語法填空考點解讀與技巧.ppt

語法填空考點解讀 與解題技巧,根據(jù)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或考試說明所列語法項目，結(jié)合語法填空題的特點，以及近幾年高考涉及的語法內(nèi)容，我們歸納出語法填空的必考考點和?？伎键c進(jìn)行解讀，并對解題技巧給予點撥。,考點1：冠詞 考點解讀 在近幾年高考中有兩年是考查不定冠詞的最基本的用法，即表示“一個(次/本/座/)”。因此，不定冠詞的基本用法無疑是復(fù)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練的重點。不定冠詞的復(fù)習(xí)重點還有表示某類人或事物中的“任何一個”，表示不確定的“某一個，有一個”，表示“每一”等。定冠詞的復(fù)習(xí)重點有：表示特指，意為“這，這些，那，那些”的用法；用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級前；在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。,解題技巧 下列情況很可能填不定冠詞： (1)_+可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))； (2)_+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))。,下列情況下很可能填定冠詞： (1)_ (+定語)+名詞+ of等介詞短語(表示特指)； (2)_ (+定語)+名詞+定語從句(表示特指)； (3)_ (+定語)+名詞+不定式短語或分詞短語(表示特指)。,考題例析 例1It was mid-afternoon and I had been listening to the radio and reading 31 book. 解析：在“_+可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))”結(jié)構(gòu)中，可能填冠詞；表示泛指的“一本”書，用不定冠詞；輔音前面用a。,例2When it was time to leave, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of 39 few words I had learned. 解析：在“_ (+定語)+名詞+定語從句(表示特指)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，應(yīng)填定冠詞the，意為“使用我學(xué)到的那幾句話中的一些話”。,考點2：介詞 解點解讀 在近幾年高考中介詞是必考考點，且每年均有兩道題，是語法填空的一個重要考點。考查的重點是簡單介詞的基本用法，如after表示“在之后”，behind表示“在的背后”來，as表示“當(dāng)作，作為”等；同時，也考查固搭配中的介詞，如reward sb for sth(因而酬謝/報答某人)中的for，at table(在吃飯)中的at，on sale(在出售)中的on等。 解題技巧 當(dāng)“_(+限定詞)+名詞”或“_+代詞”在句中不充當(dāng)主語或賓語時，該空格通常應(yīng)填介詞。此外，填介詞時，除了考慮與其后名詞的搭配外，也要考慮與前面的動詞、形容詞的搭配。,考題例析 例3 Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful，I applied，fearing as I did so，that 33 a degree and with no experience of teaching my chances of getting the job were slim 解析：因“ 33 a degree”在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中不是作主語或賓語，故填介詞；據(jù)my chanceswere slim(機(jī)會甚微)可知，此處是表示“沒有”學(xué)位，故填without。,翻譯: 因為缺錢和想做些有意義的事，我申請了，我這樣做的同時，也害怕在教學(xué)上沒有學(xué)歷和經(jīng)驗，我得到工作的機(jī)率會很小。,例4One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country. He wanted to show his son how the poor lived so he could be thankful 31 his wealth. 解析：因“ 31 his wealth”在句中不作主語或賓語，故填介詞；又根據(jù)搭配be thankful for (對感激)可知，填for。,考點3：代詞 解點解讀 代詞是語法填空的一個重要考點，不但每年必考，而且每年都有兩個小題。近年來主要考查了人稱代詞的賓語、形容詞性物主代詞、it的用法和不定代詞。備考中，要弄清人稱代詞格的區(qū)別，搞懂物主代詞形容詞性和名詞性的不同用法，掌握主要的不定代詞的用法，還要注意復(fù)習(xí)反身代詞和疑問代詞的用法。,解題技巧 因句子的主語或賓語主要由名詞、代詞、動名詞或不定式等充當(dāng)，而名詞、動名詞或不定式等實詞通常會放在有提示詞的空格中考查，所以純空格所填詞作句子作主語或賓語時，通常填代詞，包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞性物主代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞(不能作主語)等。在名詞前作定語就只能用形容詞性物主代詞了。,考題例析 例5A real trial（考驗） began when I stood on the platform with my legs trembling and my mind blank. Gradually I found 37 back, giving out my speech with difficulty. 解析：句中found缺賓語，故填代詞；由語境可知，是指作者“找回自己”，即漸漸地“恢復(fù)正?！?，故填myself。,例6It has been said before, but experiencing it myself has made _31_ want to say it again: a smile can cross all language barriers. 解析：句中has made缺賓語，可知要填代詞；又由experiencing it myself可知，應(yīng)填me，大意為“我自己的經(jīng)歷使我想再說一遍”。,考點4：連接詞 考點解讀 此處的連接詞包括：各類從句的“引導(dǎo)詞”，如引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞、連接副詞、連詞(whether, if, that)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞；連接并列的單詞、短語或句子的并列連詞。 連接詞是高考語填空的必考內(nèi)容，且每年考查兩個小題。近幾年來考查了引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接代詞who、引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that、引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞where(三年考了兩年)、表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞but。名詞性從句、定語從句、和表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but仍是復(fù)習(xí)的重點，但對狀語從句連接詞的考查也不容忽視。,解題技巧 (1)連接兩個功能對等的單詞或短語時，應(yīng)填并列連詞and, or, but等。 (2)若兩個句子(有兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間，沒有句號或分號，也沒有連詞，那空格處必定是填連接詞，否則，句子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整。 根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，確定是并列句(多要求考生填and, but, while, when, or等)還是某種主從復(fù)合句。然后根據(jù)各類從句的特點，結(jié)合連接詞的意義和用法，確定填具體的某個連詞。,考題例析 例7They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of _32_ would be considered a poor family. 解析：因They spent和_32_ would be considered是兩個主謂關(guān)系，即兩個句子，之間沒有連詞、句號或分號，此空一定是填連接詞；又因would be considered前顯然缺少主語，而介詞(of)的從句是賓語從句，所以要填的詞是引導(dǎo)賓語從句且在從句中作主語的連接代詞what。,例8 In Japan, for example, it is normal for the woman to send chocolates to the man, _37_ in Korea April 14th is known as “Black Day” (佛山二模) 解析：it is normal與April 14th is known as是兩個句子，之間沒有分號、句號或連詞，可見此空一定是填連接詞；由語境可知，是In Japan和in Korea兩地過情人節(jié)的情況對比，故填表示“即，而”的并列連詞while。,考點5：動詞 考點解讀 在語法填空中對動詞的考查，通常將動詞放在括號中，要求考生用其正確形式填空。主要考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和非謂語動詞，有時也要求考生根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要將動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成其他詞性。 近幾年來，每年至少有兩道題考查動詞。時態(tài)只考查了一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時兩種時態(tài)，語態(tài)只考查了一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，非謂語動詞考查了過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)和不定式作狀語。備考中，除重視已考查的內(nèi)容外，還要重點關(guān)注一般將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時等，一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時的被動語態(tài)，動詞-ing形式等。,解題技巧 (1)如果一個句子沒有謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但所填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時，就是填謂語動詞，這時就要根據(jù)語境考慮時態(tài)和語態(tài)。 (2)如果一個句子已有謂語動詞，且不是并列謂語動詞時，所給動詞要用非謂語形式，這時要根據(jù)句子所缺句子成分和非謂語動詞各自的用法特點，選擇動詞-ing形式、過去分詞或不定式。 (3)有時根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要還要考慮詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。,考題例析 例9 On their return the father asked his son to explain what he had learnt. The boy, who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home, 34 (reply) in a way that shocked his father. The boy said he wanted to become a farmer. 解析：本句主語the boy后面是起補(bǔ)充說明作用的非限制性定語從句，reply應(yīng)為謂語動詞，主語和謂語被定語從句分隔了，要注意辨別；由上下句謂語動詞的時態(tài)可知，此處的reply應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填replied。,例10 Her mother was excited“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _40_(inform). 解析：句中無謂語，inform應(yīng)為謂語動詞；又因Jane與inform是被動關(guān)系，即“Jane被告知”，所以用被動語態(tài)；由上句謂語動詞was可知，用一般過去時；故inform應(yīng)為一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，填was informed。,例11 I sometimes order products or service online to save money and time instead of going to a store and _35_(buy)what Im looking for 例12 But Jane knew from past experience that her _36_ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 解析：在形容詞性物主代詞后一定是用名詞形式，故填choice。,解析：與going并列作介詞短語instead of的賓語，所以用動詞ing形式buying。,考點6：it的用法 考點解讀 it的用法是語法填空的重要考點，復(fù)習(xí)it的用法，主要包括it作形式主語和形式賓語，it替代前文的內(nèi)容。 解題技巧 (1)根據(jù)本句句意和空格前一句的內(nèi)容及其兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系，判斷空格處是不是需要填代替前文某個內(nèi)容的代詞it。 (2)根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是不是填作形式主語或形式賓語的it。 it is adj. /n. +to do /doing /that find /feel /think /consider it +adj. /n. +to do /doing /that,考題例析 例13Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult _31_ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 解析：句中remembered后是賓語從句，賓語從句的真正主語是to choose，空格處應(yīng)為形式主語，故填it。,例14 It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about_34_day and night. 解析：由語境可知，要求我們填的詞是代替前文中的(how) to help his crop grow up quickly，替代前文的內(nèi)容，用代詞it。,例15 I took a different view. I did not get any help from anybody. I think 40 good to have a balance of viewpoints. 解析：句中不定式短語to have a balance of viewpoints做真正的主語，空格處應(yīng)為形式賓語，故填it。,考點7：形容詞或副詞的比較等級 考點解讀 形容詞或副詞的比較等級雖不是語法填空的必考考點，但也是?？键c。復(fù)習(xí)的重點是比較級和最高級的基本用法和特殊句式，以前在形容詞或副詞前填less, least等構(gòu)成的降級比較。 解題技巧 一般說來，有表示范圍的in /of介詞短語，一般要用最高級；than的前面一定要用比較級，但在特定語境中，“than+比較對象”和在最后級中表示比較范圍的of /in短語常常被省略，此時我們要注意辨別這種隱性的比較級和最高級。,考題例析 例16 One day, he came up with an idea that he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” _38_ (high). 解析：由語境可知，指比他plucking up all of his crop a few inches之前“長”得更高了，這是省略了than before的隱性的比較級，故填higher。,例17 Fine snow covered the yard, dusted the top of my truck and whitened the road. But that wasnt the 32 (bad) part. All the rain from yesterday had frozen solidcoating the needles on the trees in fantastic patterns, and making the driveway very slippery. 解析：根據(jù)下文可知，那不是“最糟糕的”，故填worst。,例18 We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words. When it was time to leave, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of the few words I had learned. I felt _40_ (lonely) than I had expected that night. 解析：由than可知，空格處的形容詞要用比較級；又由上文We were both laughing the whole time可知，作者那晚沒有原來預(yù)想的那樣感到孤獨，故填less lonely。注意，不要一見than就填more lonely，造成前后語境意義不一致的錯誤。,考點8：詞類轉(zhuǎn)換 考點解讀 這是語法填空的必考考點，近幾年來每年考一個小題。分別考查了形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞，名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞和動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞。,解題技巧 根據(jù)該詞在句中所作句子成分來確定用哪種形式。具體方法有： (1)作表語、定語或補(bǔ)語，通常用形容詞形式； (2)作主語、在及物動詞或介詞后賓語，用名詞形式； (3)在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞后，或者“冠詞+形容詞”后，用名詞形式； (4)修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞作狀語，用副詞形式； (5)還有可能是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，詞類不用變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un, im等，在詞根后加less等。,考題例析 例19Some things looked as if they had not been cared for for a long time, but I knew their _34_ (beautify) was still there beneath their own surface. 解析：在賓語從句中作主語，要用名詞，故填beauty。,例20Valentines Day is the time of the year when couples show their love for each other by sending cards, flowers and chocolates. Its origins are 31 (clear) and hidden in the river of time. Nobody knows exactly who St. Valentine was 解析：在be后面作表語，應(yīng)用形容詞；由與之并列的hidden和后文Nobody knows可知，情人節(jié)的起源不是很清楚，故填unclear。,例21The boy finished by saying, “Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is _39_ (true) rich.” With this, the boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally _40_ (speech).,解析：第39空，修飾形容詞rich作狀語，用副詞，故填truly。第40空，根據(jù)上文，一個富人為了讓兒子對自己財富的“感激”，帶著他的兒子體驗農(nóng)民的生活，結(jié)果兒子想做農(nóng)民，這事與愿違的結(jié)果令父親“無語”，故填speechless。,考點9：倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)、情態(tài)動詞等 考點解讀 倒裝與強(qiáng)調(diào)在近近幾年高考中雖還沒有考查，但倒裝句中的助動詞和強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞的助動詞(do, does, did)，以及情態(tài)動詞、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的it和that等都是適合