裴慧外文翻譯(已改).doc

華中科技大學(xué)文華學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯（本科學(xué)生用）題 目： 數(shù)碼攝影物鏡設(shè)計 學(xué) 生 姓 名：_ 裴 慧_ _學(xué) 號：_060105011122_ _學(xué) 部 （系）: 信 息 專 業(yè) 年 級: _ 06光信1班_ _ 指 導(dǎo) 教 師：_包佳祺_職稱或?qū)W位：講師2010 年 5 月 1 日 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯（譯成中文1000字左右）：【主要閱讀文獻(xiàn)不少于5篇，譯文后附注文獻(xiàn)信息，包括：作者、書名（或論文題目）、出 版 社（或刊物名稱）、出版時間（或刊號）、頁碼。提供所譯外文資料附件（印刷類含封面、封底、目錄、翻譯部分的復(fù)印件等，網(wǎng)站類的請附網(wǎng)址及原文】譯文：在制造過程中，攝像探測器被暴露在統(tǒng)一的照明下，這樣那些具有異常靈敏度和偏流的像素就會很突出，因而也很容易被辨別出來。然而，有些像素是后來才產(chǎn)生缺陷的，而消費(fèi)者又很難創(chuàng)造統(tǒng)一的環(huán)境來檢測他們。在3.1節(jié)中，通過對許多照片取平均值，我們對一些特別的場景和噪聲平均處理，這樣就可以的到一個平滑變化的圖片。因此，檢測劣質(zhì)像元的一個簡單前提就是被平均處理過的像必須平滑。這個設(shè)計的理念是以這樣一個事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的，任意一個相機(jī)里面的像都是三維的，是對外在世界一個扭曲的副本。很明顯，我們安置在相機(jī)里面的結(jié)構(gòu)在外在世界中有與之相一致的結(jié)構(gòu)。這是基于相機(jī)主要透鏡一對一的映射。用棱鏡代替膠片前面的針孔這個想法最早是在1908年由李普曼提出來的。正如一個簡單的針孔攝像機(jī)，比起小孔，棱鏡能收集更多的光線，并產(chǎn)生更好的圖像質(zhì)量。李普曼稱他的做法為積分?jǐn)z影。這些年，提出了很多關(guān)于他的方法的不同版本，最新的是全光相機(jī)。我們將分兩步在頻域分析積分透鏡。（1）我們考慮一列針孔，就像在Ive的相機(jī)中那樣，所有的針孔進(jìn)行一個常向量的位移變換。每個針孔都被帶有一定偏差角的棱鏡遮蓋，這個角度偏移取決于前面的位移，定義為a/f。(2)我們考慮多個陣列轉(zhuǎn)移等針孔棱鏡，并疊加表明，它們都以同樣的方式對最終圖像做出貢獻(xiàn)。李普曼的積分?jǐn)z影是在此基礎(chǔ)上對不同的數(shù)組采取一致的行動。它可視為在有限情況下，平面完全是由針孔棱鏡和所有的光線穿過。每個透鏡是由相應(yīng)的棱鏡組成的，作為一個菲涅爾鏡頭。廣角鏡頭擁有比普通攝像機(jī)的視線范圍更大的視場，并能從環(huán)境中獲取更多信息。因此，它在各種希望用較少的相機(jī)更多的信息的應(yīng)用中起著重要的作用，如監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，移動機(jī)器人設(shè)想，制造系統(tǒng)等在我們的三維焊縫提取系統(tǒng)中，廣角鏡頭被用來捕捉焊縫的信息。然而，由廣角鏡頭斷裂帶來的圖像失真應(yīng)該解決以滿足重建的精度0.2毫米。該系統(tǒng)的焊縫實(shí)時能力需要另一要求。因此，應(yīng)該提出一個簡單而有效的校準(zhǔn)照相機(jī)鏡頭畸變的方法。 在本文中，我們介紹了我們的焊縫提取制度，旨在提取兩個CCD帶有廣角鏡頭相機(jī)的焊縫。為了滿足精度要求，圖像的失真必須處理?；谶@一背景，我們提出了一個措施，可以利用它來校準(zhǔn)廣角鏡頭的徑向和離心的畸變參數(shù)。今后，我們會考慮噪聲的影響，并分析了運(yùn)算的耐用性。 變焦系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)參數(shù)如第二節(jié)中所提到的。由系統(tǒng)指標(biāo)及上面的光學(xué)系統(tǒng)像差特點(diǎn)對初始結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行一下優(yōu)化：(1)改變變倍比，使新的系統(tǒng)滿足變倍比要求。因?yàn)樵嫉淖兘圭R頭的變倍比比我們設(shè)計的近紅外變焦系統(tǒng)所需的變倍比大，故以原始光學(xué)系統(tǒng)最小的焦距為新設(shè)計光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的最小焦距，縮小變倍比，然后以此為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因?yàn)?，變焦系統(tǒng)中對整體成像質(zhì)量影響最大的是短焦時的成像質(zhì)量和變倍比，以這種方式改變變倍比，在一定程度上能夠提高在短焦時的成像質(zhì)量，同時使變倍比也滿足了要求。During manufacturing,camera detectors are exposed to uniform illuminations so that bad pixels-pixels with abnormal sensitivities and biases -stand out and can be easily identified.However,some pixels develop defects later and it is difficult for consumers to create uniform environments to detect them.In Section 3.1 we saw that by averaging a large number of photographs,we average out particular scenes and noise to get a smoothly varying image.Thus,a simple prior for bad poxel detection is that the average image should be smooth;bad pixels should be identifiable as causing discontinuities in the average image。Another family of light-filled cameras can be described an putting any of the arrays used on previous camera designs in front of a regular camera,and focusing it slightly behind the array.The idea for this design is based on the fact that the image inside any camera is 3-dimensional,and is a distorted copy of the outside world.It is clear that the structures we place inside the camera have their corresponding structures in the outside world .This is based on the 1-to-1 mapping defined by the main camera lens.The idea of replacing the array of pinholes in front of the lm with lenses was rst proposed by Lippmann back in 1908 3. Just as with a single pinhole camera, lenses gather much more light and produce better image quality than small holes. Lipmann called his approach Integral photography. Dierent versions of it have been proposed throughout the years, the most recent one being the plenoptic camera 6,14.Our analysis of the integral camera in frequency space will be done in two steps. (1) We consider an array of pinholes as in the Ives camera, only shifted by a constant (for all pinholes) vector a. Each pinhole is covered by a prism with angle of deviation depending on the shift, dened as prism = a/f .(2) We consider the superposition of multiple shifted arrays of such pinhole-prisms, and show that they all contribute to the nal image in a /f similar way. Lippmanns integral photography is based on this coherent action of dierent arrays. It can be viewed as the limiting case where the plane is made completely of pinhole-prisms and all the light goes through. Each microlens is formed by the corresponding prisms, as a Fresnel lens.Wide-angle lens has a much larger field of view than common cameras, and is able to capture more information from the environment. Thus, it plays an important role in kinds of applications which desire more information with fewer cameras, such as supervisory systems, visions of mobile robots, visions in manufacturing systems, etc. In our 3D welding seam extraction system, a wide-angle lens is adopted to capture the welding seam information. However, the sever image distortion brought in by the wide-angle lens should be tackled in order to meet the reconstruction precision ashigh as 0.2mm. The real-time ability of the welding seam system puts forward another requirement. Therefore, a simple and efficient method for calibrating camera lens distortion should be proposed. In this paper, we introduced our welding seam extraction system which aimed to extract the welding seam from two CCD cameras with wide-angle lenses. In order to satisfy the precision requirement, the distortion of the image must be dealt with. Based on this background, we have proposed a distortion measure that can be utilized to calibrate the radial and decentering distortion parameters of the wide-angle lens. In future, we will consider the effect of the noise and analyze the robustness of the algorithm. Zoom system technology parameters such as mentioned in section II. By the system indicators and the above optical system aberration about the characteristics of the initial structure of the optimization: (1) change the zoom ratio, so that the new system meets the requirements zoom ratio. Because the original zoom Bibi We design the system required near-infrared zoom ratio, so the original minimum focal length optical system for new account the minimum focal length optical system, and then used as criteria for narrowing the magnification changer. Because the zoom system as a