大松雞與鳥類生物多樣性驗(yàn)證保護(hù)傘物種概念.doc

國(guó)立臺(tái)灣大學(xué)生態(tài)學(xué)與演化生物學(xué)研究所碩、博士專題討論摘要 日期：2006年11月17日題目：大松雞與鳥類生物多樣性：驗(yàn)證保護(hù)傘物種概念作者：Werner Suter, Roland F. Graf, and Ruedi Hess出處：Conservation Biology 16(3), 778 788 (2002)講者：歐恒佑摘要：近年來，生物多樣性的急速喪失逐漸被大家所重視，但人們往往因?yàn)橘Y源上的限制，而只能針對(duì)單一物種進(jìn)行保育工作，並希望能夠藉此同時(shí)保護(hù)其他在同一群集的物種。像這類的保護(hù)傘物種應(yīng)該同時(shí)具有廣大且與其他物種相似的棲地需求。雖然保護(hù)傘物種概念經(jīng)常被應(yīng)用在森林管理上，但卻鮮少被驗(yàn)證。大松雞（Tetrao urogallus）是松雞科中最大的一種，由於牠在中歐的棲地正急速消失中，因此牠已被列入紅皮書物種之一。有些森林管理者認(rèn)為大松雞能夠作為一種很好的保護(hù)傘物種。作者分析大松雞的存在與鳥類的生物多樣性之間的關(guān)係，並尋找兩者是否對(duì)同樣的棲地結(jié)構(gòu)屬性有關(guān)聯(lián)性，藉此驗(yàn)證牠在瑞士山區(qū)作為保護(hù)傘物種的可行性。有大松雞的研究點(diǎn)並未比沒有大松雞的研究點(diǎn)具有顯著較多的鳥類多樣性，但對(duì)於常出現(xiàn)在半山腰森林的山區(qū)鳥種及在紅皮書上的鳥類而言，牠們的物種豐度及豐量在有大松雞的區(qū)域均顯著較高。大松雞與山區(qū)鳥種均對(duì)具有中度開闊度、多樹層、生態(tài)交錯(cuò)環(huán)境、及豐富的杜鵑花科灌叢這樣的森林結(jié)構(gòu)有正向的反應(yīng)。因此，大松雞可能是有效的保護(hù)傘物種。參考文獻(xiàn)：Caro, T.M., and G. ODoherty. 1999. On the use of surrogate species in conservation biology. Conservation Biology 13:805-814.Topic:Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and Avian Biodiversity: Testing the Umbrella-Species ConceptAuthors:Werner Suter, Roland F. Graf, and Ruedi HessJournal:Conservation Biology 16(3), 778 788 (2002)Speaker:Heng-Yu OuAbstract:Recently, the sorely decreasing of biodiversity is emphasized by everyone by degrees. Because of resources limitation, however, biodiversity conservation practice is often only directed to single species in the hope that this will simultaneously benefit other species in the same community. Such umbrella species should therefore have habitat requirements that are expanse and similar to those of the other species. The umbrella-species concept is often applied in forest management yet rarely tested beforehand. The Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) is a large forest grouse, and it had been a red-list species because of the quickly declining of its habitat in Central Europe. Some forestry managers believe that it could be a good umbrella species. The authors tested its usefulness as an umbrella species in the Swiss Prealps by analyzing relationships between Capercaillie occurrence and avian biodiversity and asked whether both were associated with the same habitat-structure parameters. Study plots with Capercaillie did not hold significantly higher bird diversity than plots without the grouse. However, the species richness and abundance of birds that are more or less restricted to subalpine forests (mountain birds) and that at the same time are on the red list was considerably higher in Capercaillie plots than in those without Capercaillie. Both Capercaillie and mountain birds responded positively to forest structure characterized by intermediate openness, multistoried tree layer, presence of ecotonal conditions, and abundant cover of ericaceous shrubs. Capercaillie may therefore be a useful umbrella specie