清末年間直到今天的一百多年時間,是中國金魚發(fā)展的又一個.doc

清末年間直到今天的一百多年時間，是中國金魚發(fā)展的又一個里程碑。Qing hundred years, until today, many years, is another milestone in the development of goldfish.清末人們已經(jīng)知道進(jìn)行有意識的人工選種，育種，當(dāng)時人們還無法解釋金魚的變異現(xiàn)象，以為是金魚在魚池中與其他物種如蝦，螃蟹，蝌蚪等雜交而成的變異。此時的金魚已經(jīng)有了龍睛(moor)，虎頭(lionhead)，望天(elestial-eye)，絨球(pompons)，珍珠等品種pearlscale，鱗片也有了普通與透明的區(qū)分。Qing people already know a conscious artificial selection, breeding, when people still can not explain the phenomenon of variation of goldfish that are goldfish in the pond with other species such as shrimp, crabs, tadpoles and other hybrid variations made. At this time already have dragon eye goldfish (moor), Steller (lionhead), heaven (elestial-eye), flocculus (pompons), pearls and other varieties pearlscale, scales also have the distinction between ordinary and transparent.從清末到抗日戰(zhàn)爭前的30余年間，由于遺傳學(xué)的發(fā)展，人們不僅采取種種雜交方法，使金魚產(chǎn)生新的變異，同時對變異的發(fā)生來由、形成原因、遺傳性等均作了詳細(xì)而系統(tǒng)的研究。到1925年，又增加出10余個新品種金魚。據(jù)許和編著的金魚叢談一書中記載，1935年時僅上海就有各類金魚70余種。其中新添的有龍睛球、珍珠龍睛、龍睛水泡眼、朱砂眼、銀蛋、藍(lán)蛋球、背蛋球、蛋種翻鰓等品種。同時，對于各種品種的優(yōu)劣鑒別，也更加細(xì)致，這對于優(yōu)良品種的培育起了很大的作用。From the late Qing Dynasty to the Sino-Japanese War 30 years ago, due to the development of genetics, people not only take all the hybridization, so that goldfish produce a new mutation, while on the reason behind the occurrence of variation, the reasons, made a detailed genetic keypoint system. To 1925, increased from more than 10 new varieties of goldfish. According to Xu and edited the goldfish Cong Tan, a book written in 1935 when Shanghai will have only 70 kinds of various types of goldfish. Updates to the eye in which a dragon ball, pearl dragon eyes, dragon eyes Bubble Eye, cinnabar eyes, silver egg, blue egg balls, egg balls back, egg kind of turned gill and other varieties. Meanwhile, the pros and cons for various species identification, and more detailed, this fine species for cultivation played an important role.在整個20世紀(jì)，人們得以用科學(xué)的眼光來看待金魚的演化與培育。這一時期，人們不但自覺地依據(jù)遺傳學(xué)理論，采用雜交的方式來得到自己理想的金魚，更涌現(xiàn)了一大批學(xué)者，對金魚的養(yǎng)殖歷史，演化過程，遺傳特性等做了系統(tǒng)的研究。Throughout the 20th century, people can look upon with scientific evolution and cultivation of goldfish. During this period, people are not consciously based on genetic theory using the hybrid ideal way to get their goldfish, but emerged a large number of scholars on the history of goldfish breeding, evolution and genetic characteristics of the system to do.金魚游歷(Goldfish travel)日本的金魚(Japans Goldfish)中國是金魚的故鄉(xiāng),日本作為一衣帶水的鄰國，與中國有著悠久的文化交流歷史。據(jù)日本水產(chǎn)專家松井佳一所著金魚大鑒中考證：公元649765年間，中日兩國使者往來頻繁，日本遣唐使親眼看到過中國飼養(yǎng)金魚的情景，中國金魚自日本德川時代，即17世紀(jì)初葉前后分多次傳入日本。China is the hometown of goldfish, a narrow strip of water in neighboring Japan, and China has a long cultural history. According to Matsui, the Japanese Fisheries experts a good book Goldfish Great Kam in research: AD 649-765 years, frequent exchanges between Chinese and Japanese envoys, dispatched by the Japanese over the Chinese Tang Dynasty witnessed the scene of keeping goldfish, goldfish from China, Tokugawa Japan , that is, the early 17th century brought to Japan many times before and after the points.此后日本曾多次從中國引入金魚品種，并派人前往中國學(xué)習(xí)金魚養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)。日本金魚經(jīng)過數(shù)百年發(fā)展，在新的環(huán)境和飼養(yǎng)管理?xiàng)l件下，經(jīng)過日本養(yǎng)魚者的長期努力，培育出有別于中國風(fēng)格的琉金、地金、東錦、南京、蘭疇等許多品種，形成別具一格的日本金魚。金魚在日本深受人民喜愛，也造就很多金魚名家， 1846年曾出版了日本最早的金魚專著金魚養(yǎng)玩草。時至今日，日本和中國一樣，已成為世界上主要養(yǎng)殖金魚的國家。Since then, Japan has introduced many varieties of goldfish from China, and sent to China to study goldfish breeding techniques. Japanese goldfish After several years development, in the new environment and feeding and management conditions, after the Japanese fishs long-term efforts to cultivate Chinese style of sulfur is different from gold, to gold, Dong Jin, Nanjing, Ranchu, and many other species, unique form of Japanese goldfish. Goldfish profound popular in Japan, but also create a lot of goldfish masters, who in 1846 published a monograph on Japans first gold fish goldfish keep playing grass. Today, Japan and China, has become the worlds major breeding goldfish country.長久以來，受地理位置、語言障礙的影響，以往中日兩國的金魚交流活動，多見于金魚品種引入交流，而中國對日本的金魚養(yǎng)殖情況則知之甚少。日本金魚業(yè)已經(jīng)過數(shù)百年的發(fā)展，形成一套獨(dú)到的養(yǎng)殖形式及甄選體系，金魚已成為僅次于錦鯉的第二大觀賞魚系。因此十分有必要對日本金魚養(yǎng)殖近距離接觸、考察.For a long time, by geographical location, language barriers of the past in exchange activities between China and Japan goldfish, goldfish varieties common in the introduction of exchange, while China is Japans goldfish breeding situation is poorly understood. Japanese goldfish have taken several hundred years of development, the formation of a unique form of culture and selection system, second only to carp goldfish has become the second largest ornamental fish department. So is the need for close contact with the Japanese goldfish breeding, study.日本的金魚品種不似中國那么多種多樣，但卻十分專注。蘭疇是日本金魚最具代表性的品種。有許多金魚愛好者就是因?yàn)橄矏厶m疇而開始關(guān)注金魚的。蘭疇屬于蛋種金魚，無背鰭。擁有發(fā)達(dá)頭瘤、鮮艷的色彩、粗壯的身形和雄健的游姿。日本對于蘭疇的鑒賞已有百年以上的歷史，形成一套完整的品評體系，或許是緣由日本民族嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膫€性，用以品評的規(guī)則幾乎到了無可附加的程度，能培育出一尾完美的蘭疇是培育者一生的追求。Japanese varieties of goldfish do not like China is so diverse, but very focused. Ranchu Goldfish is the most representative species in Japan. There are many goldfish lovers because love began to focus Ranchu goldfish. Ranchu goldfish are egg species, no dorsal fin. Has developed the first tumor, bright colors, sturdy physique and vigorous in the travel position. Japan Ranchu appreciation for more than a hundred years of history have formed a complete set of tasting system, perhaps the reason the Japanese nation rigorous personality, to judge the rules almost to no additional degree will produce graduates with a perfect Ranchu is a lifelong pursuit of breeders.蘭疇金魚(Ranchu)在日本被譽(yù)為金魚之王，從業(yè)者及愛好者有著較高的修養(yǎng)，日本由民間組成的蘭疇愛好會數(shù)以百計(jì)，每年都有數(shù)次地方乃至全國性的蘭疇鑒賞會舉辦。其中，每年11月舉行的全日本蘭疇品評大會最為著名，今年已是第52屆了，日本金魚愛好者的專注與毅力由此可見一斑。今年的品評大會于11月3日（平成19年，2007年）在東京日比谷公園舉行，這個季節(jié)正是當(dāng)年金魚的出貨時間，來自日本各地的競選者攜帶著愛魚參賽，既是展示實(shí)力的賽場，又是學(xué)習(xí)交流的場所。因此吸引了數(shù)以萬計(jì)的金魚愛好者的光臨。Ranchu Goldfish (Ranchu) in Japan, known as King of goldfish, practitioners and enthusiasts have a higher cultivation, Japan Ranchu by private interest will be composed of hundreds each year, several local and even national The Ranchu Appreciation will be held. Which, in November each year at the All Japan Ranchu most famous tasting General Assembly this year is the 52nd, and the Japanese goldfish enthusiasts focus and determination is evident. This years tasting General Assembly on November 3 (Heisei 19 years, 2007) in Tokyo, Hibiya Park, this season is the time of the year shipments of goldfish, candidates from all over Japan to bring love fish competition, is a show of strength The arena, communication is the place to learn. Therefore, to attract tens of thousands of goldfish lovers to visit.金魚與嘉興最早的人工養(yǎng)殖金魚(Goldfish and Jiaxing - the first artificial breeding goldfish)金魚原產(chǎn)地在嘉興Goldfish origin in Jiaxing金魚是一種非常美麗、令人喜愛的觀賞魚種，據(jù)考證，我國發(fā)現(xiàn)和飼養(yǎng)金魚的最早記錄在嘉興，它的原產(chǎn)地在嘉興古城。Goldfish is a very beautiful and lovely ornamental fish, according to research, discovery and the earliest record of keeping goldfish in Jiaxing, Jiaxing its origin in the ancient city.金魚，嘉興人最初叫為金鯽魚，本是野生鯽魚的變種。相傳在五代后期至北宋初年，嘉興一帶出現(xiàn)金紅色的鯽魚，信佛者買后放回河蕩，謂放生，嘉興南湖邊原有放生橋，以放生作橋名，可見放生為當(dāng)時習(xí)俗。后這種放歸在大自然的做法改為放養(yǎng)池塘，于是生意人把金鯽魚放入茶肆酒樓邊的池中，招來顧客觀賞。宋初開寶年間（968975），吳越國秀州刺史丁延贊在嘉興城西北一個池子發(fā)現(xiàn)金鯽魚，該地也就被稱為金魚池，后建為金魚院，為一方名勝。據(jù)此，月波樓下金魚池的位置應(yīng)在小西門，現(xiàn)育子弄花鳥市場一帶，自宋至清初這里應(yīng)是嘉興人觀賞金魚的地方。北宋時，已有許多名人為金魚池等名勝作詩吟詠，據(jù)各家詩意，當(dāng)時嘉興已養(yǎng)金魚。Goldfish, who originally called for the payment of Jiaxing carp, this is a variant of the wild carp. According to legend, late in the Five Dynasties to the Northern Song dynasty, the Jiaxing area appears red and gold carp, a Buddhist who bought back into the river after the swing, that release, jiaxin nanhu lake bridge the original release to release as the bridge name, see release for the then customary. This set free after the change in the nature of the practice of stocking the pond, so businessmen put money into the Chasi carp pool side restaurant, attracting customers watch. Kaibao Song period (968-975), Temple in Sau Yan Chan Ding prefectural governor in Jiaxing City, northwest of a cash carp pond, the place also known as the goldfish pond, goldfish after the construction of the hospital, the one spot. Accordingly, gold fish pond downstairs on the location of wave should be small, Simon, son get flowers are sterile market area, from the Song to Qing beginning here should be the people watching goldfish Jiaxing place. Northern Song Dynasty, there are many famous attractions such as the goldfish pond reciting poetry, according to various poetic, then Jiaxing has goldfish.蘇東坡在杭時作詩中有表達(dá)喜愛金魚的詩句，過去曾認(rèn)為是金魚見于記錄之始，其實(shí)嘉興始見金魚的記錄在北宋初，比蘇詩所記約早一百年，為我國最早。Su Hang Time in the expression of poetry in verses like goldfish, goldfish seen in the past that is recorded at the beginning, in fact, see the goldfish in Jiaxing records began in the early Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi is written about more than one hundred years earlier, as the earliest.金魚現(xiàn)品種紛繁，已遍布全國乃至海外，成為商品觀賞魚，歷代名人題詠和民間傳說很多，但很少有人了解金魚發(fā)現(xiàn)的歷史，知道金魚原產(chǎn)地在嘉興南湖區(qū)。建議開展對金魚的研究，在金魚原產(chǎn)地育子弄花鳥市場一帶地塊開發(fā)時，可考慮金魚池重建，同時進(jìn)行金魚原產(chǎn)地的品牌申報(bào)和保護(hù)。Numerous varieties of goldfish have been all over the country and even overseas, become a commodity ornamental fish, ancient folklore, many celebrities and the Ode, but few know the history of goldfish was found, that goldfish in jiaxin nanhu district of origin. Proposed to carry out research on goldfish in goldfish origin Ikuko get around the block development when the bird market, consider gold fish pond reconstruction, at the same time goldfish brand origin declaration and protection.金魚與杭州(Goldfish and Hangzhou)杭州是我國金魚的發(fā)源地之一。據(jù)記載最早放養(yǎng)金魚的是浙江嘉興的南湖，爾后，杭州六和塔開化寺、南屏山下興教寺的水池內(nèi)都有金魚放生。而金魚人工養(yǎng)殖的起源于南宋時期的杭州，宋高宗興建養(yǎng)魚池，廣集各地金魚以供觀賞，這就是宮廷金魚，后流傳到上海、鎮(zhèn)江、北京、天津等地。到了明朝金魚已達(dá)興盛時期，1502年明神宗時期，我國金魚開始出口到日本，十七世紀(jì)輸入葡萄牙，十八世紀(jì)中葉傳入美國， 以后在日本形成了第一代藍(lán)壽，在印度培育出第一代金黃色珍珠鱗，金魚已成為舉世聞名的觀賞魚類。Hangzhou is the birthplace of one of our goldfish. It is recorded that the first stocking goldfish is the South Lake in Jiaxing, Zhejiang, later, to open Temple Pagoda of Six Harmonies, Hangzhou, Nanping Yamashita Xingjiao Temple has a goldfish pond in release. The origins of artificial breeding goldfish in the Southern Song Dynasty in Hangzhou, Gaozong build fish ponds, gather around for ornamental goldfish, and this is the palace of goldfish, after the spread to Shanghai, Zhenjiang, Beijing and Tianjin. In the Ming dynasty reached goldfish prosperous period in 1502 during the Ming emperor Shen-tsung, China began to export to Japan goldfish, enter the seventeenth century Portugal, the mid-eighteenth century into the U.S., after the formation of the first generation in Japan, blue life, cultivated in India, the first golden yellow pearl scale generation, goldfish, ornamental fish has become world famous.最早杭州人養(yǎng)金魚用的是池，后來逐步過度到用木盆、瓦盆、攤缸、面缸、黃沙缸、荷花缸等，經(jīng)過培育變異的金魚觀賞性得到了加強(qiáng)，現(xiàn)代又發(fā)展到用水泥池、玻璃缸、水族箱等，養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)、模式都有了很大改變。解放后，特別是60、70年代，杭州金魚經(jīng)園林工人的培育，品種迅速增加，除了望天眼（Celetrial-eye)、龍睛(Moor)、珍珠(Pearlscale)、水泡眼(bubble-eye)、鵝頭紅(Goosehead)、翻鰓(Curled opercula)、絨球(pompons)、紅頭(Red Head)、獅子頭(Tigerhead)等，還培育出了如“瑪瑙眼”、“鶴頂紅”、“王字虎頭”、“墨龍睛”等金魚珍品。 80年代起杭州金魚轉(zhuǎn)入以生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營為主，金魚事業(yè)養(yǎng)殖、觀賞、經(jīng)營、出口蒸蒸日上，品種多達(dá)180多種，達(dá)到了杭州金魚發(fā)展的鼎盛時期，在一定程度上成了國內(nèi)的金魚品種、種苗基地。悠久的歷史、豐富的金魚文化和高超的養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)，奠定了杭州在中國金魚發(fā)展史上地位中國二大金魚流派之一。Hangzhou who first used the goldfish pond, then gradually over the use of tubs, Wapen, share tank, side tanks, sand tanks, lotus-cylinder and so on, through the cultivation of ornamental goldfish mutations have been strengthened, modern and developed to with a cement pond, aquarium, aquarium, etc., farming techniques, modes of great change. After the liberation, especially in 60,70 years, Hangzhou garden workers through the cultivation of goldfish varieties increased rapidly, in addition to heaven eye (Celetrial-eye), dragon eye (Moor), Pearl (Pearlscale), Bubble Eye (bubble-eye), goose red (Goosehead), turn gill (Curled opercula), flocculus (pompons), red-headed (Red Head), lion head (Tigerhead), etc., but also nurtured, such as agate eyes, He Dinghong Wang word tigers head , Molong eyes and other treasures goldfish. 80 goldfish from Hangzhou to production and operation into the main cause of goldfish - cultivation, recreation, business, exports booming, up more than 180 kinds of species, reached its peak development in Hangzhou goldfish, to a certain extent, become a sort of goldfish varieties, seed base. Long history, rich culture and superb goldfish breeding techniques, laid the history of the development of Hangzhou in China, the status of goldfish - one of Chinas second largest school of goldfish.說起慶春路六咳巷口 “烏龜老頭”、鼓樓“大獅子巷”，老杭州都知道，那一個是挑著金魚擔(dān)、擺著金魚攤的老頭，還有一個是杭州養(yǎng)金魚集中的場所，伴隨著他們度過了那難忘的時光。還有岳王路的花鳥市場、西湖“玉泉觀魚”、“花港觀魚”等風(fēng)景點(diǎn)，池養(yǎng)、盆養(yǎng)的各式金魚，都給來杭州的訪客留下深刻的印象。杭州金魚與龍井茶、杭州絲綢、杭白菊、杭州刺繡、西湖綢傘、西湖藕粉、西湖莼菜等一起作為杭州傳統(tǒng)名產(chǎn)、工藝品或土特產(chǎn)的代表向中外游客展示著她自身的魅力。而且金魚也很多次成為杭州的象征，2002年西博會的吉祥物就是一條可愛的金魚。杭州金魚文化源遠(yuǎn)流長，金魚與杭州已融為一體。Speaking of cough alley Qingchun Road 6, turtle old man, Drum Great Lion Lane, the old Hangzhou know, that one is worried lug goldfish, goldfish share them the old man, there is a concentration of Hangzhou goldfish place, along with that they spent a memorable time. There yuewang Flower Market Road, West Lake Yuquan Story, Huagangguanyu and other scenic spots, pond, basin to support the kinds of goldfish, gave visitors to Hangzhou impressed. Goldfish with Longjing tea in Hangzhou, Hangzhou silk, Chrysanthemum, Hangzhou Embroidery, West Lake silk umbrellas, West Lake Lotus Root Powder, Hangzhou West Lake water shield, as with traditional famous dishes, crafts or souvenirs of foreign visitors to the show on behalf of her own charm. And goldfish are also many times as the symbol of Hangzhou, West Lake Expo 2002, the mascot is a cute goldfish. Goldfish culture has a long history of Hangzhou, Hangzhou has been integrated with the goldfish.金魚與北京(Goldfish and Beijing)北京飼養(yǎng)金魚有年頭了，據(jù)說早在元代京城的太液池等處飼養(yǎng)金魚，還在崇文門外、天壇北面，有一處京南低洼之處建立了金魚池。到了明代時京城養(yǎng)金魚之風(fēng)為最盛，到清代時這里有了上百個養(yǎng)魚池，隨之也形成了專門飼養(yǎng)金魚的行業(yè)。他們將最好的品種進(jìn)貢于朝廷，余下的金魚就上市叫賣，成為那時王公、貴族、大小官員、商賈以及平民百姓在自家庭院中不可缺少的擺設(shè)，無論是大宅院及普通小院落里都有魚缸陳設(shè)，養(yǎng)金魚在京城中蔚然成風(fēng)。舊時飼養(yǎng)金魚成為北京一景，以至于京城大街小巷都有挑著倆大木盆的小販滿世界吆喝：“大小噢金魚來嘍！” Beijing keeping goldfish very old, is said to be too early in the Yuan Dynasty capital of the liquid feeding goldfish pond, etc., also Chongwen outside the Temple of the north, there is a low-lying between the South Beijing established a gold fish pond. To the Ming Dynasty capital of goldfish when the wind as the height, to the Qing Dynasty has been here hundreds of fish ponds, and with it the formation of a special feeding goldfish in the industry. They will be the best tribute varieties in the court, remaining on the market selling goldfish, as when kings, nobles, the size of government officials, merchants and ordinary people indispensable in their own garden furnishings, large houses and small courtyards general have fish tank display, goldfish become common practice in the capital of. Old feeding goldfish into a scene Beijing, so that the capital has a lug both Tai tubs streets of hawkers all over the world cry out: Oh, the size of goldfish to another!崇文門外的金魚池便產(chǎn)生了許多專門從事繁殖金魚的專業(yè)戶，在民國時期這里還曾出現(xiàn)過大的魚莊。 Chongwen gold fish pond outside it generated a lot of specialized households specializing in breeding goldfish, here in the Republic of China also exhibited large Yuzhuang.金魚成了北京的特產(chǎn)，這些專業(yè)飼養(yǎng)繁殖金魚的人員，他們利用鯽魚或鯉魚通過人工培育的方法，使其改變原來的形態(tài)，使魚尾鰭發(fā)生變化，變大或分岔，眼睛變得突出、翻眼、或水泡眼，體型也由扁長變?yōu)閳A形，魚身的顏色也從金黃色發(fā)展成各種人們所希望的顏色。自然環(huán)境中沒有這些品種，所以培養(yǎng)繁育出這些金魚特別難伺候，并不易傳宗接代。 Beijing has become a specialty of goldfish, goldfish breeding, these professionals, who use carp or carp cultivation by artificial means, to change the original form, so that changes in the fish caudal fin, larger, or bifurcation, the eyes become prominent , turned eyes, or blisters eyes, and also by compressed into a circular, fish body color from golden yellow variety of people into the desired color. The natural environment without these species, so development of the breeding of these special Nansi Hou goldfish, is not easy to continue the family line京城的百姓們稱這種為“龍睛魚”。龍睛魚是金魚池一帶專業(yè)養(yǎng)殖戶們所培養(yǎng)的，體長有一尺左右，眼睛大多凸起，所以稱為“龍睛魚”。其顏色有紅色、金黃色，也有黑色、藍(lán)色、白色、黃白色和帶有各種花斑的。紅色龍睛魚全身皆紅，十分耀眼，特別招人喜愛，也有紅、白均有的雜色魚，也有全身整條皆為黑色的被稱為墨花睛魚，它全身漆黑，受到人們的青睞。其它還有藍(lán)色、紫色的龍睛魚，這些都是十分名貴的品種。其它還有叫望天、虎頭、絨球、水泡眼等品種，這些也較為稀有，也有一些體型短粗的龍睛魚，體態(tài)像個圓球，因其體態(tài)像鴨蛋，人們叫它蛋魚。 Beijings people have called this the Dragon-eye fish. Dragon-eye fish gold fish pond area farmers who have professional training, about a foot in length, most eyes bulge, so called Dragon-eye fish. The colors red, yellow, and black, blue, white, yellow white and with a variety of piebald. Red Dragon-eye fish body are red, very bright, in particular, the darling, there are red and white are the variegated fish, but also the whole body are all black ink flower known as the eyes of fish, it entirely black, by the people favor. Others are blue, purple eye dragon fish, which are very valuable species. Other well known to heaven and Steller, pompons, bubble eyes and other varieties, these are relatively rare, there are some short and thick body dragon eyes of fish, body like a ball, its body like a duck, people called it the fish eggs .一般沿街或在胡同里叫賣的小販們所叫賣的金魚，體型較小，和鯽魚鯉魚體型上差別不是很大，也有尾鰭開始分岔的，但體型都較小，顏色以紅色為主，也有紅、墨、花白等品種。這些魚身長不過幾寸，售價(jià)很便宜，也好飼養(yǎng)、皮實(shí)。這種魚一般都是郊區(qū)農(nóng)民飼養(yǎng)的。一般人家買上幾條放在魚缸里作為擺設(shè)或給小孩子玩。也有住戶把魚養(yǎng)在水缸里，被喻為“年年有余”。Generally along the street or in the alley selling by hawkers selling their goldfish, smaller, and crucian carp the size difference is not great, but also branched caudal fin beginning, but the size is smaller, color mainly in red, but also Red, ink, gray and other varieties. Few inches in length, but these fish, priced very cheap, beating feeding, rugged. The fish are usually kept in suburban farmers. People generally buy a few on the fish tank as a decoration or for children to play. There are residents to fish kept in a vat, known as the annual surplus.名貴的金魚是十分嬌貴難養(yǎng)的。京城大的公園如中山公園、北海公園、文化宮后河，都曾有專門的魚把式伺候它，每天要曬水、換水、打撈魚蟲等活計(jì)。養(yǎng)魚的水要在陽光下暴曬三四天才能用，喂養(yǎng)時要按魚的大小來喂食。每年金魚產(chǎn)卵季節(jié)，還要在魚缸中放一種水草或棕，以便金魚產(chǎn)卵在草上，小魚孵化后還要按類分盆，以免串種和大魚誤食小魚。 The goldfish is a very delicate precious hard for a pet. Capital large parks such as Zhongshan Park, Beihai Park, the Cultural Palace after the river, the fish have a special skill wait on it, drying the water each day, changing the water, fishing, fish and