，用不著道歉。 2）She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if to thank him for it. 她輕輕地把手放在他的胳膊上，好像表示感謝。,D省略物主代詞,EXAMPLES: 1）Her dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead ,her face was short ,her upper lip short ,showing a glint of teeth ,her brows were straight and dark ,her lashes long and dark ,her nose straight. 她的黑發(fā)蓬松地飄拂在寬寬的前額上，臉是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排亮亮的牙齒，眉毛又黑又直，鼻子筆挺。,2）In order to survive ,to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature. 為了生存，為了自己和子孫后代的衣食住行，人類和大自然進(jìn)行著斗爭。,2省略非人稱或無意義的代詞it,“it”也起著代詞的作用，當(dāng)它被用作非人稱或沒有意義的時(shí)候，往往可以省略。 A 非人稱的it EXAMPLES: 1）Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面漆黑一團(tuán)，下著瓢潑大雨。 2）A well-known characteristic of light is that it travels in a straight lines. 光的一個(gè)人盡皆知的特點(diǎn)是直線傳播。,無意義的it,1 It was very easy for him to pour the whole bottle of wine into his throat. 將整瓶酒倒進(jìn)喉嚨對(duì)他來說就是小菜一碟。 2 It is better to do well than to say well. 說的好不如做的好。 3 It is only shallow people who judge by appearance. 只有淺薄的人才會(huì)以貌取人。,省略連詞,A省略并列連詞and和or 1 Mr.Bingley was good-looking and gentleman-like. 賓利先生相貌英俊，彬彬有禮。 2 Men and women ,old and young,all joinde in the battle. 男女老少都參加了戰(zhàn)斗,B 省略從屬連詞,1 We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin. 我們看見了一只更鳥，知道春天快要到了。（表示原因） 2 If you dont go there tomorrow ,they will get angry 你明天不去，他們會(huì)生氣的。,省略介詞,表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的介詞短語在被翻譯成漢語的時(shí)候，如果能夠放在句首，介詞往往可以省略；如果只能放在句末，就不能省略。 1 On sundays we have no school. 周末我們不上學(xué)。 2 Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共場所禁止吸煙。,3 She hid behind the door . 她藏在門后（behind不能省略） 4 His brother stood by the window. 他弟弟站在窗邊（by不能省略）,謂語的省略,英語的謂語必須是動(dòng)詞，而漢語的謂語卻可以是形容詞或其他詞性，故英語中的動(dòng)詞特別是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞可以省略不譯。 1 These developing countries cover vast territories,encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. 這些發(fā)展中國家土地遼闊，人口眾多，資源豐富。 2 When the pressure gets low,the boiling-point becomes low. 壓力低，沸點(diǎn)就低。,（二）從修辭角度考慮的省略 1 省略漢語中不言而喻或可有可無的字,1 There was no snow,the leaves were gone from the trees,the grass was dead. 沒有下雪，但葉落草枯。 2 Could you help me in any way? 你能幫幫我嗎?,2 英文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的短語譯成漢語時(shí)可適當(dāng)省略,1 University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not . 報(bào)考大學(xué)的人，有工作的優(yōu)先錄取。 2 She curtseyed again,and would have blushed deeper,if she could have blushed deeper than she has blushed all the time. 她又行了個(gè)屈膝禮，由于她的臉一直漲的通紅，所以現(xiàn)在不可能漲的更紅了。,3 同義詞，近義詞或意義重復(fù)的詞，翻譯時(shí)可適當(dāng)省略,1 He was safe and sound. 他平安無恙。 2 Bacteria capable of causing disease are known