初中定語(yǔ)從句詳解及練習(xí)附答案.doc

.定語(yǔ)從句詳解及練習(xí)附答案第一部分:基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)（一）定語(yǔ)從句概述定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，不定式，介詞短語(yǔ)來充當(dāng)。如果是一個(gè)句子擔(dān)任定語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)句子就叫做定語(yǔ)從句，又可稱為形容詞性從句。定語(yǔ)從句通常修飾某一名詞或代詞，被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的這一名詞或代詞叫先行詞，它位于定語(yǔ)從句之前，定語(yǔ)從句在先行詞后面，應(yīng)盡量緊跟先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句的作用即在于對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行限定說明或補(bǔ)充說明。（二）定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為兩類，關(guān)系代詞（that, which, who, whom, whose ）和關(guān)系副詞（ when, where, why ），引導(dǎo)詞在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，既起連接作用，即連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句，更重要的是，它又在定語(yǔ)從句中作一個(gè)成分。（三）關(guān)系代詞1. that 指人，物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。 This is the photo that I took in the country. He is the singer that I met yesterday.2. which 指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，在非限定定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，或者代替前句The film which we saw last night was moving.3. who 指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)。The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster.The man who you just talked to is Tom.4. whom 指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。 That is the professor whom you want to know.5. whose 指人，物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于先行詞+ s, 后接一名詞。 I know the boy whose parents are dead. I dont like those cities whose roads are dirty.注：關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。（四）關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)相當(dāng)于介詞+which，其中which指代先行詞不可以指示整個(gè)句子。when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于at/ on/ in/ during which.Ill never forget the day when (on which ) I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain.where 指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于at/ in / to/ which.This is the school where( at which ) I studied.why 指原因，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于for which.Thats the real reason why (for which ) he was late.第二部分：關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法 關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí), 用that而不用which的情況:1 . 先行詞為something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot , none , few 等不定代詞時(shí)。Eg: My mother was so proud of all that I didt2 . 先行詞有the last , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等修飾時(shí)。e.g. This is the very book that Im looking for .3 . 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)(或所修飾)時(shí)。 e.g. This is the most exciting film that Ive ever seen . When people talk about Hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake .4 . the same 修飾先行詞時(shí) , 定語(yǔ)從句要用that 或as引導(dǎo) , 但意義不同。 e.g. This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday . (表示相同但并非同一) This is the same knife that I used yesterday . (表示就是那個(gè))6 . There be 后面的定語(yǔ)從句多用that引導(dǎo) , 不用which 。 e.g. Theres a seat in the corner that is still free . 7 . 句子前面出現(xiàn)了who , which 時(shí) , 后面的定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。 e.g. They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before . Who is the man that you were talking about just now ?8 . 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句作表語(yǔ)時(shí), 常用that , 而不用which 、who 。e.g. My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago . Tom isnt the man that he used to be9. 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí), 只能用that。 e.g. Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday(二) 關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí), 有時(shí)只用who ,而不用that。1 . 先行詞為指人的代詞one , those , the man,以及人稱代詞如he等。 e.g. Those who are often late for school should be punished . He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man .2 . 先行詞為someone (somebody), no one (nobody), anyone (anybody), everyone (everybody) 。 e.g. Anyone who would like to attend the party should come on time .3 . 先行詞指人時(shí), 如有序數(shù)詞, 最高級(jí), the very , the only ,the last等修飾 , 定語(yǔ) 從句既可用that也可用who引導(dǎo)。 e.g. He is the first student who / that worked out the problem .(三) 關(guān)系代詞whose的用法：1 . whose 在從句中作定語(yǔ) ，表示“先行詞的” ，既可指人，也可指物。 e.g. John is my best friend , whose father is a scientist . The old man lived in the house whose window was broken . The boss , in whose company my father worked , was very friendly to the workers .2 . whose 可以轉(zhuǎn)換為of which（物）和of whom（人） 。 e.g. 1) The dictionary whose cover is missing is mine . ( 劃線部分可改為the cover of which或of which the cover ) 2) They also invited Mr Wang , whose car was stolen last Sunday . ( 劃線部分可改為 the car of whom 或 of whom the car )(四) which的特殊用法：1. 關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 , 有時(shí)不是修飾某個(gè)先行詞 , 而是指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容 。特別注意，非限定定語(yǔ)從句中prep+which 時(shí)，which 只能指代先行詞，不可以指代句子。 e.g. 1) In China , you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face and hands , which , however , is not the custom in western countries .Helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry . 2 . which 有時(shí)可在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ) , 含義上相當(dāng)于指示代詞this / that 。 e.g. 1) He stayed in England for 5 years , during which time he learned English well . 2) It may rain hard tomorrow , in which case I wont go fishing . 注意 ：which的這種用法與whose 作定語(yǔ)不同 。whose 表示“ 先行詞的 ”。 e.g. Theyre talking about a film , whose name I have forgotten . 3 . 以介詞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí) , 可借關(guān)系代詞which把介詞前置。 e.g. 1) Tomorrow would be Christmas Day , and she had only $ 1.87 with which to buyJim a present . 32 Those poor people had no houses to live in / in which to live . 注：如果先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞用whom 。 e.g. I want to find a person to travel to England with / with whom to travel to England .(五) 關(guān)系代詞as的用法：1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句：當(dāng)先行詞有such , so , the same等修飾時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞要用as ； as在從句中可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。e.g. 1) . I have never seen such a kind girl as she is . 2) . He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) as every student respects . 比較：He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) that every student respects him . ( 此句為such / so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 ) 3) . Such a student as often studies hard is sure to pass this exam . 4) . He bought the same bike as I did last week . 區(qū)別 that I did last week 2. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：as不修飾某個(gè)先行詞，而是指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容 ，可譯為“這一點(diǎn)，此事；正如” ，或不譯。這種從句可位于句首、句中或句尾 。常見于as we all know , as has been said above ，as is usual ，as is often the case , as everybody can see , as is known to us all等結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g. 1) . He has passed the exam , as is a pleasure to us . 2) . As we all know , the earth moves around the sun . 3) . This experiment , as you had expected , succeeded at last .3. 如前所述 , which也可引導(dǎo)這種從句 , 兩者?？苫Q。(非限定性定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)句末且指代前面的主句) e.g. 1）. Those two students are wearing the same clothes , which / as is very interesting . 2）. They came to the party on time , as / which had been expected . 但在以下兩種情況下有區(qū)別 ： 1) . as從句可位于句首(或主句前) , 而which從句只能在主句后。 e.g. _ is often the case , we have worked out the production plan . A . Which B . When C . What D . As 2) . 關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 如果從句的謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu), 則只能用which 。 e.g. His father died in a traffic accident , which made us greatly surprised . 3）當(dāng)which 在從句中指代的事先行詞而不是主句，只能用which e.g. The car, which we saw on the playground, is Mikes.第四部分：關(guān)系副詞的特殊用法關(guān)系副詞when , where , why的用法：1. 關(guān)系代詞 (which / that) 與關(guān)系副詞 (when, where, why) 的選取方法：當(dāng)先行詞是定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選用關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞，并代替先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如果先行詞不是定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ), 先行詞前面需要加上一個(gè)介詞才能在從句中作成分的時(shí)候, 選用關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為“介詞 + which”。 e.g. 1) Do you remember the day which / that we spent in the mountain village ?Do you remember the day when (= on which ) we visited the mountain village ? 2) This is the factory which / that we visited last year . This is the factory where (= in which ) he worked last year . 3) We dont believe the reason which / that he gave for his coming late . We dont know the reason why (= for which ) he has changed his mind . 2. 關(guān)系副詞where的從句還可以修飾point，situation，case，activity , scene , stage等地點(diǎn)意味不明顯的先行詞。關(guān)系副詞when的從句可以修飾occasion , stay等時(shí)間意味不明顯的先行詞。關(guān)系副詞why只修飾reason 這一個(gè)先行詞。 e.g. 1) Now you can see weve come to the point where a change is badly needed . 2) Today well discuss some cases where beginners of English fail to use it properly . 3) There are few occasions when my students cant understand what I teach in class . 3. when和where 在少數(shù)情況下可作介詞賓語(yǔ)。 e.g. 1) . The naughty boy was hidden behind the door , from where he saw his mother walking into the house . （ where 指代behind the door 。不能換為which ，因?yàn)閣hich只能指代the door ） 2) . They went to American three years ago ，since when they have lived there . ( when指代three years ago 。不能換為which ，因?yàn)閣hich只能指代three years =and since then)(二) that在有些句型中可視為關(guān)系副詞： 1 . way后面的定語(yǔ)從句常用that或in which引導(dǎo) , 但可省略。 e.g. I dont like the way ( that / in which ) you speak to your parents . The way ( in which / that ) he worked on the problem was wrong . 注： 如果way在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ), 應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞which / that。 e.g. He explained the problem in a way that / which everyone could accept . 2 . It is ( about , high ) time that (正)是 的時(shí)候了。 that從句中常用一般過去時(shí), that在口語(yǔ)中可省略。 e.g. It was high time that we stopped pollution . It is time that you had lunch now . 比較：There was a time when ( during which ) we were short of oil . 3 . This is the first ( second , last ) time that ( 從句中常用完成時(shí)態(tài) ) e.g. This is / will be the last time that I have come to China . It was the first time that he had been invited to China .第五部分：定語(yǔ)從句有關(guān)要注意的問題 (一) 關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),要注意從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 1 . 先行詞只有one of 修飾時(shí) , 從句謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 e.g. He is one of the students in our class who have been to Hainan . This is one of the best books that were written by the writer . 2 . one of 前有the , the only ，the very ，the first時(shí) , 從句謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 e.g. Tom is the only / very one of the boys who knows the truth .(二) 定語(yǔ)從句的隔離現(xiàn)象： 1 . 定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間有時(shí)會(huì)被狀語(yǔ), 定語(yǔ)或者其他成分隔開, 要注意找準(zhǔn)先行詞。e.g. The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that village . Is there a restaurant around where we can have lunch ? ( around adv. 在周圍 )The days are gone when we used foreign oil . (主句謂語(yǔ)較短, 隔開先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句)2 . 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的后面有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)插入語(yǔ)。 e.g. 1) He is the man who I think is fit for the job . 2) - Is that the small town you often refer to ? - Right , just the one _ you know I used to work for years . A . that B . which C . where D . what (三) 定語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)會(huì)使用倒裝語(yǔ)序：e.g. Three days later , we found an old house , in front of which stood a big tree . Finally they climbed up the mountain , above which appeared a beautiful rainbow . (四) 注意區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句和其他從句： 1 . 區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。(最明顯的區(qū)別是定語(yǔ)從句一定有先行詞) e.g. After the war , a new school was put up where there had once been a theatre . (狀語(yǔ)從句) A new school was put up at the place where there had once been a theatre . (定語(yǔ)從句) 2 . 區(qū)別“介詞+which”的定語(yǔ)從句和“介詞+what”的賓語(yǔ)從句。 e.g. 1) This is the company in which he worked three years ago . ( which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 ) 2) A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago . ( what賓語(yǔ)從句) A . what B . which C . that D . where 3 . 區(qū)別that的定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。 e.g. The news that he won the match made us excited . ( 同位語(yǔ)從句 ) The news ( that ) he told us made us very excited . ( 定語(yǔ)從句 ) 同位語(yǔ)從句中that不作句子成分, 但不能省略，去掉that從句仍然完整。定語(yǔ)從句中that是關(guān)系代詞，可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。 幾個(gè)習(xí)題1. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _ I will always treasure .A . that B . it C . one D . what此時(shí)，one 是分句的先行詞，同時(shí)one 是 moment 的同位語(yǔ)2. The book was written in 1946 , _ the education system has witnessed great changes . A . when B . during which C . since then D . since when此時(shí)when 相當(dāng)于 in 1946 , 最簡(jiǎn)單的說法就是 and since then , and since the / this that = which定語(yǔ)從句易錯(cuò)分析之所以在經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)，主要是對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的理解不夠深刻，分辨不出主句和從句，對(duì)句子成分的把握也不到位，搞不清關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)何種句子成分。所以要做好這一類題，要首先弄清關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法，而且應(yīng)善于分辨和分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及其相應(yīng)成分，這樣才能對(duì)癥下藥，快速準(zhǔn)確地找到瓿之所在定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題及配套參考答案共50題1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3. This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5. That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6. The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14.Im interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isnt such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I dont like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened?- Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; whatC. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is_ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 參考答案及解析1. A. which用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。2C. 和誰(shuí)講話”要說speak to sb. 本題全句應(yīng)為Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。3. D. where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。4. C. when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。5A. which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語(yǔ)。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓語(yǔ)。6C. 解析同第5題。7. A. 解析見第3題。8. A. 本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則the one應(yīng)該視為先行詞。9. A. “談到某事物”應(yīng)說talk about sth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語(yǔ)，不能用that。10. A. with which是介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu),常用來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.with有用的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在從句中作狀語(yǔ).12. D. with whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.with whom放在從句中即為:my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)family的定語(yǔ).14. A. that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)橄刃性~是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可以作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ).在本句話中,as作從句的主語(yǔ).16. D. such as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可以作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ).在本題中,as作表語(yǔ).17. B. as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。這時(shí)as所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞，而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。從句可放在主句后，也可置于