中考語法 不定代詞教案+練習(xí).doc

龍文教育-您值得信賴的專業(yè)化個性化輔導(dǎo)學(xué)校 龍文教育學(xué)科導(dǎo)學(xué)案ggggggggggggangganggang綱學(xué) 生教 師日 期年 級學(xué) 科時 段課 題學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)與考點(diǎn)分析學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)難 點(diǎn)教學(xué)方法一 講解 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語。現(xiàn)將幾個常用的不定代詞舉例說明如下：1. some與any的區(qū)別1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? 3）any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend you some. 注意：與some, any結(jié)合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。復(fù)合不定代詞：something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它們在句中可用作主語、賓語或表語，但不能用作定語。 含-body和-one的復(fù)合代詞只用來指人，在功能和意義上完全相同，可以互換。只是用-body時顯得較通俗些，多用于口語中，用-one時顯得較文雅些，更常見于正式場合及書面語中1. 復(fù)合不定代詞受定語或不定式修飾時，定語或不定式應(yīng)放在它們后面。There is nothing wrong with the radio. 這收音機(jī)沒有毛病。 Havent you got anything to do? 你無事可干嗎？ 2指人的復(fù)合不定代詞若用作主語，其謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)，相應(yīng)的人稱代詞和物主代詞也用單數(shù) he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文體中常用復(fù)數(shù)代詞 they, them, their來避免由于性別的差異而引起的在代詞的運(yùn)用上具有的不確定性。 Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上無難事，只怕有心人。 3. anyone, everyone 等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of 短語。若是指物或后接 of 短語，可用 any one, every one (分開寫)。但no one（=nobody）“沒有人”，只用來指人，通常不和介詞of連用。 any one of the boys 孩子們當(dāng)中的任何一個 every one of the students 每一個學(xué)生回答who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時用no one；回答how many引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時用none。 -Who was late? -誰遲到了？ -No one.-誰也沒有遲到。 -How many cows do you keep? -你養(yǎng)幾頭牛？ -None. -一頭也沒養(yǎng)4. 除與-thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞外，都有所有格形式； Everybodys business is nobodys business. 大家的事情沒人管。當(dāng)其后有else時, “”要加在else后面That must be somebody elses coat. 那一定是別人的外衣。5.含some-和any-的復(fù)合不定代詞間的用法區(qū)別 由some-和any-所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞（即something和anything；someone和anyone；somebody和anybody）之間的區(qū)別跟some和any的區(qū)別一樣。 含any-的一般用于疑問句、否定句或條件句中，但表示“無論何事”時，可用于肯定句 。Do you have anything to say? 你有什么話要說嗎? I didnt meet anybody new at the party. 在那次聚會上我沒有碰到任何生人。John can do it, if anyone can. 如果有人能做此事，那就是約翰了。He will do anything for a quiet life. 只要能過上安寧的日子他什么都愿意做。含some-的一般用于肯定句，也用于表示請求邀請的疑問句或預(yù)計(jì)是肯定回答的疑問句 I have something to ask you. 我有事情要問你。Are you expecting someone this afternoon? 今天下午你是不是等什么人？6.復(fù)合不定代詞的否定“not every-”表示的是部分否定，意為“并非都，不都”。 Not everything will go well. 并非一切都會那么順利。 The teacher didnt call everyones name. 老師并沒有點(diǎn)所有人的名。 “not any-”和no-均表示全否定。 He listened, but heard nothing.他聽了聽，但什么也沒聽到。 = He listened, but didnt hear anything. You havent called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你沒給誰打過電話，是嗎？ = You have called no one/nobody up, have you? 1. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. A. everything B. anything C. somethingD. nothing【分析】答案選A。noteverything是否定，意為“我并非同意你講的一切”，與前一分句意思相符。而notanything=nothing與前一分句意思矛盾。2. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will _. A. anyoneB. anyone elseC. no one D. no one else【分析】答案選B。表示后者與前者“一樣不。表示后者與前者”，nor本身就是否定的，后面要用肯定的，排除C和D；又因?yàn)橛胑lse才可排除“I”，所以選B。7.復(fù)合不定代詞作名詞 someone/somebody, anyone/anybody的意義是“重要人物，大人物”，everyone/everybody意為“最重要的人”，no one/nobody則意指“無關(guān)緊要的人，小人物”。 His wife is now somebody in television. 他的妻子現(xiàn)在是電視界的大人物了。1. -Is_here? -No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybodyB. somebody C. everybodyD. nobody【分析】答案選C。由答語可知問的是“到齊了嗎？”所以用everybody。請比較：Is anybody here? 這里有人嗎？1. -One weeks time has been wasted. -I cant believe we did all that work for _. A. something B. nothingC. everything D. anything【分析】答案選B。for nothing是習(xí)語，意為“徒勞，沒有好結(jié)果”“免費(fèi)”。2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別1）用作形容詞： 含義用法表示肯定表示否定用于可數(shù)名詞a few雖少，但有幾個few不多，幾乎沒有用于不可數(shù)名詞a little，雖少，但有一點(diǎn)little不多，沒有什么 Im going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點(diǎn)，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修飾動詞sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級) She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別。用 法代名詞形容詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不定another另一個others別人，其他人another (boy)另一個（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一個the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一個男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩1）other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one. 2）other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成“the other”，表示兩個人或物中的“另一個”。常與one搭配構(gòu)成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other. 3）other作代詞用時，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some ., others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 4）“the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個”，還可以跟代詞one. You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one? 6）another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.4. every與each的區(qū)別。eachevery1)可單獨(dú)使用1)不可單獨(dú)使用2)可做代名詞、形容詞2)僅作形容詞3)著重“個別”3)著重“全體”，毫無例外4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一個人或物 The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour. 當(dāng)我們說each child, each student或each teacher時，我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說every child和every student時，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.5. all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。 All of us like Mr Pope. 我們都喜歡Pope先生。（作主語） = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語) All the water has been used up. (作主語) Thats all for today. (作表語) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語) All the leaders are here. (作定語) 2）both作代詞。與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents? Theyre both fine. 與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting. 單獨(dú)使用，表示“兩者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Both are clever. I dont know which book is the better, I shall read both. 3）both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates. . There are tall trees on both sides of the street.二 練習(xí)1. _ of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret. A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None2.We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us. A. all ; no B. any ; no C. none ; any D. no one ; any3.There is a tree on _ side of the street. A. every B. all C. either D. both4.There is a desk on _ side of the room. A. both B. either C. all D. every5. Which side can I sit on the boat? If you sit still, you can sit on _. A. every side B. all sides C. both sides D. either side6. It is said that _ of his parents have gone to Beijing. A. all B. every C. both D. either7.Some of the students are absent-minded, _ of them heard what the teacher said. A. all B. none C. every D. not all8. Is _ here? No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody9.These boys were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither10. Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? Im afraid _ day is possible. A. either B. neither C. some D. any11. If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay _5. A. another B. other C. more D. each12. Which of the two books do you want? I want _. Please show me _. A. none ; another B. all ; the other C. neither ; the other D. neither ; another13._ side of the street is lined with different shops,_ of which sell electronic products. A. Both ; both B. Either ; all C. Neither ; either D. Either ; both14. Do you need anything else? Yes, we still need _ aircraft. A. more two B. two more C. other two pieces of D. two other pieces of15. I had no idea which was better, so