2013年成人高考(專升本)英語筆記考前預(yù)測題.doc

更多的考試資料請?jiān)L問考酷網(wǎng)第一部分 語音一、英語音素元音20單元音(12)短元音(7)eiu長元音(5)i:a:u:雙元音(8)aieiiauu iu 輔音28清輔音ptkstrtsf 濁輔音bdzddrdzv 其他hmnjlrw二、元音字母的讀音規(guī)則1. 重讀開音節(jié)字母 a e i (y) o u重讀開音節(jié)eii:aiuju:u:例詞same,age nametakewe,theseshe,hewhite,my,by,kite,flyno,those,go,homeuse,tuberule,blue例外：give,come,gone,ate,done,move,prove,第二部分 語法（上）第一節(jié) 名 詞（null） 大綱要求掌握： 一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞 二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 三、名詞的所有格 四、名詞在句子中的作用一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞名詞分可數(shù)與不可數(shù)兩種。可數(shù)名詞表示某類人或東西中的個體。如table, country。或表示若干個體組成的集合體。如 family, people, committee, police。不可數(shù)名詞表示無法分為個體的實(shí)物。如air, tea, furniture, water?；虮硎緞幼鳌顟B(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念。如work, information, advice, happiness。有些名詞在一種場合下是可數(shù)名詞,在另一種場合下是不可數(shù)名詞。如room 房間（可數(shù)），空間（不可數(shù)）time 時間（不可數(shù)），次數(shù)（可數(shù)）fish 魚（不可數(shù)），各種各樣的魚（可數(shù)）比較下列例句:There are nine rooms in the house. （房間，可數(shù)名詞）There isnt enough room for us three in the car . （空間，不可數(shù)名詞）不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量可以通過在其前面加單位詞來表示。如： 一塊肉 a piece of meat兩條長面包 two loaves of bread三件家具 three articles of furniture一大筆錢 a large sum of money 二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：1一般情況下在名詞后加-s。如：girls, books。濁輔音、元音結(jié)尾，s發(fā)z2以s, x , ch, sh結(jié)尾的詞在名詞后加-es。如：glasses, boxes, matches, bushes。以s, x , ch, sh結(jié)尾,es發(fā)iz3輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加-es。如：city-cities, country-countries。4以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)加-es。如：heroes, tomatoes, potatoes。radios, zoos, photos, pianos, kilos 例外。5f, fe 結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f，fe為v再加-es。如：thief-thieves, leaf-leaves, half-halves, life-lives, wife-wives, knife-knives。少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice。可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)一般情況下考不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。個別名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的形式是一樣的。如Chineses, Japanese, sheep, deer。三、名詞的所有格名詞的所有格表示所屬關(guān)系， 起形容詞的作用。當(dāng)名詞表示有生命的東西時，所有格一般是在詞尾加 s 。如：Jeans room, my daughter-in-laws friends, my daughters-in-laws friends, childrens books。如果名詞已經(jīng)有了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s, 則只需加。如：the teachers books, my parents car。時間名詞的所有格在后面加s ，復(fù)數(shù)加 。如：todays newspaper, five minutes walk。當(dāng)名詞表示無生命的東西時，所有格常由of短語構(gòu)成。如：the top of the world, the cover of the book, Chinas capital。加 s 或 的名詞所有格可以表示店鋪或某人的家。如：the grocers, the tailors, the Smiths 。名詞所有格考試常見部分是 名詞表示沒有生命的東西時，不能直接在其后加s。時間名詞所有格在其后加s，或復(fù)數(shù)名詞后直接加。四、名詞在句子中的作用1主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 All roads lead to Rome.（條條大路通羅馬。） His brother is an industrial engineer. The number of the students attending the party is increasing.the number of 表示數(shù)量，無論后面名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)，謂語動詞是單數(shù)形式。Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me. two-thirds 三分之二幾分之幾作主語，謂語是單數(shù)形式。Both of us are studying English.總結(jié)：在名詞作主語時，the number of 謂語動詞單數(shù)形式；幾分之幾，謂語單數(shù)形式；both 謂語使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2、主語是不可數(shù)名詞、不定式或動名詞詞組、從句時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 All the money he received was given to his mother. Forgetting the past means betrayal. What we are talking now is useless.3主語部分若有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except等短語，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與短語前面的名詞一致。 Mary, as well as her two sisters, is a student of this school. （as well as her two sisters 作主語Mary的主語補(bǔ)足語，主語 Mary 是單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式）No one except my friends knows anything about it.4表示時間、距離、重量、價值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，如果當(dāng)作整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。+()=算式中的謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。 Three times two is six. Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres. (three kilometers作為整體來看）5Either, neither作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Neither of us has been to Italy. Has either of them been to Shanghai? none代表可數(shù)的人或東西時，謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，代表不可數(shù)的東西時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 None of the students have/has seen the film. None of the money belongs to me.6主語由eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also連接時，謂語形式由最鄰近的主語決定。 Not only you but also I am wrong. Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon. Either you or she is to do the work.7主語中有and，如果表示單一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 The bread and butter is nice.8主語前有many a, more than one修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Many a book has been read by the students.many a book=many books More than one person has been to the Great Wall.9集合名詞作主語，當(dāng)作整體看待時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，當(dāng)作每個獨(dú)立的個體看待時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The committee meets once a year. (作為整體） The committee are having a meeting now. （作為獨(dú)立個體） People, police作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The police have come to arrest him.名詞部分考試重點(diǎn)1、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞里，哪幾個詞是不可數(shù)名詞。2、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式重點(diǎn)掌握不規(guī)則形式，單、復(fù)數(shù)相同的名詞。3、名詞所有格重點(diǎn)掌握時間名詞所有格在其后加s,復(fù)數(shù)加。4、名詞在句中的作用，重點(diǎn)掌握剛才的9點(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)測試1Ten days _ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesnt need any more.A. is B. has beenC. was D. had beenten days 作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)形式。（注意時態(tài)）答案 A2. Now, many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs, for example, before the names of _ in business letters.A. woman manager B. women managerC. woman managers D. women managersnames 是復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后的名詞肯定是復(fù)數(shù)。兩個名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，兩個都要變。答案 D3. The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _ to fifteen.A. have increasedB. has increased C. is increased D. are increasingthe number of 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。答案 B4. Neither John nor his father _ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.A. wasB. were C. would be D. have beenneither.nor謂語動詞跟相鄰的主語一致。 答案 A5. The room is eight _ long.A. footB. footsC. feet D. feetsfoot 英尺，復(fù)數(shù)形式 feet答案 C8. Not only the students but also their teacher _ at the meeting.A. was present B. were present C. have been presentedD. has been presentednot only. but also 謂語動詞與相鄰名詞一致。present 呈現(xiàn)，介紹答案 A9. One of the things she wrote about _ life on a small farm at the beginning of the century.A. is B. wasC. are D. wereone of 謂語用單數(shù)。答案 B10. Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _ college education.A. receive B. receives C. have received D. have been receivedone out of 謂語用單數(shù)形式。答案 B11. Never before _ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man.A. has B. have C. will D. wouldnever before開頭，句子倒裝。主語so many people為復(fù)數(shù)。engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。答案 B12. At the bus stop were a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina.A. were B. was C. is D. sits and waits主語 a soldier and two young people為復(fù)數(shù)答案 A13. There _ the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream.A. goes B. go C. gone D. was gone主語 the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream復(fù)數(shù)答案 B14. Mr. Brown, and not I , _ chosen to be the representative of the class.A. isB. am C. are D. have been主語 Mr.Brown答案 A15. The teacher, as well as a number of students, _ to attend the party.A. ask B. asks C. was asked D. were asked謂語動詞與as well as前面的名詞一致。答案 C 16. The hostess together with the guests of honor _ comfortably in the living room.A. was seatedB. seated C. were seated D. were seating謂語與 together with 前的名詞一致be seated 就坐Please be seated ladies and gentlmen.Seat the boy next to his brother.答案 A17. The father, rather than the brothers, _ responsible for the accident.A. isB. are C. have been D. has主語 the father ，單數(shù) be responsible for 對負(fù)責(zé)答案 A18. Either Carol or Grace _ to the concert, but one of them has to stay home.A. is coming B. are coming C. will coming D. have comeeither.or 謂語動詞與臨近主語一致。答案 A19. The total amount of money _ 100 dollars.A. isB. are C. has D. havemoney 不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞單數(shù)。答案 A20. Great quantities of fish _ on high seas.A. is caught B. are caught C. catchD. is catchingquantities 復(fù)數(shù)形式答案 B21. Either of the young ladies _ perfectly qualified to teach Greek and Latin.A. isB. are C. has D. haveeither打頭，謂語動詞單數(shù)。答案 A22. Having studied your report carefully, I am convinced that neither of your solutions _ correct.A. areB. is C. had D. willneither 兩者都不，謂語動詞單數(shù)。答案 B23. In some countries each of the citizens _ to decide government policies.A. helps B. helpC. are helped D. is helpedeach 每一個，謂語動詞單數(shù)。答案 A24. The nurse added_ to the medcine to make the ease for the child to take.A. some sugar B. some sugars C. a sugar D. sugarssuger 不可數(shù)名詞答案 Atake medcine 吃藥25. I like your furniture very much. Thank you. We bought _ in Beijing.A. the most of them B. the most of itC. most of them D. most of itfurniture 不可數(shù)名詞 答案 D第二節(jié) 冠 詞第三節(jié) 代 詞第四節(jié) 數(shù)詞第五節(jié) 形容詞與副詞第六節(jié) 介 詞第七節(jié) 連 詞第八節(jié) 動 詞第十節(jié) 句子的分類第十一節(jié) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、省略句第二部分 詞匯（下） 掌握約3800個基礎(chǔ)英語單詞和相應(yīng)的常用詞組。詞匯考試主要是考 單詞和詞組搭配。 構(gòu)詞法 英語的構(gòu)詞方法有三：合成（composition）,派生（derivation）和轉(zhuǎn)換（conversion）. 一、合成 合成：合兩個或兩個以上的詞而成為一個新詞，這種構(gòu)詞的方法叫做合成。 1. 復(fù)合名詞的主要構(gòu)成方式 1）名詞名詞 classroom教室，newspaper 報(bào)紙 2）形容詞名詞 blackboard黑板,highway 公路， 3）動詞名詞 break-water防波堤 4）副詞名詞 outbreak爆發(fā)，overcoat 大衣 5）代詞名詞 he-goat公山羊，she-wolf 母狼 6）動詞副詞 break-down崩潰 7）名詞介詞短語 editor-in-chief 總編輯, father-in-law岳父2. 復(fù)合形容詞的主要構(gòu)成方式 1）名詞形容詞 snow-white 雪白的,world-wide全世界的 2）形容詞形容詞 bitter-sweet 又苦又甜的，blue-green 綠里發(fā)藍(lán)的 3）副詞形容詞 ever-green 常綠的 4）名詞分詞 snow-covered 白雪蓋著的，hand-made 手工制作的 5)形容詞分詞 good-looking 好看的 6）副詞分詞 well-meaning 好意的，well-informed消息靈通的 7)形容詞名詞 second-hand舊的，用過的，第二手的 8）形容詞名詞-ed open-minded 胸襟開闊的，white-haired白發(fā)的 9）數(shù)詞名詞（ed） two-faced 兩面派的，3. 復(fù)合動詞的主要構(gòu)成方式 1）副詞動詞 overcome克服，uphold支持，主張 2）名詞動詞 sun-bathe行日光浴二、派生三、轉(zhuǎn)換 第三部分 完型填空 復(fù)習(xí)方法在專生本考試中，完型填空占30分，15小題，每小題兩分。完形填空是單句選擇填空和篇章閱讀的結(jié)合體，因此在解題時要既考慮單個的選項(xiàng)又要考慮整體篇章的意義。因?yàn)槎嗔松舷挛牡男畔⑺酝晷吞羁盏碾y度應(yīng)小于第二部分的題型詞匯與語法的選擇填空。完形填空題的考察重點(diǎn)和第二部分單選題大同小異,所不同的是增加了整篇閱讀的綜合分析和判斷，完形填空題的選擇項(xiàng)可能是名詞,動詞,形容詞,介詞,副詞或連詞等詞匯題，也可能是動詞非謂語的變化或動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)等語法題。除了扎實(shí)的語法基礎(chǔ)和詞匯基礎(chǔ)外,還要求考生有良好的語感以及對各選項(xiàng)的綜合分析判斷能力。一、完形填空解題步驟一）通讀全篇 了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和大意做完形填空題答案的關(guān)鍵在于準(zhǔn)確理解短文的大意,要做到這一點(diǎn),就要分清文章的主題與行文結(jié)構(gòu),文章如果是說明文和議論文往往開門見山的提出主題,然后逐點(diǎn)說明或評論,最后小結(jié),所以做題前應(yīng)瀏覽全篇,重點(diǎn)是首尾段,以及每段首尾；如果是記敘文則要了解文章大意和梗概，弄清人物、時間、地點(diǎn)和事件等要素，并領(lǐng)悟作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度等。二）詳讀全篇，根據(jù)各種綜合信息預(yù)測填空的單詞在掌握文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)上下文提供的搭配,結(jié)構(gòu),語意等線索來預(yù)測答案,要著眼空格所在的完整句子,瞻前顧后.必要時用鉛筆先在卷上做上標(biāo)記，比如此空可能是某個詞性或詞義乃至可能是某個詞。重點(diǎn)解決與結(jié)構(gòu)搭配有關(guān)的問題。,如果有些填空一時難以作出判斷，不要戀戰(zhàn)而是繼續(xù)往下進(jìn)行,往往進(jìn)行到下文,前面的填空的信息就會出現(xiàn)或者有了一些有用的線索。三）將預(yù)測答案和所給的四個選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比對，找出重疊率最高的選項(xiàng)四) 復(fù)讀全文核對答案 做到語句通順 句意完整 所有填空選項(xiàng)選擇完畢后要通讀“完形”后的全文，把自己所選的答案放入原文的空缺處核查能否使文章聯(lián)貫語法正確，如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)你所選的某個答案，放在句中讀起來很別扭，那么你的語感在提醒你，對此答案要三思。二、解題方法一）詞與詞組搭配二）上下文提示三）邏輯推理三、解題注意事項(xiàng)1切勿拿題就做，不看全文。2注意通篇文章的關(guān)聯(lián)度，切勿把每個填空割裂開來做。3切勿把時間和精力消耗在翻譯文章上，遇到不認(rèn)識的詞和不明白的句子除非是影響到填空選項(xiàng)的選擇，否則可以放在一邊。四、練習(xí) Jeans are the most _1_ kind of clothes in the world. They are popular almost _2_, in Japan, France, Indonesia, Canada and Brazil. Rich people and poor people wear them. Young people and even some old people wear them. Why are they popular? Who made the _3_ jeans? In 1849 two men discovered gold in California. Men from the _4_ of the United States and other countries hurried there to look for gold, too. These miners needed some _5_ clothes. A young man from Germany _6_ Levi Strauss arrived in California in 1850. He went there to sell things to the miners. He saw that the miners needed strong pants, so he began to make _7_. He used cloth _8_ people make tents from. He put rivets (鉚釘) on the _9_ to make them strong, because the men put rocks in them. These pants were very strong and could _10_ a long time. The pants became very popular immediately. 1.A. nice B. unusual C. popular D. beautiful1. 選C 2.A. every where B. nowhere C. elsewhere D. somewhere 選A 3.A. popular B. early C. first D. latest 選C 4.A. part B. some parts C. many parts D. other parts 選D 6.A. name B. names C. namedD. naming 選C 5.A. soft B. tough C. kind D. pretty 選B 7.A. pantsB. clothes C. it D. them 選A 8.A. that B. wha C. the D. those 選A 本題如果有which, 也可以選。 如果本句為He used cloth from_ 答案就只能選which 9.A. pants B. pockets C. clothes D. jeans選B 10.A. wear B. useC. wash D. last A的正確答案為 be worn選D 涉及到上下文的有7道，涉及到語法的有1道 第四部分 閱讀理解閱讀理解的問題可分為：主題思想判斷細(xì)節(jié)定位邏輯推理 1.主題思想判斷常見的問題為：The best title for the passage is_.This passage talks mainly about_.The main idea of this passage isWhat does this passage mainly discuss?2. 細(xì)節(jié)定位when, where, who, why, how. 常見的問題有：According to the passage, which of the following is true?According to the passage, which of the following in NOT true?According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT?The passage suggests thatHow/When/Where does something happen?3邏輯推理常見的問題為：From the passage, it can be inferred thatThis passage has probably been taken from這類問題一般有三個特點(diǎn)：1.不違背推理原則； 2. 推斷條件充分; 3. 理解題的答案不明顯。 如果問題中有了imply, suggest, infer等表示暗示意義的詞時，解題時切不可把原文中已明確陳述的事實(shí)作為答案。另外要特別注意文中出現(xiàn)的修飾語。 有些閱讀考查學(xué)生的推理能力。這類的問題一般不能從文章中直接找出答案，應(yīng)該找到相關(guān)信息在文章中的位置，聯(lián)系上下文進(jìn)行推理。如一篇文章中有這樣的一句話：If you make a five-day trip across the Atlantic Ocean, your ship enters a different time zone every day.后面有一個問題：From this passage it seems true that the Atlantic Ocean_.A. is in on e time zoneB. is divided into twenty-four zonesC. is divided into five time zonesD. cannot be crossed in five days 在閱讀考試中，的常識和知識面與閱讀能力同樣重要，平時應(yīng)該進(jìn)行廣泛閱讀。如在一篇談到地球上時區(qū)劃分的文章中有這樣的一個問題：The international date line is the name for_.A. the beginning of any new time zoneB. any point where time changes by one hourC. the point where a new day beginsD. any time zone in the Pacific Ocean 閱讀理解的方法：先不讀文章、先去看問題，看一個問題、找相關(guān)的文章在什么地方。Passage 1 Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, however, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a team game. We may well be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no matches between teams of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face, linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities. It is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.1. Which of the following is not a team game?A. Football. B. Volleyball.C. Tennis.D. Mountaineering.Mountaineering爬山2. To ignore the rules of mountaineering would _.A. be dangerousB. not do any harmC. help the climbers to climb fasterD. give the climbers more freedom in the course of climbingignore忽略，忽視 dangerous 危險(xiǎn)的3. According to the author, many people are attracted by mountain- eering because _.A. it is both dangerous and excitingB. there is gold on some mountain peaksC. it is the best form of sportD. it is a sport free from man-made rulesattracted 有興趣的 freedom 自由4. Only _ can climb the highest mountains in the Alps.A. experienced old menB. young peopleC. those who have high mental and physical qualitiesD. strong sportsmenAlps 阿爾卑斯山 mental 腦力的5. Compared with young men, old climbers of sixty may climb a mountain with _.A. more skill B. less timeC. less enjoymentD. much more waste of effort第一步：先看問題 第二步：找關(guān)鍵詞第三步：先讀懂問題，再讀懂關(guān)鍵詞所在的句子第四步：選項(xiàng)中的詞和文章中的詞有相近的關(guān)系who climb mountains (這是一個定語從句，在這里修飾 those)每一段的第一句話是這段的主題句（topic sentence）linked by a rope on which(定語從句，介詞放在前面)teamwork 團(tuán)對合作that are stronger and more powerful than man(定語從句，修飾forces)topic sentence(It is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.)Passage 2 第五部分 補(bǔ)全對話補(bǔ)全對話的部分要求考生在理解對話內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用所學(xué)的日常會話的句型和對話從所給的8個選項(xiàng)中選出5個補(bǔ)全空缺的部分。空缺共5句，每句3分，共15分。要答好這部分題，不僅要求考生熟悉英語日常生活交際用語，還要對話的場景以及上下句的關(guān)聯(lián)度。這部分考試內(nèi)容不涉及單詞拼寫，只是就已知信息進(jìn)行判斷，并且所給的信息只是簡單的日常會話，極少出現(xiàn)生詞。所以在這個題上不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)丟分現(xiàn)象。一、復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容（一） 日常用語（二） 場景問候 Hello! Good morning/ afternoon/ evening! How are you? How are you doing? Pretty good. / Just so so. / Very well. How is everything going? Doing well, thanks How do you do? Best wishes/ regards to sb. Please give my regards/ best wishes/ love to sb. Say hello to sb. 第六部分 短文寫作寫作授課要點(diǎn)短文寫作總分25分。短文寫作部分要求寫出一篇100120詞的短文。題材以記敘文為主，試卷可能給出題目或規(guī)定情景或段首句。短文寫作的要求為：能夠正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，無重大語言錯誤。寫作內(nèi)容涉及生活，一般常識和私人信件。短文寫作中的題目我們也可以稱作命題寫作。情景寫作也就是便條寫作。段首句式的寫作可以稱為主題句式的寫作。一、英語寫作訓(xùn)練的要點(diǎn) 二、如何限題和寫提綱 三、文章的三個部分 四、如何開端和結(jié)尾 五、如何寫正文-段落中的主題句 六、成考英語寫作范文1My Favorite Sport（我最喜愛的運(yùn)動）My favorite sport is swimming. There are three reasons why I like the sport best.First, it is good for keeping fit. It benefits the heart, the lungs（肺）and the limbs（四肢）. Thanks to the s