高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專項(xiàng)七定語從句課件外研版.ppt

七、定語從句,考點(diǎn)15組易混關(guān)系代詞的用法辨析1.只用that不用which的情況(1)先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代詞時(shí)。*Allthatyouneedtodoisfocusononething.,(2)先行詞被theonly,any,few,no,very等修飾時(shí)。*Australiaistheonlycountrythatisalsoacontinent.(3)先行詞是形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。*ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIveeverseen.(4)先行詞為人、物并用時(shí)。*Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?,(5)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(shí)。*Whichisthebikethatyoulost?(6)先行詞在主句中作表語,而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時(shí)。*Shandongisnolongertheprovincethatitusedtobe.,2.只用which不用that的情況(1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。*IsthisthehouseinwhichShakespearewasborn?(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。*Beforepeopleretire,theyusuallyplantodoalotofgreatthings,whichtheyneverhadtimetodowhileworking.,(3)先行詞為that/those時(shí)。*Whatsthatwhichwasputinthecar?(4)which用作定語時(shí)。*Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.,3.thesame.as與thesame.thatthesame.as表示相似或同類的東西;thesame.that表示同一人或物Thisisthesamebookashelentmelastweek.這與他上星期借給我的那本書屬于同一類。Thisisthesamebookthathelentmelastweek.這是他上星期借給我的那本書。,4.such/so.as與such/so.thatsuch/so.as(定語從句)像那樣(as在從句中作主語、賓語等);such/so.that(狀語從句)如此以至于(that在從句中不作任何成分)ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.,5.as與which(1)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,有時(shí)還可插入主句中。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。(2)as意為“正如”,后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等;which意為“這一點(diǎn)”或“這件事”等。,NeedforSpeedisaverysuccessfulfilm,asisknowntoall.Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,whichastonishedus.,【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空(2014安徽高考)Theexactyear_AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.,解題關(guān)鍵:本題先行詞為year,考生首先會(huì)想到when。但當(dāng)先行詞為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞取決于該詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。本題定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞spent為及物動(dòng)詞,故從句中缺少賓語,關(guān)系詞代替先行詞作其賓語。答案判定:which/that,【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空/改錯(cuò)1.(2014全國卷)Maybeyouhaveahabit_isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.2.(2015全國卷)Thecitys“psychologycafes”,_offergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.3.(2015全國卷)Trustisalearnedbehavior_wegainfrompastexperiences.,that/which,which,that/which,4.(2013全國卷)Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8oclockatnight.(改錯(cuò))_,that改為which,考點(diǎn)2關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose1.who和whom的用法(1)先行詞為one,ones,anyone,those指代人時(shí)或表示人的名詞時(shí)。*ThepersonIwanttotalkaboutwithyouisTuYouyou,theonewhowontheNobelPrizeformedicinein2015.,(2)在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who指代人。*Theresagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.(3)一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)修飾人的定語從句,其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個(gè)宜用who以避免重復(fù)。*Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterdaysmeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.,(4)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí),只能用whom,whom在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí),介詞可放在后面,也可提前構(gòu)成介詞+whom(先行詞指人)結(jié)構(gòu)。*Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyofwhomlefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.,2.whose的用法whose指人或物,作定語,表示“的”,可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of+關(guān)系代詞”,指人時(shí)可用ofwhom;指物時(shí)可用ofwhich。*Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestory/ofwhomthestoryshowsthemostimagination.,【點(diǎn)津】關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。*Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.,【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空(2016全國卷)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,_livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.,解題關(guān)鍵:該句為非限制性定語從句,先行詞是Confucius,定語從句中缺少主語,應(yīng)用who引導(dǎo)定語從句。答案判定:who,【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.(2016北京高考)Ilivenextdoortoacouple_childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.2.(2015全國卷)Thisyear,25,310students_haveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitutionshaveputofftheirentryuntilnextyear.,whose,who,3.(2015全國卷)Students_takeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.4.(2015陜西高考)Asalesman_isnotpunctualmaynotmakeasaleifhearriveslateforanappointment.,who,who,考點(diǎn)3關(guān)系副詞when,where,why1.when的用法先行詞為“時(shí)間名詞”,可用when引導(dǎo)定語從句,when在定語從句中作狀語,也可用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)代替。*Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.,2.where的用法(1)先行詞是“地點(diǎn)名詞”,定語從句可用where引導(dǎo),where在從句中作狀語,也可用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)代替。*Theupperfloorisaquietzonewithoverathousandplacesforsilentreading,andplaceswhereyoucansitandworkwithyourowncomputer.,(2)如果定語從句修飾point,situation,position,condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞,常用where引導(dǎo),意思是“到了某種地步,在某種境況下”(前提是從句中缺少狀語)。*Youreachapointwheremedicinecanthelp.,3.why的用法先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason時(shí),可以用why引導(dǎo)定語從句,why在定語從句中作原因狀語,也可用forwhich替代。可以把此時(shí)的句子牢記為一個(gè)固定句型,即Thereasonwhy.is/wasthat.,意為“的原因是”。,*Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidntattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.,【點(diǎn)津】(1)選擇關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的原則:在選擇關(guān)系詞時(shí),最重要的是分析定語從句中所缺的成分。若從句中缺主語、賓語、定語或表語,必須用關(guān)系代詞;若從句中不缺主語、賓語、定語或表語,必須用關(guān)系副詞。,*Thisisthemountainvillagethat/whichIvisitedlastyear.(關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語)*IwillneverforgetthedaywhenmyfatherreturnedfromAmerica.(關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語),(2)當(dāng)way表示方法、方式作先行詞,且后面的定語從句缺方式狀語時(shí)可以用that或inwhich引導(dǎo),也可以省略關(guān)系詞。如果后面定語從句中缺少賓語,要用that或which引導(dǎo),也可以省略關(guān)系詞。*Idontlikethewaythat/inwhich/不填hespeakstohismother.,【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空(2016全國卷)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,_IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.,解題關(guān)鍵:此處表示當(dāng)時(shí)我是第一個(gè)西方記者,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,其先行詞為mid-1980s,故應(yīng)該使用when表示時(shí)間。答案判定:when,【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.(2016天津高考)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,_theweathermaybebetter.2.(2015湖北高考)Thereason_theponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist-heavyarea.,when,why,3.(2015廣東高考)Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket_peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.4.(2014全國卷)Thehardwoodforests_passengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericansneedforwood.,where,where,考點(diǎn)4介詞+關(guān)系代詞的6個(gè)考查點(diǎn)1.考查定語從句中動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配*Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergytowhichwemayreturninthenearfuture.2.考查定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣*HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.,3.考查根據(jù)句意或者先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣確定介詞*Iamlookingformyglasses,withoutwhichIcantwatchTVclearly.,4.考查表示所屬關(guān)系的ofwhich/whom*Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionofwhich/whoseconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.注意:the+n.+ofwhich(whom)可與whose+n.互換。,5.考查表示整體與部分關(guān)系的ofwhich/whom*Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbytheangrycrowd.6.考查表示同位關(guān)系的