高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題 非謂語動詞（2）（講）（含解析）新人教版選修6.doc

非謂語動詞（2）非謂語動詞考點，是英語高考必考點之一。在高考中主要考查點有：非謂語動詞作定語、非謂語動詞作狀語、動名詞作主語、非謂語動詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語動詞短語與狀語從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換等。命題形式：本考點在廣東高考中的命題形式主要有：1.語法填空（短文填空）（出現(xiàn)在全國卷中）；2.書面表達解題技巧：解答非謂語動詞類試題，可以從以下幾個方面著手考慮：非謂語動詞是高中英語教學(xué)法的重點和難點，也是歷屆高考的重點項目。命題熱點多是借助于基本概念，在語境中考查常用動詞的各種非謂語形式以及個性動詞后的非謂語形式的不同要求。有時也涉及到非謂語動詞邏輯主語的一致性問題以及獨立結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語的各種變化。其考點主要包括：1、考查不定式和動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別。要求熟記“三類”動詞：（1）只能接不定式作賓語的動詞。如：seem, attempt, neglect, afford, demand, long, arrange, mean, expect等；（2）只能接動名詞作賓語的動詞。如：acknowledge, admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, escape, consider, permit, imagine, postpone, risk,等；（3）接不定式和動名詞意義有別的動詞。如：remember, try, mean, regret等。2、考查不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別。簡單地說就是：不定式表示“未來的動作”，現(xiàn)在分詞表示“進行的動作”，過去分詞表示“完成的動作”。3、考查不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別。（1）結(jié)果狀語：only to do表示“出乎意料的結(jié)果”；thus doing表示“自然而然的結(jié)果”。（2）程度狀語：be glad（silly，sad，disappointed，satisfied，sorry，surprised）to have done表示“很高興（愚蠢、難過）做了.”。（3）原因狀語：being形容詞（過去分詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞）通常在句中表示原因。4、考查分詞、不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別。（1）感官動詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役動詞have 后面的賓補有三種形式：不帶to 的不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。（2）leave 后接三種形式作賓補：leave sb doing sth“讓某人一直做某事”,;leave sth undone“留下某事未做”; leave sth to be done“留下某事要做”。（3）have, get 后接三種形式作賓補：have/get sth done “使/讓某事由別人去做”(叫/讓某人做某事);have sb / sth doing “使/讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事”(現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動或正在進行);get sb / sth doing “使某人/物開始行動起來”;have sb do sth (get sb to do sth) “使/讓 /叫某人去做某事”。（4）be said（reported、thought、considered）+ to do sth（據(jù)說“要”）/ to be doing sth（據(jù)說“正在”）/ to have done sth（據(jù)說“已經(jīng)”）。5、考查非謂語的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。即，現(xiàn)在分詞的一般體和完成體的區(qū)別；過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別。6、考查非謂語動詞的其它結(jié)構(gòu)。with（out）復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)等。 2015年高考將繼續(xù)加強對非謂語動詞的考查，而且對分詞的考查仍是重點。試題的測試點將呈現(xiàn)出“情景化”和“設(shè)問角度多樣化”的趨勢，但試題的難度不會太大。考點揭秘1.we got a little_（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.2.“in the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little ,always （think）that it was only small and not very important ,and look where we have ended up today.”【答案與解析】thinking, 考查非謂語動詞，現(xiàn)在分詞形式表伴隨。3.he suddenly appeared in class one day, _ (wear) sun glasses.【答案與解析】wearing考查非謂語動詞的用法。作伴隨狀語，描述謂語動詞appear的狀態(tài)，表主動，用現(xiàn)在分詞。句意為：一天他突然出現(xiàn)在課堂上，戴著太陽鏡。4. i got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then i noticed a man _ (sit) at the front.【答案與解析】sitting/sit notice sb doing/do sth 5.even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for 19. _ (learn) the material assigned. 【答案與解析】learning 此處for是介詞，其后用動名詞。語法填空練習(xí)1.完成下列的語法填空（注意非謂語動詞的用法）語法填空（共10題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）last year, my brother and i went to miami for a vacation. some of my friends who had been there before said_1_ was a wonderful holiday destination. before we went, we had planned for months. when the day came, we were ready.after our plane landed, we went to the hotel. we had made our reservation six months_2_ （early）, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. we _3_（tell）that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, _4_ for the week after. i didnt understand _5_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged_6_ the reservation. whats worse, the hotel had been fully booked. when we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. she was _7_（surprise）helpful. she apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare vip room on _8_ top floor. we had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we werent charged extra.the next day, my brother and i went to the beach _9_ we watched some people play volleyball. we got a little_10_（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.1._ 2._3._ 4._ 5._6._ 7._8._ 9._ 10._【答案】1.it2.earlier3.were told4.but5.why6.for7.surprisingly8.the9.where10.sunburned/ sunburnt2.earlier 考查形容詞比較級及語境的理解。這里是暗含比較，雖然沒有比較連詞，但是在到達之前早就預(yù)定好的，所以應(yīng)該用比較級。這個題如果考生沒有看出是暗含比較很容易填原形。3.were told考查動詞的語態(tài)及語境的理解。這里we與tell之間是被動關(guān)系，即服務(wù)員告訴我們，我們的房間沒有預(yù)定上。故用were told。這里考生必須理解上文的意思，才能正確判斷這個句子的主謂之間的關(guān)系。4.but 考查并列連詞及語境的理解。服務(wù)員告訴我們那周的房間沒有預(yù)定上而是定了之后一周的房間。這里notbut不是而是，用but表示前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。如果考生不能正確理解這句的句意，很難想到用but。8.the 考查冠詞。她向我們道歉，并給我們在頂層提供了一個vip會員房間。這里一個樓層的頂部當(dāng)然是特指的，所以應(yīng)該用定冠詞the。9.where 考查定語從句。第二天我和弟弟到了海灘，在那里我們看到一些人打籃球。beach是先行詞，where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，它在從句中作地點狀語。這個題需要考生會分析句子成分，掌握關(guān)系詞在句中的作用。10.sunburned/ sunburnt 考查非謂語動詞。我們有點曬黑了。sunburn曬黑，是動詞或名詞。get被用來代替助動詞be，get和過去分詞連用，構(gòu)成被動結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某一事件或事故的發(fā)生，著重強調(diào)動作。即get + done結(jié)構(gòu)，故用過去分詞sunburned/ sunburnt。2.語法填空if you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(識別)those of 1_(great)and less importance. then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 2_(achieve). leaving the less important things until tomorrow is often 3 (accept).most of us are more focused 4 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. so, get an early start and try to be as productive as possible before lunch. this will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling 5 (accomplish).recent 6 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7 (regular). give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.if you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 9 (bring)your work home. it could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 10 (make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.語篇解讀：本文為說明文。本文主要介紹了緩解工作壓力的一些方法。1.【答案】greater【解析】考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)語境及下文的“and less importance”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級來修飾importance，故填greater。4.【答案】on5.【答案】accomplished【解析】考查過去分詞作表語。feel accomplished=feel a sense of achievement感覺到有成就感。6.【答案】studies【解析】考查名詞。最新的研究表明，如果我們有規(guī)律地短暫休息的話，我們在工作中會變得高效得多。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，謂語動詞為show，為復(fù)數(shù)形式，且study作“研究，調(diào)查”講時為可數(shù)名詞，故主語應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。故填studies。7.【答案】regularly【解析】考查副詞。副詞修飾謂語動詞take，故填regularly“有規(guī)律地”。8.【答案】a【解析】考查冠詞在介詞短語中的運用。介詞短語for a while意為“一會兒”。9.【答案】to bring【解析】考查非謂語動詞。固定短語be likely to do sth.意為“可能做某事”，故填to bring。10.【答案】make【解析】考查祈使句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，but連接兩個并列分句。其中第二個分句中，whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其后為祈使句充當(dāng)主句。故填make。3.基礎(chǔ)習(xí)作（適當(dāng)使用非謂語動詞）你接受一項寫作任務(wù)，要為當(dāng)?shù)赜⒄Z晚報寫一篇報道。寫作內(nèi)容請根據(jù)以下信息寫一篇英文報道，內(nèi)容包括：人物：英國人查理德阿維斯（richard avis）出生日期：1974年12月1日時間：2011年開始在世界各地尋找同年同月同日生的人目的：理解不同文化中成功人生的含義相關(guān)信息： 借助當(dāng)?shù)孛襟w尋找 迄今找到32名，其中男性17名，女性15名，來自13個國家