名詞分類.doc

第1節(jié) 名詞分類一名詞定義：名詞是所有事物的名稱，包括人、物及抽象概念。名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞兩大類。名詞在句子中可作主語，賓語或表語等。 單數(shù) ：可用冠詞修飾 可數(shù)名詞 復(fù)數(shù) ：名詞變復(fù)數(shù)二名詞分類： 用單位詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞 a bottle of orange 不可數(shù)名詞 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞：ink/ milk/ rice/ water1. 不定冠詞(a/an), 定冠詞(the)的用法 a + 輔音因素 a chair ; a new book 不定冠詞 an + 元音因素an apple; an hour; There is an s in the six.2. 定冠詞“the”的常用用法：a. 前面已經(jīng)提到過的名詞，再次提到時(shí)前面加the。如：There was once a man. The man had a hen. The hen gave him a golden egg every day. 從前有個(gè)人，他有一只母雞，這只母雞每天都給他下一個(gè)金蛋。b. 用于宇宙間“獨(dú)一無二”的天體名詞之前。如：the sky/ the moon /the earth /the world/the sun /the universe c. 在方向、方位詞的前面。如：the east /the west/the north/the south/the right/the left d. 樂器的前面。如：the piano/the violin 第2節(jié) 名詞變復(fù)數(shù)1. 直接在詞尾加 “s” book-books desk-desks/shop-shops/wall-walls2. 單詞以s、sh、ch、x結(jié)尾，在單詞的詞尾加 “es”bus-buses/dish-dishes/watch-watches/box-boxes 3. 以y結(jié)尾，如果y前是輔音字母，把y變i加es, 如果y前是元音字母，就直接加s. family-families day-days 有生命：詞尾加es tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes4. 以“o”結(jié)尾無生命：詞尾加s piano-pianos photo-photos radio-radiosbamboo-bamboos (例外)5. 以f或fe結(jié)尾，把f或fe變成“ves”life-lives/knife-knives/wife-wives 國籍類名詞變復(fù)數(shù)方式 中日不變，英法變，其余國家加“s”Chinese-Chinese Japanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen Frenchman-FrenchmenAmerican-Americans名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化man-men woman-women tooth-teeth foot-feet mouse-mice child-children第3節(jié) 不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量化1. 用單位名詞來表示一定的數(shù)量：a glass of.; a cup of.; a bottle of.; a piece of.2. 可以修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的不定量代詞修飾可數(shù)名詞的代詞：some, any, many, a lot of=lots of, a little, little 注：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定和疑問句，但表示希望得到對方肯定回答的時(shí)候在疑問句中用some 代替any 如：Would you like some tea? Yes, Id like to. There are some flowers in the basket. 籃子里面有一些花。 There is not any eggs in the box. 盒子里面沒有多少雞蛋了。 There are many people in the square. 有很多人在廣場上了。 There are a lot of(lots of) people in the swimming pool. 有很多人在游泳池里。 There are a few oranges,but few apples in the fridge. 冰箱里有幾個(gè)橘子,但蘋果所剩無幾了。 修飾不可數(shù)名詞的代詞: some, any, much, a lot of=lots of, a few , few 如：There is some water left in the bottle.瓶子里還有一些水。 There is not any milk in the bottle.瓶子里沒有多少牛奶了。 There is much time to finish your homework.有大量的時(shí)間來完成你的家庭作業(yè)。The little girl wants a little milk.這個(gè)小女孩想要些牛奶。名詞做定語：兩個(gè)名詞組成的詞組，其中前面的名詞做后面名詞的定語 （1）多數(shù)情況下，前面的名詞用其單數(shù)形式做定語：apple tree （2）man woman 做定語時(shí)，后復(fù)其復(fù)，后單其單：man doctor ; women nurses （3）sport 永遠(yuǎn)用它的復(fù)數(shù)形式做定語： sports shop第4節(jié) 名詞所有格一 含義：名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系，翻譯成漢語中的“的”。分類如下： 有生命 單數(shù)形式：s (1) 單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)加s 如: the boys ball復(fù)數(shù)形式:s (2) 特殊變化的名詞加s如:childrens toys 無生命：用of表示名詞多有格：the picture of the family二“共有”和“分擁”問題： 1. 表示幾個(gè)人共同擁有一樣?xùn)|西時(shí)，只需在最后一個(gè)人的名字后面加“ s ”如：表示各自所有，則需要在每個(gè)名字后加“ s ” This is Tom and Jacks room. 這是湯姆和杰克的房間。（共有） They are Toms and Jacks rooms. (這是湯姆和杰克各自的房間) 2. 為了避免重復(fù)，名詞所有格修飾的詞可以省略。 如：My room is bigger than Toms. My room is bigger than Toms room. （我的房間比Tom的房間大）名詞練習(xí)題一、請把下列名詞單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)policeman boy sweater family postman bus chair shop pencil-box box foot shelf tooth city child fish hero leaf potato heep 二、把下列名詞復(fù)數(shù)變?yōu)閱螖?shù)geese oranges_families_ leaves_dishes_ boxes_ watches_ tomatoes_books_ tables_ pens_ women_三、選擇正確的名詞形式填空1.Would you like some _?A.breades B.bread C.breads2.I will tell you _.A.a good news B.good a news C.a piece of good news D.some piece of good news3.We know _ travels very fast.A.sound B.sounds C.a sound D.the sound4.I bought a box of _ yesterday.A.pear B.apple C.apples5.She has five _.A.pen B.hat C.stickers6.-What are those? -They are _.A.tomato B.tomatos C.tomatoes7.They have a big _.A.living room B.reading rooms C.bathrooms8.Lets get some _.A.pear B.oranges C.apple9.Do you want some _?A.apple B.butter C.egg10.How many _ are there on the farm?A.ducks B.duck C.duckes11.Where is the _ office?A.teacher B.teacher C.teachers D.teachers12.Zhang Lei is _.A.mine friend B.friends of my sister C.a friend to my sister D.a friend of my sisters13.I want _,please.A.a glass water B.a water C.two glass of water D.a glass of water14.There is a _ and two _ in my bag.A.pencil box;pen B.pencil box;pencils C.pencil boxes; pens D. pencil boxes; pencils15.She has two big _.A.eyes B.eye C.nose D.mouth16.Mr. Smith is _ father. They are sisters.A. Lucys and Lilys B. Lucy and Lilys C.Lucys D.Lilys17. _are big and bright.A. The classrooms windows B. The window of the classroomC. The windows of the classroom D. The classrooms wondow18. _ is too much for the boy to carry.A.The box weight B.The box of weightC.The weight of the box D.The boxs weight19.I will give you _ to finish it.A.two weeks time B.two weeks time C.two week time D.two weeks time20.Joan is _ sister.A.Mary and Jack B.Marys and JacksC. Marys and Jack D. Mary and Jacks21.There are _ on the desk.A.some paper B.five pieces of paperC.five piece of paper D.a piece of papers22.The farmer raised ten _.A.sheeps B.deers C.horse D.sheep23.The old man has _ on his nose. A.a glass B.a glasses C.a pair of glasses D.a pair of glass24.There are some _ in these _.A.knives;pencil-boxB.knives;pencil-boxC.knives;pencil-boxes D.knives;pencils-boxs25. _ of us are from Hebei Province.A.Some B.Any C.some D.any26. I dont have _ questions.A.some B.any C.a D.an27.Does_ of you know him?A.Some B.Any C.any D.some28.I have _ paper.A.any B.a C.an D.some29There arent _ pupils in the classroom.A.any B.some C.a D.an30. Are there _ eggs on my desk? Yes,there are _.A.some;some B.some;any C.any;some D.any;any31.There are _ eggs in the basket.A.fewer B.a few C.a little D.little32.I have _ time now. I cant help you.A.a few B.few C.little D.a little33. Its hot today. _pupils are playing on the playground.A. Few B. A few C.Little D. A little34. There is _water in the bottle. I cant drink it.A.few B.a few C.little D. a little35.Tom can speak _ Japanese now.A.few B.a few C.little D. a little四、把單數(shù)名詞與復(fù)數(shù)名詞形式用線連起來A.boxes B.Chinese C.deer D.feet E.maps F.heroes G.classes H.lives I.sheep J.Americansmap class life box Chinese hero foot deer American sheep 五、用所給名詞的正確形式填空1.Are there any _ (picture) on the wall?2.I like _ (winter) best.3.We have three _ (bag)of _ (peach).4.Have some _ (strawberry),please.5.Im hungry. Id like some _ (food)6.All the _ (boy) stand by the window.7.Is there any _ (water )in the box?8.Tom, do you have an _ _ (orange T-shirt)?9.There is some _ (chicken) in the bowl.10.Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange) juice,please?11.I would like some apple _ (juice) I am very thirsty.12.Would you like some _ (water)?六、圈出正確的翻譯1.露西的帽子 A. Lucy hat B.Lucys hat C.Lucys hat2.我妹妹的書 A. My sister bookB. My sisiters book C. Mys sisters book3.貓的尾巴 A.the cat tail B.the cats tail C.the cat tail4.今天的報(bào)紙 A.today paper B.todays paper C.today paper5.我的一位朋友 A.my a friend B.a friend of my C. a friend of mine6.問題的答案 A.the questions answer B.the answer for the question C. the answer to the question7.懷特先生的汽車 A.Mr. Whites carB. Mr. White car C. Mr whites car 8.湯姆的媽媽 A. Tom motherB. tom mot