木材英語(yǔ).doc

木材英語(yǔ)植物分類 plant classification裸子植物 gymnosperms被子植物 angiosperms雙子葉植物 dicotyledons單子葉植物 monocotyledons針葉樹(shù) coniferous tree; conifer闊葉樹(shù) broad-leaved tree; deciduous tree軟材，針葉樹(shù)材 soft wood 硬材，闊葉樹(shù)材 hard wood 木本植物種類 kinds of woody plants樹(shù)木 tree灌木 shrub rb木質(zhì)藤本植物 woody liana; woody climber維管植物 vascular plant 商用木材 commercial timber幼齡材 young tree老齡材 old tree木質(zhì)莖 woody stem細(xì)胞 cell組織 tissue支持組織 supporting tissue 儲(chǔ)存組織 storage tissue輸導(dǎo)組織 conducting tissue樹(shù)干 stem; trunk; bole樹(shù)根 root主枝 limb分枝 branch小枝 branchlet側(cè)向支根 lateral branch root 小根 rootlet根系 root system分生組織 meristematic tissue 永久組織 permanent tissue生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn) terminal growing point; apical growing point原分生組織 promeristem頂端分生組織 apical meristem初生分生組織 primary meristem表皮原 dermatogen皮層原 periblem中柱原 plerome原形成層 procambium表皮 epidermis皮層 cortex中柱 central core stele髓 pith形成層 cambium初生韌皮部 primary phloem初生木質(zhì)部 primary xylem初生長(zhǎng) primary growth初生組織 primary tissue高生長(zhǎng) elongation; elongation of tree stem; height growth母細(xì)胞 mother cell子細(xì)胞 daughter cell次生木質(zhì)部 secondary xylem; secondary wood次生韌皮部 secondary phloem周皮 periderm北半球 northern hemisphere溫帶樹(shù)木 temperate-zone tree季節(jié)性活動(dòng) seasonal activity形成層活動(dòng) cambial activity生長(zhǎng)輪 growth ring年輪 annual ring木質(zhì)部分子 xylem element韌皮部分子 phloem element木質(zhì)部（木材） xylem(wood)韌皮部（內(nèi)皮） phloem(inner bark)尖削度 taper植物生長(zhǎng)激素 plant growth hormone; auxin熱帶木材 tropical wood國(guó)產(chǎn)木材 domestic wood粗視木材特征 gross structure features橫切面 cross section徑切面 radial section弦切面 tangential section成熟樹(shù)干 mature trunk死皮（外皮） dead (outer)bark活皮（內(nèi)皮） living(inner)bark邊材 sapwood心材 heartwood正常心材 normal heart wood 受傷心材 wound heartwood假心材 false heartwood內(nèi)含邊材 included sapwood 邊材樹(shù)種 sapwood tree熟材樹(shù)種 ripewood tree 生長(zhǎng)輪 growth increment早材 early wood; springwood 晚材 late wood ;summerwood正常年輪 ring of normal type; normal growth increment非正常年輪 ring of abnormal type不連續(xù)年輪 discontinuous ring假年輪 false ring木射線 wood ray; xylary ray髓射線 pith ray木射線肉眼下不明顯 rays indistinct to the naked eye木射線肉眼下明顯 rays distinct to the naked eye寬木射線 broad ray疊生木射線 storied ray薄壁組織 parenchyma射線薄壁組織 ray parenchyma軸向薄壁組織 longitudinal parenchyma上皮薄壁組織 epithelial parenchyma離管型薄壁組織 apotracheal parenchyma星散狀薄壁組織 diffuse parenchyma輪界狀薄壁組織 terminal parenchyma切線狀薄壁組織 metatracheal parenchyma寬帶狀薄壁組織 broad-bands parenchyma傍管狀薄壁組織 paratracheal parenchyma環(huán)管狀薄壁組織 vasicentric parenchyma翼狀薄壁組織 aliform parenchyma聚翼狀薄壁組織 confluent parenchyma無(wú)孔材 nonporous wood 有孔材 porous wood 環(huán)孔材 ring porous wood 散孔材 diffuse porous wood 半散孔材 semi-diffuse porous wood半環(huán)孔材 semi-ring porous wood 胞間道 intercellular canal(or duct)樹(shù)脂道 resin canal正常樹(shù)脂道 normal resin canal創(chuàng)傷樹(shù)脂道 traumatic canal髓斑 pith fleck 結(jié)構(gòu) texture細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu) fine texture粗結(jié)構(gòu) coarse texture均勻結(jié)構(gòu) even texture 不均勻結(jié)構(gòu) uneven texture紋理 grain直紋理 straight grain螺旋紋理 spiral grain 材色 color光澤 luster氣味 odor健全材 sound wood滋味 taste重量 weight最輕木 the lightest wood 最重木 the heaviest wood 硬度 hardness軟 soft 中硬 medium hard甚硬 very hard 徑切板 quartersawn lumber弦切板 flatsawn lumber木材細(xì)胞 woody cell; wood element 軸向組織 longitudinal(axial)tissue徑向組織 horizontal(ray)tissue垂周分裂 anticlinal division平周分裂 periclinal division 紡錘形原始細(xì)胞 fusiform initial形成層射線原始細(xì)胞 cambial ray initial細(xì)胞壁 cell wall多糖成分 polysaccharide fraction纖維素 cellulose半纖維素 hemicellulose木素 lignin初生壁 primary cell wall 次生壁 secondary cell wall 胞間層 true middle lamella復(fù)胞間層 compound lamella瘤狀沉積 warty deposit瘤狀結(jié)構(gòu) wart structure 木質(zhì)化 lignification纖維絲 microfibril纖維絲角 microfibrillar angle結(jié)晶區(qū) crystalline(crystallite)area非結(jié)晶區(qū) amorphous area (region)基本纖維 elementary fibril纖絲 fibril 細(xì)胞壁化學(xué)成分 chemical constituents in the cell wall紋孔式 pitting單紋孔 single pit具緣紋孔 bordered pit紋孔對(duì) pit pair半具緣紋孔對(duì) half-bordered pit pair具緣紋孔對(duì) bordered pit pair單紋孔對(duì) simple pit pair互補(bǔ)紋孔 complementary pit 胞間隙 intercellular space紋孔膜 pit membrane紋孔腔 pit cavity紋孔室 pit chamber紋孔緣 pit border紋孔環(huán) pit annulus紋孔塞 torus塞緣 margo紋孔道 pit canal紋孔外口 outer aperture紋孔內(nèi)口 inner aperture內(nèi)含紋孔口 include aperture外延紋孔口 extended aperture細(xì)胞壁加厚 thickening of the cell wall 紋孔加厚 spiral thickening附物紋孔 vestured pitting隔膜 Septa (septum的復(fù)數(shù))木素碳水化合物 Lignin-carbohydratic complex木材解剖(學(xué)) wood anatomy 管胞 tracheid軸向管胞 longitudinal tracheid 徑列條 trabecula(trabecubae)澳柏型加厚 callitrisoid thickening眉條 crassulae軸向索狀管胞 longitudinal strand tracheid交叉場(chǎng) cross field 窗格狀紋孔對(duì) window-like pit pair 松型紋孔對(duì) pinoid pit pair 云杉型紋孔對(duì) piceoid pit pair杉木型紋孔對(duì) taxidioid pit pair柏木型紋孔對(duì) cupressiod pit pair射線管胞 ray tracheid 硬松 hard pine軟松 soft pine 齒狀突起 dentate單列射線 uniseriate ray 紡錘型射線 fusiform ray 結(jié)晶細(xì)胞 crystal-bearing cell上皮細(xì)胞 epithelial cell 導(dǎo)管分子 vessel element(member segment)管孔 pore穿孔 perforation單管孔 solitary pore復(fù)管孔 multiple pore 管孔鏈 pore chain管孔團(tuán) pore cluster單穿孔 simple perforation梯狀穿孔 scalariform perforation互列紋孔式 alternate pitting對(duì)列紋孔式 opposite pitting梯紋孔式 scalariform pitting侵填體 tylosis(pl.tyloses)樹(shù)膠 gum闊葉樹(shù)材管胞 hardwood tracheid維管管胞 vascular tracheid 環(huán)管管胞 vasicentric tracheid纖維 fiber纖維狀管胞 fiber tracheid韌型纖維 libriform fiber膠質(zhì)木纖維 gelatinous fiber橫臥射線細(xì)胞 procumbent ray cell直立射線細(xì)胞 upright ray cell 同形射線 homogeneous(homocellular) ray 異形射線 (heterogeneous)heterocellular ray聚合木射線 aggregate ray油細(xì)胞 oil cell正常樹(shù)膠道 normal gum canal創(chuàng)傷樹(shù)膠道 traumatic gum canal 主要成分 primary components綜纖維 holocellulose非纖維素多糖 noncellulosic polysaccharides次要成分 secondary components單寧（鞣質(zhì)） tannins膠乳 latex染料 dye著色物質(zhì) coloring material灰分 ash纖維素分子鏈 cellulose chain吡喃葡萄糖 glucopyranose纖維二糖 cellobilose大分子 macromolecule聚合度 degree of polymerization戊聚糖 pentosan木聚糖 xylan4-甲基葡萄糖醛酸 4-methylglucuronic acid 半乳糖 galactose阿拉伯糖 arabinose葡萄糖 glucose甘露糖 mannose半乳葡甘露聚糖 galactoglucomannan苯丙烷 phenylpropane紫丁香基丙烷單元 syringyl unit 愈瘡木基丙烷單元 guaiacyl unit對(duì)羥苯基丙烷 p-hydroxyphenyl propane unit抽提物 extractive聚酚 polyphenol香油樹(shù)脂、含油樹(shù)脂 oleoresin木材松節(jié)油 wood turpentin松香 rosin密度 density 比重 specific gravity孔隙率 porosity晚材率 summerwood percentage水銀測(cè)容器 apparatus for determination of density by immersion in mercury排水測(cè)容法 determining volume by weighing before and after immersing the wood sample基本密度 basic density生材密度 green density; density of green wood 絕干密度 oven-dry density絕干重 oven-dry weight絕干狀態(tài) oven-dried condition氣干密度 air-dried density 氣干材 air-dried wood 氣干狀態(tài) air-dried condition木材實(shí)質(zhì)密度 density of dry wood substance; cell wall density木材含水率 moisture content of wood (or M.C)爐干法 oven-drying method蒸餾法 distillation method 含水率測(cè)定儀 electrical moisture meter吸著水 bound water自由水 free water平衡含水率 equilibrium moisture content(or E.M.C.)吸濕 adsorption解吸 desorption吸濕滯后 sorption hysteresis纖維飽和點(diǎn) fiber saturation point(or F.S.P.)木材最大含水率 maximum moisture content of wood 收縮 shrinkage膨脹 swelling最大體積收縮和膨脹 maximum volumetric shrinkage and swelling徑向收縮 radial shrinkage弦向收縮 tangential shrinkage干縮差異 ratio of tangential shrinkage to radial shrinkage縱向收縮 longitudinal shrinkage 干縮系數(shù) coefficient of shrinkage 熱膨脹系數(shù) coefficient of thermal expansion木材的比熱 specific heat of wood 木材的熱傳導(dǎo) thermal conductivity of wood 熱導(dǎo)率 thermal conductivity 木材的導(dǎo)溫 diffusivity of wood 木材的直流電性質(zhì) direct-current properties of wood 電阻 electrical resistance電傳導(dǎo) electrical conductivity電導(dǎo)率 conductivity木材的交流電性質(zhì) alternating-current properties of wood介電常數(shù) dielectric constant 功率因素 power factor 極性分子 polar molecule木材的壓電性質(zhì) piezoelectric properties of wood 電阻型木材含水率測(cè)定儀 resistance-type moisture meter電容及射頻 capacity and radio-frequency 含水率測(cè)定儀 power-loss type moisture meter木材的聲學(xué)性質(zhì) acoustical properties of wood 木材中的聲傳播 sound transmission in wood 木材的聲速 sound velocity in wood 木材的聲波阻抗 sound wave resistance in wood 聲輻射阻尼 damping of sound radiation內(nèi)摩擦 internal friction 空間聲學(xué) acoustics of space聲能 sound energy隔音 sound transmission loss; separating noise source吸聲 absorbing sound within a space聲反射 reflection of sound 聲壓 sound pressure木材調(diào)濕 humidity conditioned by wood 色度測(cè)定 quantitative color measurement木材色度 color characterization of wood木材表面性質(zhì) surface properties of wood 木材的觸覺(jué)特性 touchable characteristics of wood 木材的視覺(jué)特性 visible characteristics of wood 木材流變學(xué) rheology of wood 流變模型 rheological model 彈性 elasticity彈性模量 modulus of elasticity塑性 plasticity 蠕變 creep 蠕變恢復(fù) creep recovery 疲勞 fatigue 剛性模量 modulus of rigidity 變形 deformation應(yīng)變 stain 應(yīng)力 stress 應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線 stress-strain curve 載荷 loading 卸載 unloading 彈性變形 elastic deformation 各向異性 anisotropy正交對(duì)稱性 rhombic symmetry 彈性常數(shù) systems of elastic constant 彈性常數(shù) elastic constant 對(duì)稱軸 axis of symmetry分應(yīng)力 stress component 分應(yīng)變 strain component柔度 compliance 木材彈性異向性 the anisotropic elasticity of wood 泊松比 poissons ratio體積模量 bulk modulus理想彈性變形 ideal elastic deformation粘滯流動(dòng)變形 viscous flow deformation 彈性單元 elastic element 粘性單元 viscous element 流變曲線 flow curve 拉伸 tension 壓縮 compression 彎曲 bending 木材抗彎強(qiáng)度 bending strength of wood 木材靜曲彈性模量 the modulus of elasticity in static bending of w木材順紋抗剪強(qiáng)度 shearing strength parallel to grain of wood 木材順紋抗拉強(qiáng)度 tensile strength parallel to grain of wood 木材順紋抗壓強(qiáng)度 compressive strength parallel to grain of wood 木材橫紋壓力 compression perpendicular to grain of wood 木材橫紋抗壓彈性模量 modulus of elasticity in compression perpendicular to grain of wood 木材沖擊韌性 toughness of wood 木材硬度 hardness of wood 木材抗劈強(qiáng)度 cleavage strength of wood 靜力實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定 determination by static test 動(dòng)態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定 determination by dynamic test 無(wú)損檢測(cè) nondestructive testing defects of wood原木缺陷 defects in log 鋸材缺陷 saw timber defects knot 節(jié)子 knot活節(jié) live knot 死節(jié) dead knot健全節(jié) sound knot 腐朽節(jié) decay knot ;rotten knot 漏節(jié) seriously decayed knot 圓形節(jié) round knot橢圓行節(jié) oval knot條狀節(jié) splay knot掌狀節(jié) palmate knot隱生節(jié) enclosed knot材邊節(jié) edge knot材面節(jié) face knot材棱節(jié) arris knot變色 stain; discoloration化學(xué)變色 chemical stain真菌變色 fungus stain霉菌變色 discoloration by mould變色菌變色 discoloration caused by stain fungi腐朽節(jié)變色 discoloration caused by decay fungi邊材變色 sap stain青變 blue stain心材變色 heart stain腐朽 decay; rot白腐 white rot褐腐 brown rot; brown decay軟腐 soft rot; soft decay根腐 butt rot干腐 trunk rot初期腐朽 incipient decay中腐 intermediate decay后期腐朽（重腐） final decay; destruction stage蟲(chóng)眼 insect hole表面蟲(chóng)眼和蟲(chóng)溝 surface insect-hole and gallery深蟲(chóng)眼 deep insect hole針孔蟲(chóng)眼 pin hole小蟲(chóng)眼 small insect hole大蟲(chóng)眼 large insect hole蜂窩狀孔洞 honeycomb hole裂紋 shake; check徑裂 heart shake輪裂 ring shake環(huán)裂 round shake弧裂 cup shake凍裂 frost crack干裂 seasoning check; drying shake炸裂 popping劈裂 felling shake端裂 end shake; end check貫通裂 through shake材身縱裂 side shake樹(shù)干形狀缺陷 defects of trunk shape彎曲 curvature單向彎曲 simple curvature尖削 tapering大 root swelling樹(shù)瘤 cancer木材構(gòu)造缺陷 defects of wood structure扭轉(zhuǎn)紋 spiral斜紋 cross grain應(yīng)力木 reaction wood應(yīng)壓木 compression wood應(yīng)拉木 tension wood雙心 double pith脆心 brittle heart樹(shù)脂囊 resin pocket; pith pocket亂紋（交錯(cuò)紋） interlocked grain; cross grain傷疤 damage機(jī)械損傷 mechanical damage鋸口偏斜 deviation of saw kerf采脂傷 blaze抽心 extraction燒傷 char夾皮 inbark; bark pocket內(nèi)夾皮 closed inbark外夾皮 opened bark偏枯 scar樹(shù)包 knob樹(shù)脂漏 resinous wood脆性 brashness樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)應(yīng)力 growth stresses in tree濕材 wet wood微細(xì)壓縮裂隙 minute compression failure木材加工缺陷 defects of process缺棱 wanting arris毛刺糙面 rough saw cut瓦棱狀鋸疤 deep saw mark變形 change in shape翹曲 distortion; warp順彎 bow; camber橫彎 edge bend; crook翹彎 cupping扭曲 twisting; winding方材斷面菱形變形 diamonding木材分等 timber grading主要品質(zhì)因子 primary quality indexes生長(zhǎng)速度 growth rate 慢生長(zhǎng) slow growth快生長(zhǎng) fast growth不同樹(shù)種 different species同種不同樹(shù)株 different individual of the same species樹(shù)株內(nèi)在不同部位 different places in a tree 均勻性 uniformity心材比例 proportion of heartwood纖維長(zhǎng)度 fiber length應(yīng)力木的存在 occurrence of reaction wood幼齡材 juvenile wood成熟材 mature wood幼齡材的比例 proportion of juvenile wood紋理方向 grain orientation木材化學(xué)組成 chemical composition of wood細(xì)胞組成 cellular composition化學(xué)改良 improving properties by chemical 改性木材 modified woods化學(xué)劑保持量 retention 滲透度 penetration 預(yù)處理 pre-treatment 刻痕 incising 木材防腐處理 preservation process of wood 常壓法 non-pressure process涂刷法 brushing 噴射法 spraying 短浸法 dipping 浸泡法 steeping冷浴法 cold soaking 冷熱槽法 hot and cold bath 擴(kuò)散法 diffusion method 加壓法 pressu