過去分詞短語-作狀語.doc

過去分詞短語作狀語 非謂語動(dòng)詞是英語語言所特有的語言現(xiàn)象。其中在學(xué)習(xí)分詞的過程中應(yīng)該明確，在大多數(shù)情況下分詞只是從句的一種省略形式，目的在于使語言更為簡練，尤其在書面語中。所以無論是現(xiàn)在分詞、還是過去分詞都與從句的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)、時(shí)態(tài)有著密切的關(guān)系。過去分詞短語在句中作狀語可表示原因、時(shí)間、讓步、條件、方式或伴隨等。例如：1.Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.受到鄰居們的表揚(yáng)，他成為父母的驕傲。（表示原因）2. Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看見，人們就忘不了。（表示時(shí)間）3.Seen from the top of the castle, the park looks very beautiful. （表示條件）從城堡頂端看，公園十分美麗4.Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to entered the cave.雖然被告之有危險(xiǎn)，他仍然冒生命危險(xiǎn)進(jìn)山洞。（表示讓步）5.Filled with hopes and fears, he dived deep into the ocean.（表示伴隨） 心中充滿了希望與恐懼，他跳進(jìn)了深海里。在使用過去分詞作狀語時(shí), 為了體現(xiàn)上下兩部分(句子層面)的邏輯關(guān)系, 句子中常出現(xiàn)過去分詞和連詞的連帶使用,比如例2和例4那樣的結(jié)構(gòu). 通過眾多例句分析, 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)過去分詞作狀語以下幾種情形：一、 句子的主語與作狀語用的過去分詞之間在邏輯上是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系例：_ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm .（2004，遼寧）AAttracting BAttracted C. To be attracted DHaving attracted分析：答案為B。句子的主語與作狀語用的過去分詞之間在邏輯上是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系?？梢园褷钫Z部分轉(zhuǎn)換為: （As the girl was ）attracted by the beauty of the nature, attracted 表示被動(dòng)意義“被迷住，被吸引”。If they are applied in agriculture, the machines will save farmers much labor. =If applied in agriculture, the machines will save farmers much labor. 如果將這些機(jī)器用于農(nóng)業(yè)，就可以省去農(nóng)民很多勞動(dòng)。注：連詞if，通常保留。二、由一些含be動(dòng)詞的短語或系表結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換來的。這時(shí)，句子的主語與作狀語用的過去分詞之間在邏輯上并沒有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。學(xué)過的能夠用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的常見短語有: be interested in ，be disappointed at/in/with， be pleased with，be astonished shocked at，be embarrassed about, be confused puzzled aboutbe frightened terrified of，be scared horrified of，be experienced at be engaged in，be occupied with，be involved in，be addicted to，be accustomed to，be adaptedadjusted to，be used to be related tobe connected to withbe linked tobe associated with be concerned with，be stuckcaught(up)trapped in be covered withbe filled withbe surrounded withby，be faced (up)with be equipped with， be determined to do sthbe devoted committed to be armed with be furnished withbe seated inbe dressed (up) inbe concerned about be based onbe buried in，be bent on，be focused on ，be concentrated on，be prepared with ，be satisfied withbe upset aboutbe well-known asfortobe designed for be meantintended forbe convinced ofbe sentenced tobe amazed surprised atbe disappointed withbe lost in be located in be charged withbe absorbed in be attached tobe ashamed of be mistaken aboutbe compared with 例：_ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（2005，湖南） A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 分析：答案為A?？梢园褷钫Z部分轉(zhuǎn)換為：When ( he was ) dressed in a white uniform,作狀語的過去分詞dressed來自于“be dressed in” 這個(gè)短語。be dressed in 表穿著的狀態(tài)，如：She is dressed in a blue skirt. 句子的主語he與作狀語用的過去分詞dressed之間在邏輯上并沒有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。例：_ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police（2005，江蘇）A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing分析：答案為B。可以把狀語部分轉(zhuǎn)換為: (After the two students were) lost in the mountains for a week,. 作狀語的過去分詞lost來自于“be lost in”迷路，迷失。如：He was lost in the forest. 句子的主語the two students 與作狀語用的過去分詞lost之間在邏輯上并沒有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。三、分詞短語由“while/when/unless/if/once /though/although+ 過去分詞”構(gòu)成。它們都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成由“while/when/unless/if/once /though/although + 主語 + 謂語 + 過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，這樣，整個(gè)句子就變成了狀語從句。句子的主語與作狀語用的過去分詞之間在邏輯上是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。近年來高考題單項(xiàng)填空題中多次考查了這種用法，值得我們復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)注意。例：The research is so designed that once_ nothing can be done to change it. (2002,廣東) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun分析：答案為D。可以把此句轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句：The research is so designed that once (it is )begun nothing can be done to change it.例：Unless_ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (2003,上海春招) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited分析：答案為A?？梢园褷钫Z部分轉(zhuǎn)換為：Unless (you are) invited to speak,例：Generally speaking, _ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect. (2003上海) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken分析：答案為B。同樣可以把狀語部分轉(zhuǎn)換為：when (the drug is )taken according to directions,你能給出下邊高考題的正確答案并說明理由嗎？1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned2. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.(2004,全國II)A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced3.When _ help, one often says“Thank you.”or“Its kind of you.”（2005，福建）Aoffering Bto offer Cto be offered D. offered4. When_, the museum will he open to the public next year. (2002,上海春招)A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed答案：1. C (= when a lie is questioned) 2. B (=When these products were introduced) 3. D (=When one is offered to help) 4. A (=When the museum is completed)四：分詞短語中的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者不是后面句子的主語發(fā)出的，其邏輯主語同句子的主語也不一致， “主語+過去分詞短語” 即獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 作狀語用的分詞，其邏輯主語必須同句中主語為同一人或同一事，如以上所舉的各例。但英語中有一種語法現(xiàn)象，那就是當(dāng)分詞有它自己的獨(dú)立主語（不同于句子主語的名詞或代詞）時(shí)，則是一種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式，在句中作狀語等。The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考試結(jié)束了，我們開始放假。（分詞短語中的邏輯主語the test與句子中的主語 we不一致，分詞短語中的動(dòng)詞finished的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者也不是后面句子的主語we發(fā)出的）The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.= After the meeting was gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.會(huì)議結(jié)束后，每個(gè)人都想早點(diǎn)回家。（分詞短語中的邏輯主語the meeting與句子中的主語 everyone不一致,分詞短語中的動(dòng)詞gone over的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者也不是后面句子的主語everyone發(fā)出的）All things considered, I think we ought to take the adventure.= If all things are considered, I think we ought to take the adventure.如果周到地考慮，我們應(yīng)該去冒險(xiǎn)。（分詞短語中的邏輯主語all things與句子中的主語 I不一致, 分詞短語中的動(dòng)詞considered的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者也不是后面句子的主語I發(fā)出的）過去分詞作狀語應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：1過去分詞作狀語，說白了，就是英語中各種狀語從句或并列句的省略。其前提條件是主從句的主語必須保持一致。所以要做到熟練的相互轉(zhuǎn)化，并應(yīng)用到寫作當(dāng)中去。Taught by the two gentlemen, Eliza made great progress. = As Elisa was taught by the two gentlemen, she made great progress. (When) asked about it, she said she knew nothing. 當(dāng)問起她這件事時(shí)，她說她不知道。=When she was asked about it, she said she knew nothing.Once educated to speak properly, she could pass herself off in three months as a duchess.= Once that girl was educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess. 2. 注意過去分詞形式的獨(dú)