英語學(xué)習(xí)_英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)_必備.doc

棄我去者，昨日之日不可留亂我心者，今日之日多煩憂英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個(gè)基本句式。這五個(gè)基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個(gè)基本句式生成的。這五個(gè)基本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十F主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)說明：S主語；V謂語；P表語；O賓語；O1間接賓語；O2直接賓語；C賓語補(bǔ)足語五個(gè)基本句式詳細(xì)解釋如下：1S十V句式在此句式中，V是不及物動(dòng)詞，又叫自動(dòng)詞(vi)。例如：He runs quickly他跑得快。They listened carefully他們聽得很仔細(xì)。He suffered from cold and hunger他挨凍受餓。China belongs to the third world country中國屬于第三世界國家。The gas has given out煤氣用完了。My ink has run out我的鋼筆水用完了。2S十V十P句式在此句式中，V是系動(dòng)詞(link v)，常見的系動(dòng)詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：He is older than he looks他比看上去要老。He seen interested in the book他似乎對(duì)這本書感興趣。The story sounds interesting這個(gè)故事聽起來有趣。The desk feels hard書桌摸起來很硬。The cake tastes nice餅嘗起來很香。The flowers smell sweet and nicc花聞起來香甜。You have grown taller than before你長得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill他突然病倒了。He stood quite still他靜靜地站看。He becomes a teacher when he grew up他長大后當(dāng)了教師。He could never turn traitor to his country他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)背叛他的祖國。注意：有些動(dòng)詞同時(shí)也是及物動(dòng)詞，可構(gòu)成SVO句式，例如：He looked me up and down他上下打量我。He reached his hand to feel the elephant他伸出手來摸象。They are tasting the fish他們?cè)谄穱L魚。They grow rice in their home town他們?cè)诩亦l(xiāng)種水稻。Hes got a chair to sit on他有椅子坐。Please turn the sentence into English請(qǐng)把這個(gè)句于澤成英語。3S十V十O句式在此句式中，V是及物動(dòng)詞(vt)，因此有賓語。例如：I saw a film yesterday我昨天看了一部電影。 Have you read the story? 你讀過這個(gè)故事嗎?They found their home easily他們很容易找到他們的家。They built a house last year他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔印heyve put up a factory in the village他們?cè)诖謇锝艘蛔S。They have taken good care of the children這些孩子他們照看得很好。You should look after your children well你應(yīng)該好好照看你的孩子。4S十V十O1十O2句式在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞。常見的須帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如：He gave me a book/a book to me他給我一本書。He brought me a pen/a pen to me他帶給我一枝鋼筆。He offered me his seat/his seat to me他把座位讓給我。注意下邊動(dòng)詞改寫后介詞的變化：Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 媽媽給我買了一本書。He got me a chair/a chair for me他給我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me請(qǐng)幫我一下。He asked me a question/a question of me他問我個(gè)問題。注意，下邊動(dòng)詞只有一種說法：They robbed the old man of his money他們搶了老人的錢。Hes warned me of the danger. 他警告我注意危險(xiǎn)。The doctor has cured him of his disease醫(yī)生治好了他的病。We must rid the house of th erats我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠。They deprived him of his right to speak他們剝奪了他說話的權(quán)利。5S十V十O十C句式在此句式中，V是有賓語補(bǔ)足語的及物動(dòng)詞。常帶賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞常見的可接賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞很多，哪些動(dòng)詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補(bǔ)，須根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的慣用法而定，不能統(tǒng)而概論。請(qǐng)看下面的例子。They made the girl angry他們使這個(gè)女孩生氣了。They found her happy that day他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。I found him out我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。I saw him in我見他在家。They saw a foot mark in the sand他們發(fā)現(xiàn)沙地上有腳印。They named the boy Charlie他們給這個(gè)男孩起名為查理。I saw him come in and go out我見他進(jìn)來又出去。They