中考常用時(shí)態(tài)歸納.doc

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的基本知識(shí)與結(jié)構(gòu)： 概念結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)否定和一般疑問(wèn)句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者行為及目前的某種狀況，還可以用來(lái)表示某個(gè)事情的特點(diǎn)和性質(zhì)。is/ am/ are動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)have/ hasoften，usually，always，never，sometimes，every week，once a week，on Sundays 等主語(yǔ)am/is/are not 主語(yǔ)dont/ doesnt 動(dòng)詞原形Am/Is/Are主語(yǔ)？Do/Does 主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞？一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)，過(guò)去習(xí)慣性經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)。was/ were動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)hadago，yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week/year/month/night，in 1989，just now，at the age of twelve，one day，long long ago 等主語(yǔ)was/werenot . 主語(yǔ)didnt動(dòng)詞原形.Was/Were 主語(yǔ).？ Did主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.？一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)，或者將來(lái)某一段時(shí)間經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)。will/shall 動(dòng)詞原形is/am/ are going to 動(dòng)詞原形tomorrow，next week/month/year，in the future等主語(yǔ)wont 動(dòng)詞原形. 主語(yǔ)isnt/arent +going to動(dòng)詞原形.Will/Shall 主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形.？ Am/Is/Are 主語(yǔ)going to謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.？過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。would/should動(dòng)詞原形was/were goingto動(dòng)詞原形the next day/ week/ month/ year等主語(yǔ)wouldnt /shouldnt動(dòng)詞原形. 主語(yǔ)wasnt/werent +going to動(dòng)詞原形.Would/Should 主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形.？ Was/Were 主語(yǔ)going to謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.？現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或現(xiàn)階段進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行。is/ am/ are現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)now，at this time，at present，these days等主語(yǔ)am/is/are +not現(xiàn)在分詞.Am/Is/Are 主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞.？過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者行為。was/were 現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)then，at that time，at ten last night等主語(yǔ)wasnt/werent 現(xiàn)在分詞. Was/Were 主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞.？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。have/has 過(guò)去分詞(v-ed)already，just，ever，before，never，yet，since，for，so far等主語(yǔ)havent/hasnt過(guò)去分詞. Have/Has主語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞.？過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或者行為。had 過(guò)去分詞(v-ed)by the time, before we got there, after, by the end of 等主語(yǔ)hadnt過(guò)去分詞. Had主語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞.？二、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的中考重點(diǎn)和考點(diǎn)： 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：（1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。經(jīng)常和表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)often，always，usually，sometimes，every day等連用。例如： My sister usually goes to school on foot. 我姐姐經(jīng)常步行去上學(xué)。 We often come to school at six in the morning. 我們經(jīng)常在早上六點(diǎn)到學(xué)校。（2）表示某種習(xí)慣或者能力，也可以表示職業(yè)、特征等。例如： My mother often gets up very early in the morning. This kind of car runs very fast. 這種小汽車(chē)跑得非?？?。描述人或事物的性質(zhì)和特征，如描寫(xiě)某個(gè)人的外貌特征和性格特點(diǎn)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。所以介紹人物、說(shuō)明事物等說(shuō)明文用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： Our school is bigger than yours. 我們的學(xué)校比你們的大。 Our new teacher is young and outgoing. 我們的英語(yǔ)老師即年輕又開(kāi)朗。 This is my father. He is an actor. He likes action movies. He often acts some farmers in the movies.（3）表示客觀事實(shí)、客觀規(guī)律或者客觀真理。例如： This kind of trees never grows in the desert. 這種樹(shù)從來(lái)不在沙漠里生長(zhǎng)。 Do you know that knowledge is power? 你知道知識(shí)就是力量嗎？（4）在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。例如： Theyll be so happy when I tell them. 我告訴他們時(shí)，他們會(huì)很高興的。 If you arent here on time tomorrow, Ill write to your parents. 如果你明天不準(zhǔn)時(shí)到，我就給你父母親寫(xiě)信。注意：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的be動(dòng)詞不能和其它的行為動(dòng)詞連用，這是學(xué)生最容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的地方。例如在下句中is不能和goes連用。所以去掉be動(dòng)詞is。He is often goes to school on foot. 他經(jīng)常步行去上學(xué)。（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)：在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，如果句子的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用其第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。例如：My father often watches TV after dinner at home. 我的爸爸經(jīng)常在晚飯后在家看電視。（2）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)如果是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句要用助動(dòng)詞do，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)用does，doesnt來(lái)構(gòu)成。例如：My little brother doesnt do his homework at school. 我的小弟弟不在學(xué)校做家庭作業(yè)。隨時(shí)練：1. Jim. Youd better go home now. OK! I will go home as soon as I _ my homework.A. will finish B. finishing C. finish D. finishes2. We will climb the hill if it _ tomorrow.A. doesnt rain B. isnt raining C. wont rain D. will rain3. Whats wrong with these noodles? It _ terrible.A. is tasting B. was tasted C. tastes D. tasting4. Have you heard of the story of Holi? It _ like this: there is a bad king whoA. tells B. comes C. goes D. says5. When _ your mother _ to work every day, Mary? Sorry, I really cant remember.A. does; go B. has; gone C. had; gone D. did; go答案： C A C C A2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：（1）表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者過(guò)去經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday，just now，a moment ago，last week/ year/ night，in 1985，in those days，when I was at middle school等連用。例如：They went to college last year. 他們是去年上大學(xué)。We had a good time in the park yesterday. 我們昨天在公園玩得很高興。（2）表示過(guò)去接連發(fā)生的一系列動(dòng)作。例如：We played football first，then went boating and fishing,，and at last had a picnic there. 我們先踢足球，然后去劃船、釣魚(yú)。最后我們?cè)谀抢镆安?。?）在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。She told me that she would not leave until I came back. 她告訴我我回來(lái)她才會(huì)離開(kāi)。注意：（1）表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣做了，也可以用used to +動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表示。例如： I used to get up very late. 我過(guò)去總是起床很晚。（2）如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如： We have made a lot of friends since we came here. 自從我們來(lái)到這里以來(lái)已經(jīng)交了很多的朋友。（3）談?wù)撃橙说某錾掌诮?jīng)常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如： When were you born? 你是什么時(shí)候出生的？ I was born in 1983. 我出生于1983年。(4)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句和疑問(wèn)句，主語(yǔ)不論是第幾人稱(chēng)、不論是單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，其否定和疑問(wèn)形式都是用助動(dòng)詞did構(gòu)成。注意不要丟掉或忘記改后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為原形。這是中考最容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的地方。例如： My father didnt go to movies with my mother yesterday evening. 我爸爸昨天晚上沒(méi)有和我媽媽一起去看電影。（5）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的be動(dòng)詞was/were不能和其它的行為動(dòng)詞連用，這是學(xué)生最容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的地方。例如下句中was不能和did連用。所以去掉be動(dòng)詞was。He was did his homework after dinner last night. 他昨天晚上吃完午飯后做他的家庭作業(yè)。（6）動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種形式。規(guī)則變化是在動(dòng)詞原形的后面加詞尾ed。例如： My mother worked in that factory last month. 我的媽媽上個(gè)月在那家工廠上班。隨時(shí)練：1. When _ your mother _ back? About half an hour ago.A. did；come B. had; come C. do; come D. have; come2. Betty _ to school yesterday because she was ill.A. isnt come B. didnt come C. comes D. doesnt3. _ you _ take a bus to school? Yes. But now I usually go to school on foot.A. Were; used to B. Did; used toC. Do; used to D. Did; use to4. When _ your mother _ you that blue dress, Mary? Sorry, I really cant remember.A. does; buy B. has; bought C. had; bought D. did; buy5. Who told you to take some cameras? Our teacher _. She said we need to take many photos.A. does B. has C. had D. did【答案】 A B D D D 3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： （1）表示說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)候正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now，at present，at this time/ moment等連用。例如：The boys are playing football over there now. 這些男孩子們正在那邊踢足球。My father is watching TV with my mother now. 我的爸爸正在和媽媽一起看電視。在句子中有Look!/Listen! /at this time/ Its six oclock等詞句提示時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：Look! All the boys of our class are playing soccer on the playground. 看！ 我們班所有的男孩都在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。（2）表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作，但不一定在說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行。經(jīng)常與now，these days等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如： I am learning French in Beijing these days. 這些天我正在北京學(xué)法語(yǔ)。（3）一些瞬間動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示“即將”，常有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。常用的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有come，leave，go，arrive，die等。例如： Hurry up! The bus is coming. 快點(diǎn)！公共汽車(chē)馬上就要開(kāi)了。 He is coming back tomorrow. 他明天會(huì)回來(lái)。(4)介紹人物的動(dòng)作、說(shuō)明某一過(guò)程，描寫(xiě)做某事的場(chǎng)面等短文多用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：Its eight now. All of us are planting trees on the hill. Some big boys are digging hard. Some girls are watering the young trees. Our teacher is carrying some water from a little river. What is our monitor doing? Look! He is helping ayoung boy to dig holes. We are all working hard. 現(xiàn)在是八點(diǎn)，我們所有的人都正在山上栽樹(shù)。一些大的男孩們正在努力挖坑，一些女孩們正在澆水，我們的老師正在從小河里抬水。我們的班長(zhǎng)在做什么？看！他正在幫小同學(xué)挖坑。我們都在努力地工作。(5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與頻率副詞always，again等連用，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的某種感情色彩 (贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等)。 The little boy is always making trouble. 這個(gè)小男孩總是惹麻煩。注意：使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn)。（1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)不能丟掉be動(dòng)詞，這是學(xué)生最容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的地方。例如： He swimming with his friends in the river now. 他正在河里面游泳。（少is）（2）動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞是動(dòng)詞v.ing。注意一些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則。例如： swim，run，shop，begin等重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾且只有一個(gè)輔音字母的要雙寫(xiě)詞尾加ing；write，like，live等以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的要去掉字母e再加ing。但是see seeing lie- lying隨時(shí)練：1. listen! Who _ the piano in our classroom? I think it must be our music teacher.A. plays B. is playing C. is play D. played2. Many children like eating some snacks while they _ interesting cartoons on TV.A. watching B. are watching C. watch D. is watch3. Hello! Is that John speaking? Sorry. This is Henry. John _ supper.A. is cooking B. cooked C. cooks D. cooking4. Keep quiet, please. Your father _ in the bedroom. OK, Mum.A. sleep B. sleeping C. is sleeping D. sleeps5. Do you often hear your mother _ in your room? Yes. Listen! She _ in her bedroom now.A. singing; singing B. is singing; singing C. sing; is singingD. sing; sings【答案】 B B A C C 4. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示說(shuō)話(huà)的過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這一特定時(shí)間除了有上下文暗示外，經(jīng)常和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)then，a moment ago，at this time yesterday，at ten last night，at that time/ moment等連用。例如：What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候你正在做什么？I was cooking with my mother. 我正和我媽媽一起做飯。My mother was watching TV at eight last night. 昨天晚上八點(diǎn)我媽媽正在看電視。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：My father was watching TV when I got home last night. 我昨天晚上到家的時(shí)候，我爸爸正在看電視。as，when, while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)為主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作描述一件事發(fā)生的背景。 例如：He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down. 他跳上跳下，弄壞了椅子。隨時(shí)練：1. What _ you _ at seven last night? Oh, I was watching TV.A. did；do B. is；doing C. are；doing D. were；doing2. My mother _ when I got home.A. cook B. cooks C. cooked D. was cooking3. Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes4. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell【答案】D D C B 注意：英語(yǔ)中有四類(lèi)動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))：1.表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞：love 、hate、like、care、please、prefer、know 等。2.表示存在、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如：appear、exist、lie (位于）、remain、seem等。3.表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞see、hear、feel（摸起來(lái)）、smell、sound、taste 4.表示一時(shí)性的動(dòng)詞accept、allow、decide、end、refuse、promise等。例如：On the foot of the mountain lies a small village. 山腳下有一個(gè)小山村。The silk feels soft and smooth. 這種絲綢摸起來(lái)又滑又軟。5. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：幾種一般將來(lái)時(shí)的不同用法：表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如tomorrow，next week/ year/ month，this afternoon/ evening，tonight，in a few days，when he comes等連用。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成：1） will/shall動(dòng)詞原形 2）be going to動(dòng)詞原形。其中shall用于第一人稱(chēng)，will用于第二和第三人稱(chēng)。例如：Ill come and help you tomorrow. 我明天來(lái)幫助你。He will go to Beijing and see his father next week. 他下個(gè)星期去北京看他的爸爸。（1）will +動(dòng)詞原形，表示主觀意愿,未經(jīng)事先精心計(jì)劃或打算，可用于各種人稱(chēng)。例如： There is someone at the door. I will go and open it. 門(mén)口有人，我去開(kāi)門(mén)。 Who will go and help that poor old man? 誰(shuí)去幫助那位可憐的老人？（2）be going to +動(dòng)詞原形，強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃、安排要發(fā)生的事或有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如： He is going to buy a new car next week. 他打算下周買(mǎi)臺(tái)新車(chē)。 Look at the dark clouds. I think it is going to rain soon. 看那些烏云，我想要下雨了。（3）shall +動(dòng)詞原形，主語(yǔ)通常是I或 we并且在肯定句中常被will +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成的將來(lái)時(shí)代替，而在疑問(wèn)句中Shall I./ Shall we.? 常用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn). Shall I /we go fishing tomorrow? 明天去釣魚(yú)怎么樣？ When shall we meet? 我們什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面？（4）一些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí),這些動(dòng)詞有come，go，leave，start，arrive等。例如：Hurry up! The train is leaving. 快點(diǎn)，火車(chē)馬上就要開(kāi)了。注意：（1）shall一般和第一人稱(chēng)的代詞連用構(gòu)成shall I或者shall we的一般疑問(wèn)句，用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方的意圖和愿望，征求別人同意等。例如： Shall we go swimming this afternoon? 今天下午我們?nèi)ビ斡竞脝幔浚?）助動(dòng)詞shall引起的一般疑問(wèn)句征求別人同意時(shí)，回答不能用Yes, you shall或者No, you shall not，應(yīng)該用Yes, please do.或者No, please dont. 例如： Shall I close the window? 我把窗戶(hù)關(guān)上好嗎？ No, please dont.不，別關(guān)。（3）be going to+動(dòng)詞原形，常用來(lái)表示已經(jīng)決定或安排要做的事，也用于表示必然或很可能發(fā)生的事。例如：They are going to finish the work this evening. 他們打算今天晚上完成這項(xiàng)工作。Its going to snow. 要下雪了。隨時(shí)練： 1. The TV show Home with Kids is so wonderful. You shouldnt miss it. If I have time, I _ it.A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen2. When I grow up, I _ to make my parents live happily.A. try B. tried C. will try D. have tried3. You have left with the lights on in your classroom, Jim. Oh, I am sorry. I _ to turn then off right now.A. would B. have gone C. will go D. go4. Dont worry. I _ you as soon as I finish my work.A. helpB. will helpC. helpedD. was helping5. Mr. Smith _ us a talk on computer games next Monday.A. give B. gave C. has given D. is going to give【答案】C C C B D6. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)是以現(xiàn)在為基點(diǎn)看將來(lái)，而過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)則是說(shuō)話(huà)人以過(guò)去某時(shí)為基點(diǎn)看將來(lái)，多用于賓語(yǔ)從句(包括間接引語(yǔ)），表示從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之后。He said that he would ring me at six. 他說(shuō)他將在6點(diǎn)鐘給我打電話(huà)。表示過(guò)去某個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。第一人稱(chēng)用should動(dòng)詞原形，其他人稱(chēng)用would動(dòng)詞原形。也可以用was/were +going +to 動(dòng)詞原形。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)經(jīng)常用在間接引語(yǔ)中，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。I thought you would change your mind. 我原以為你會(huì)改變主意的。Your father said he was going to visit your school next week.你爸爸說(shuō)他下個(gè)星期要到你的學(xué)校參觀。They said they would come the next day. 他們說(shuō)第二天就回來(lái)。7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是中考的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，要特別注意since和for的用法。（1）表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或者結(jié)果，而這種影響或者結(jié)果往往是說(shuō)話(huà)人的興趣所在。常用的狀語(yǔ)有already, yet, not yet, now, just, by this time等。例如： The bus has come here. 公共汽車(chē)已經(jīng)來(lái)了。 Someone has cleaned the window. 有人已經(jīng)擦了窗戶(hù)。（2）表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如today, this week/ month/ summer, lately, recently, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等。例如： We have lived here for two years. 我們?cè)谶@里住了兩年了。 (3) （1）since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示自過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間以來(lái),主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).例如：They have learned two hundred songs since they came here. 自從他們來(lái)這里以來(lái)，已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了二百首歌曲。（2）for和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如： My teacher has taught in this school for ten years. 我們的老師已經(jīng)在這所學(xué)校教了10年書(shū)了。（3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和for/ since時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，這是學(xué)生最容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的地方。例如： He has bought the bike for three years. 他買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)已經(jīng)三年了。這個(gè)句子bought不能和for three years連用，因?yàn)椤百I(mǎi)”這一動(dòng)作不能持續(xù)三年，是一個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)改成had，表示“擁有”了三年。也可改為：He bought the bike three years ago. 他三年前買(mǎi)的這輛自行車(chē)。注意：（1）buy，borrow，die等非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（也稱(chēng)為瞬間動(dòng)詞）的肯定形式一般不能和表示一段時(shí)間的for短語(yǔ)及since短語(yǔ)（或從句）連用，這時(shí)要用相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞代替這些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如：() I have bought the bike for two years. 我買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)兩年了。() I have had the bike for two years. 瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：buyhave stopbe overleavebe away come backbe back borrowkeep diebe dead beginbe onfall asleepbe asleeparrivebe here get upbe up joinbe inbe a member例如：They borrowed the book two weeks ago他們兩個(gè)星期前借的這本書(shū)。 They have kept the book for two weeks A month has passed since he left home. 他離開(kāi)家已經(jīng)一個(gè)月了。 He has been away from home for a month.（2）注意以下表示法的含義及用法：have been (to): 去過(guò)或到過(guò)（某地）（表示某人過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷）have gone (to)：去（某地）了 （現(xiàn)在可能已在某地）have come (to)：來(lái)（某地）了 （現(xiàn)在可能已在某地）have been in +一段時(shí)間: 已在某地一段時(shí)間了例如：He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到過(guò)杭州幾次了。He has gong to Hangzhou, so he cant help us. 他去杭州了，所以他不可能幫助我們。He has come to our city. Lets go to visit him. 他已經(jīng)到我們城市來(lái)了，我們?nèi)グ菰L他吧。She has been in London for half a year. 她在倫敦已經(jīng)半年了。（4）注意兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)have been to和have gone to 的不同用法。have been to是表示“去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)返回）”的意思；have gone to是表示“已經(jīng)去了某地”的意思。例：We have been to the Great Wall for many times.我們已經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城好多次了。 They have already gone to the Great Wall. 他們已經(jīng)去了長(zhǎng)城。隨時(shí)練：1. Tony, _ you _ smoking? Yes. Drinking tea is my favorite now.A. will; stop B. did; stop C. would; stop D. have; stopped2. Mr. Smith speaks Chinese very well. He _ in China since 2000.A. has stayed B. stays C. is staying D. stayed3. Why wont you go to the movie with me? Because I _ it twice.A. see B. will see C. sawD. have seen4. I _ my father since I left my village. I miss him very much.A. didnt see B. havent seen C. wont see D. am seeing5. Where is your father, Mary? He _ Beijing with my mother.A. has been to B. has gone to C. had went D. went【答案】D A D B B幾種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別: 一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)到目前為止動(dòng)作的完成和結(jié)果，與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系，對(duì)現(xiàn)在也有影響。需要特別注意的是：強(qiáng)調(diào)做過(guò)的事，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，當(dāng)說(shuō)明或者詢(xún)問(wèn)做事的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)時(shí)，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：He has watched the football match. She watched it last Saturday. 她看了那場(chǎng)足球賽，她是上周六看的。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等，所以不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：Have you seen the film? Yes, I have. (表示結(jié)果：已經(jīng)看過(guò)了，因此了解了這部電影)When did you see it? I saw it last Sunday. (表示事實(shí)：過(guò)去做的一件事的時(shí)間)He has taught this class for two years. （現(xiàn)在仍教著，或者剛剛停止）He taught this class for two years. （過(guò)去教過(guò)）三、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥： 1. 助動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞混淆。She doesnt her homework at home.解析把doesnt改為doesnt do。2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)混淆。Look! All the boys play games under the tree.解析把play改為are playing。3. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)忘記使用謂語(yǔ)的過(guò)去時(shí)形式。Where does your father go last night?解析把does改為did。4. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)用法混淆。We learned three hundred words in the last two years.解析把learned改為have learned。5. 瞬間動(dòng)詞用作延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。My mother has come back for a month.解析把has come改為has been back。6. 時(shí)態(tài)在狀語(yǔ)從句中的誤用。We will call you when your father will come here.解析把will come改為comes。7. 賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)應(yīng)。He asked us what we will do tomorrow.解析本題是考查在賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句中一般要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)，即從句中原來(lái)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般要改成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，另外還要對(duì)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)加以調(diào)整。所以原句應(yīng)改為：He asked what we would do the next day.英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)一、中考要求： 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)中考要求掌握：動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式與使用。二、知識(shí)要點(diǎn)： 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示句子的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示句子的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者。例如：我們經(jīng)常擦黑板。We often clean the blackboard.（我們是擦黑板的執(zhí)行者即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）The blackboard is often cleaned by us. （黑板是clean的承受者即被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）。1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成： 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，有各種時(shí)態(tài)。（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am/is/are過(guò)去分詞。例如： The song is often sung by the little boys. 這首歌經(jīng)常被男孩子唱。（2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/were過(guò)去分詞。例如： The school was built in 1974. 這個(gè)學(xué)校是1974年建的