2015年學(xué)大教育藝考生課程——詞匯 第二講 English around the world.doc

2015年學(xué)大教育藝考生課程詞匯 第二講 English around the world適用學(xué)科英語適用年級(jí)高三適用區(qū)域全國課時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)（分鐘）60知識(shí)點(diǎn)名詞辨析；動(dòng)詞辨析；副詞辨析；形容詞辨析；動(dòng)詞短語辨析；完成句子；句子翻譯；教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)：1.快速復(fù)習(xí)掌握本單元詞匯。 2.快速擴(kuò)詞匯量 方法：1.老師和學(xué)生一起翻譯短文并從中找出自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯。 2.學(xué)生將不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯整理到筆記本上，并默寫出所整理的詞匯的漢語意思。 能力：1.能根據(jù)老師所翻譯的文章快速記住生詞的漢語意思。 2.能通過不斷上漲的詞匯量快速提高閱讀能力。 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1. 能根據(jù)老師所翻譯的文章快速記住生詞的漢語意思。2. 能通過不斷上漲的詞匯量快速提高閱讀能力。 教學(xué)難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)單詞、短語的靈活運(yùn)用教學(xué)過程一、課堂導(dǎo)入通過話題討論：Do you know the difference between British English and American English?自然的進(jìn)入課堂教學(xué)內(nèi)容。二、預(yù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)1）The important words in M1 unit one :1、upset adj.vt.(upset, upset) _2、ignore vt. _3、calm vt. & vi.adj. _4、concern vt. n. _5、loose adj. _6、power n. _7、dusty adj. _8、settle vi. vt. _9、suffer vt. & vi. _10、recover vi. & vt. _【答案】1.心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的使不安；使心煩2.不理睬；忽視3.（使）平靜；鎮(zhèn)靜的；4.（使）擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到 5松的；松開的 6能力；力量；權(quán)力7積滿灰塵的8安家；定居；停留 使定居；安排；解決9遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷10痊愈；恢復(fù)；重新獲得2）The important phrases in this passage: 1.add up_2.calm down_3. be concerned about_ 4. go through_5. set down_ 6. a series of_7. on purpose_8. in order to _9. suffer from _10.be tired of _【答案】1 .合計(jì)2. 使平靜下來 3 .關(guān)心；掛念 4. 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受 5. 記下；放下；登記6. 一連串的；一系列；一套 7. 故意 8. 為了 9 .遭受；患病 10. 對(duì)某事厭煩 三、知識(shí)講解翻譯下面由本單元詞匯所編成的故事 要求學(xué)生在翻譯過程中不會(huì)的詞匯用橫線標(biāo)出 （一）The passage Different Countries Have Different Kinds of Englishes不同的國家有不同的英語Voyages of people from England play an important part in spreading the English language. At present, English is frequently spoken as an official or common language in many countries, such as America, Singapore, Malaysia and some African countries. All based on British English, the English spoken in these countries can be well understood by native English speakers. But actually, these Englishes have been gradually changing in accents, spellings, expressions and the usage of vocabulary.Because of this fact, you can make use of the differences to tell which country the foreigners of your block are from. For example, if a boss fluently commands his driver, “Come up straight to my apartment by Elevator and take some gas for my trucks and cabs”, instead of requesting, “Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis”, you can recognize his American identity, while the latter suggests that he is British.英國人的航海在英語的傳播中扮演了重要的角色。目前，英語在許多國家被作為官方語言或通用語言頻繁地使用，例如美國、新加波、馬來西亞和一些非洲的國家。這些國家的英語都以英式英語為基礎(chǔ)，能很好地為以英語為本族語的人所理解。但是實(shí)際上，這些英語在口音、拼寫、表達(dá)和詞匯的使用方面都在逐漸變化。因?yàn)檫@一情況的存在，你就可以利用這些英語之間的區(qū)別說出你們街區(qū)的外國人是哪個(gè)國家來的了。例如，如果有個(gè)老板流利地命令他的司機(jī)：“Come up straight to my apartment by elevator and take some gas for my trucks and cabs（直接搭電梯到我公寓上來拿卡車和出租車的汽油）”，而不是要求說，“Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis（請(qǐng)直接搭電梯到我公寓上來拿卡車和出租車的汽油）”，你就可以輕易地辨認(rèn)出他的美國人身份，而后者卻暗示著那是一位英國人。（請(qǐng)注意：聽力錄音里第二段兩個(gè)“電梯”的單詞跟原文不一致，原文是對(duì)的，錄音弄錯(cuò)了，elevator才是美式說法而lift是英式說法。)（二）重點(diǎn)知識(shí)總結(jié)與解析：1）The important word in this passage: 1、native adj. n. _2、apartment n. _3、actually adv. _4、base vt. _5、gradually adv. _6、vocabulary n. _7、latter adj. _8、fluent adj. _9、frequent adj. _10、command n.& vt. _11、request n. & vt. _12、expression n. _13、recognize vt. _14、accent n. _15、straight adv. adj. _【答案】1.本國的;本地的n. 本地人；本國人 2. 公寓住宅；單元住宅3. 實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上 4. 以為根據(jù)n. 基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)5. 逐漸地；逐步地 6. 詞匯；詞匯量；詞表7.較后的;后半的;（兩者中）后者的 8.流利的；流暢的9.頻繁的；常見的 10.命令；指令；掌握11. 請(qǐng)求；要求 12.詞語；表示；表達(dá)13. 辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn) 14. 口音；腔調(diào)；重音15. 直接； 筆直的；2）The important phrases in this passage: 1、because of _2、come up _3、at present _4、make use of _5、such as _6、play a part (in) _【答案】1、 因?yàn)?；由?、走近；上來；提出3、 現(xiàn)在；目前4、 利用；使用5、例如6、 扮演一個(gè)角色；參與（三）知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解：重點(diǎn)詞匯知識(shí)點(diǎn)1 base vt.以為根據(jù)n基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)教材原句It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.(P10)比起現(xiàn)在我們說的(英語)它更大程度上是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的。必會(huì)base.on. 根據(jù)；以為基礎(chǔ)(sth.) be based on. 以為基礎(chǔ)on the basis of 根據(jù)，在的基礎(chǔ)上，基于basic adj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的basically adv.基本上【例句體會(huì)】 After all, the doctorpatient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential.畢竟，醫(yī)患之間的關(guān)系是建立在相互信任的基礎(chǔ)上，所以誠實(shí)尤其重要。One should always base his opinion on facts.人們應(yīng)該總是把觀點(diǎn)建立在事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上?！練w納拓展】在作狀語表示“基于為背景(考慮)”時(shí)，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為：“based on.”；在作定語時(shí)表示“基于的事物”時(shí)，也常用過去分詞作后置定語，如：theory based on facts 基于事實(shí)的理論。The novel _ facts.這部小說是以事實(shí)為背景寫的。答案：based on_ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.ABasedBBasingCBaseDTo base答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)2 request n. & vt. 請(qǐng)求；要求教材原句In English you use a command or a request when you want someone to do something.(P12)在英語中，當(dāng)你想讓別人做事時(shí)，你可以使用命令或請(qǐng)求方式。必會(huì)request sb. to do sth. 請(qǐng)求某人做某事request that sb. (should) do sth. 請(qǐng)求It is requested that.據(jù)要求延伸make (a) request for.請(qǐng)求，要求at sbs requestat the request of sb.應(yīng)某人之要求request sth. of sb.要求某人某物【例句體會(huì)】 The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week.每周MAP都收到多達(dá)50條畫壁畫的要求。You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant. 請(qǐng)不要在餐館里吸煙。He only did what was requested of him.他只是照章辦事?！練w納拓展】request后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句的謂語應(yīng)是should動(dòng)詞原形，或直接用動(dòng)詞原形，有些同學(xué)常常忽略這一點(diǎn)。Dont respond to any emails _personal information, no matter how official they look.Asearching BaskingCrequesting Dquestioning答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)3 recognize vt. 辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn)教材原句Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each others dialects.(P13)雖然美國人經(jīng)常搬遷，但他們?nèi)匀荒茏R(shí)別并理解彼此的方言必會(huì)recognize sb. (sbs voice)認(rèn)出某人，(聽出某人的聲音) be recognized to be/as. 被認(rèn)作/被認(rèn)為是It is recognized that.人們公認(rèn)【例句體會(huì)】 若想全面掌握recognize一詞，必須知道其三個(gè)方面的用法，即：認(rèn)出(聽出)、認(rèn)為(認(rèn)作)、承認(rèn)(認(rèn)可)，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們?cè)诶渲姓J(rèn)真體會(huì)。The moment I picked up the phone, I recognized his voice. 我一拿起電話就聽出了他的聲音。The Guangzhou Asian Games is widely recognized as a great success. 普便認(rèn)為廣州亞運(yùn)會(huì)取得了巨大成功。It is recognized that environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face. 人們一致認(rèn)為環(huán)境污染已經(jīng)成為人們面臨的最嚴(yán)重的問題之一?！練w納拓展】單項(xiàng)填空My family are all musicians, so I was _ when I went into our local music store.Arecognized Binterviewed Cfound Dinvited答案：A重點(diǎn)詞組知識(shí)點(diǎn)1 because of 因?yàn)?，由于教材原句Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. (P9)在下一個(gè)世紀(jì)晚期，來自英國的人們長(zhǎng)途跋涉去征服世界的其他地方，也是由于這一點(diǎn)，英語在許多國家得到使用。必會(huì)due to 由于(作表語或狀語，一般不放于句首) owing to 由于(作表語或狀語) as a result of 因?yàn)椋挥捎?作狀語) thanks to 多虧；由于(作表語或狀語) because 因?yàn)椋捎?用于引導(dǎo)狀語從句和表語從句)He had to retire because of ill health.他因?yàn)榻】禒顩r不佳，所以不得不退休。He walked slowly because of his bad leg.他走得慢是因?yàn)樗扔忻?。易錯(cuò)提醒because of是短語介詞，后面可接名詞，代詞或名詞性從句。because what he did (由于他所做的事)，這種說法是錯(cuò)誤的，應(yīng)該是because of what he did，千萬注意。He was late not only _ his illness but also _ _ he missed the train.Abecause; forBbecause of; becauseCfor; because ofDbecause of; because of答案：DThe manager refused to have his daughter in his department _ showing favor to her.Ain need ofBbecause ofCfor fear ofDregardless of答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)2 come up 走近；上來；發(fā)芽；發(fā)生；被提出；(太陽、月亮)升起教材原句Id like to come up to your apartment. (P10)我愿意來你的公寓。The seeds havent come up yet.(種子)芽還沒有長(zhǎng)出土來。The question hasnt come up yet.這個(gè)問題尚未被提出來。方法規(guī)律當(dāng)說到某人提出某個(gè)問題時(shí)，應(yīng)用come up with, 即：(某人)come up with a question (plan, an idea.)必會(huì)come up with 想出，提出；找到；產(chǎn)生come about 發(fā)生come across 穿過(路、橋)；偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)come on (風(fēng)、雨等)到來；(演員)出場(chǎng)；趕快；得了吧come out 出版；出來，出現(xiàn)；結(jié)果是come to 蘇醒；總計(jì)；達(dá)到；談到How did it _ _ that you were late for half an hour？你遲到半小時(shí)，這是怎么回事？When he _ _，he found himself surrounded by a lot of people. 答案：come about come to當(dāng)他蘇醒時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)被許多人圍著。The record which _ at the end of last year was a great success throughout the country.Acame aboutBcame throughCcame outDcame around答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)3 make use of 利用；使用教材原句So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. (P10)到17世紀(jì)，莎士比亞使用了比以往更多的詞匯。必會(huì)make full/the best/good use of 充分利用make the most of, take advantage of be of great use 很有用It be no use doing sth. 做沒用延伸come into use 開始被使用bring/put.to use 把投入使用We should make good use of every minute to learn well. 我們應(yīng)充分利用分分秒秒把學(xué)習(xí)搞好。She put her knowledge of German to good use. 她充分運(yùn)用自己的德語知識(shí)。I think youll find this book of great use (to you). 我想你會(huì)覺得這書(對(duì)你)很有用。方法規(guī)律“make use of sth.”有兩種變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的形式，一個(gè)是讓use作主語，一個(gè)是讓sth.作主語。如果把例句變?yōu)閮蓚€(gè)被動(dòng)句，應(yīng)該是這樣的：Every minute should be made good use of to learn well.Good use should be made of every minute to learn well._ trying to persuade him to have a holiday because he is a workaholic.他是一個(gè)工作狂，試圖說服他度假根本無用。答案：It is no use The manager of the company told us that very little _ was made of the waste material in the past.AcostBvalue CuseDmatter答案：C重點(diǎn)句型知識(shí)點(diǎn)1 more.than.與其說倒不如說教材原句It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. (P10)當(dāng)時(shí)的英語更多是以德語為基礎(chǔ)，而不是我們今天所說的英語。方法規(guī)律more.than.意為“與其倒不如”，此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)more后面的內(nèi)容，表示同一個(gè)人或事物的兩種特征對(duì)比，more和than后接形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)，名詞或介詞短語等兩個(gè)并列成分。She was more sad than angry when her son lied.當(dāng)她的兒子撒謊時(shí)，與其說她生氣倒不如說她傷心。易錯(cuò)提醒有些同學(xué)把上述結(jié)構(gòu)誤認(rèn)為是形容詞比較級(jí)，這是大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)的。故不可以把上面例句中的more sad than angry改為sadder than angry, 特此提醒。必會(huì)(1)more than數(shù)詞或從句超過more than形容詞 非常more than名詞 不只是；不僅是(2)no more than (five) 只不過；僅僅not more than(five) 不超過；至多 rather than 而不是other than 除了；不同于Im more than happy to take you there in my car.我非常樂意用我的車帶你去那里。Songs that are spoken rather than sung are called rap. 用來說而不是唱的歌曲叫說唱樂。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2 even if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句教材原句Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.(P10)以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，也可以相互理解。句式分析此句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，even if是連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。方法規(guī)律同學(xué)們一定要學(xué)會(huì)分析even if(though)、though和as though之間的區(qū)別：even if/though “即使，盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。主從句皆表示將來的情況，該從句往往表述可能性不大或假設(shè)的事情。although (though) 雖然引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但從句內(nèi)容不表可能性，而是客觀事實(shí)。as if/as though “好像，似乎”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句或表語從句。當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句用虛擬語氣；當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容發(fā)生的可能性很大時(shí)，用陳述語氣。Even if/though you graduate from college, you should still continue to learn.即使你大學(xué)畢業(yè)了也要繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。Although you have graduated from college, you should still continue to learn. 雖然你已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了，但你仍需繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。易錯(cuò)提醒觀察以上兩句，注意even though和although的區(qū)別，前者更多地表示一種可能性或假設(shè)，而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實(shí)，這是一個(gè)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。四、例題精析【例題1】A number of questions _ at the meeting yesterday, but none was answered. A. cared about B. came up C. dug out D. set up【答案】B。考查短語詞義?！窘馕觥縞ome up被提出，符合句意。care about關(guān)心； dig out掘出； set up 建立。 【例題2】He came to the front of the building and _the line of the people. A. joined B.joined in C.took part in D.attended【答案】A?？疾橥x詞的辨析?！窘馕觥縥oin 指“加入組織機(jī)構(gòu)”或后接人；join in通常后拉活動(dòng)類名稱； take part in指“參加大型群眾性活動(dòng)”； attend則指“參加會(huì)議、典禮等”。 【例題3】Jack wasnt saying anything ,but the teacher smiled at him _he had done something very clever. A.as if B.in case C.while D.though【答案】A?？疾檫B詞的用法?！窘馕觥縜s if 意為盡管，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。五、課堂運(yùn)用【基礎(chǔ)】 根據(jù)單詞變形1 office n n adj.【答案】officer official 2 fluent adj. adv. n【答案】fluently fluency 3 usage n n. & v adj. adj. （反義詞） 【答案】use useful useless 4 command n. & vt. n 【答案】commander 5 express v n adj. 【答案】expression expressive 【鞏固】根據(jù)句意及漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。1. Though he has studied English for only two years, he can speak it _（流利地）.【答案】fluently 【解析】副詞的用法。2. Our baby is just starting to speak; he has a _ (詞匯)of about ten words.【答案】vocabulary 【解析】名詞的用法。3. Try to learn by heart these English words and _ (短語) .【答案】 expressions 【解析】名詞的用法。4. Many ancient _(文化) are only known through archaeology.【答案】cultures 【解析】名詞的用法。5. The _ （航行）from America to France used to take two months.【答案】 voyage 【解析】名詞的用法。6. He looked calm, but _ （事實(shí)上）he was very nervous.【答案】actually 【解析】副詞的用法。7. An _(官員) of the local government promised to deal with the matter.【答案】 officer【解析】名詞的用法。8. An _ （電梯）is a machine for raising and lowering something.【答案】 elevator 【解析】名詞的用法。9. So far, the police are still uncertain about the murderers _.(身份)【答案】 identity 【解析】名詞的用法。10. As can be easily seen, not everybody is satisfied with the _(現(xiàn)在的) situation.【答案】present 【解析】形容詞的用法?！咎岣摺坑h互譯一）英譯漢1. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 答案： 從那以后，琥珀屋的去處就成了一個(gè)謎。2. By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one. 答案： 通過研究琥珀屋的舊照片，他們使新的琥珀屋看上去像以前的琥珀屋。3. One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels. 答案： 一天，他正在一家二手家具店里查看，這時(shí)他在不同的花瓶和首飾中看見了一個(gè)神奇的東西4. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. 答案： 在審判過程中，法官必須斷定哪些目擊者的話可信，哪些不可信。5. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the countrys best artists about ten years to make. 答案： 還是一件裝飾著黃金和珠寶的寶物，這個(gè)國家最優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家花費(fèi)了近十年的時(shí)間才完成它。二）漢譯英1. 人們高度評(píng)價(jià)了這個(gè)花瓶. 【答案和解析】 People thought highly of the vase.2. 她所做的值得表揚(yáng)?！敬鸢负徒馕觥?What she did was worth praising.3. 毫無疑問，Tom 能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽?！敬鸢负徒馕觥?There is no doubt that Tom can win the game.4. 這塊地預(yù)定做花園?！敬鸢负徒馕觥?This piece of land is designed for a garden.5. 他經(jīng)常拆卸他的自行車?！敬鸢负徒馕觥?He often takes his bicycle apart.課程小結(jié)本節(jié)課主要圍繞必修一unit two詞匯進(jìn)行多方位記憶，將精心挑選出的表達(dá)情感類的詞匯、短語進(jìn)行匯編串聯(lián)，夠成趣味文章。需要重點(diǎn)掌握的是除了本單元的詞匯 還有文章中出現(xiàn)的其他詞匯的漢語意思。盡可能多的擴(kuò)大詞匯量，盡可能快的記住每個(gè)生詞的意思，近年高考對(duì)詞匯的考查越來越重視，因此，同學(xué)在通過詞匯量的增大，快速提高了閱讀能力，使整個(gè)高考題的卷面分?jǐn)?shù)全面提高課后作業(yè)【基礎(chǔ)】 一）根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。1. what play an important part in spreading the English language.? A.Jewels B.Voyages C.Bike D. Horse【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)文章的第一句可知是英國人的航海，所以本題選擇B. 2. What is the meaning of apartment in the second paragraph？A. building B. house C. flat D.pool【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)文章的第二段的描述要求到公寓，所以本題選擇C. 3. According to the passage, why English spread to Australia and America? _A. Because there were seven millions people or so speaking English.B. Because they made voyages to conquer other parts of the word. C. Because English plays an important role in communication.D.B