土木工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)?？紗卧~.doc

單詞 一、intersections 交叉，十字路口pavement 路面，人行道prestressed 預(yù)應(yīng)力的drainage 排水，排水系統(tǒng)，污水erosion 侵蝕，腐蝕two-lane roads 雙車道公路traffic volume 交通量cross section 橫截面flexible pavement 柔性路面asphalt pavement 瀝青路面rigid pavement 剛性路面fatigue failure 疲勞失效drainage facilities 排水設(shè)施subbase 底基層surface 面層design speed 設(shè)計(jì)速度design traffic volume 設(shè)計(jì)交通量number of lanes 車道數(shù)level of service (LOS) 公路等級(jí)Sight distance 視距cross section 橫斷面ane width 車道寬alignment super -elevation, and grades 超高 和等級(jí)劃分單詞 二、civil engineering 土木工程 surveying 測(cè)量，測(cè)量學(xué) water resources engineering 水利資源工程 environmental engineering 環(huán)境工程coastal engineering 海岸工程earthquake engineering 地震工程structural engineering 結(jié)構(gòu)工程geotechnical engineering 巖土工程transportation engineering交通工程facilities 設(shè)施disciplines 學(xué)科foundations 基礎(chǔ)（建筑基礎(chǔ)）construction 施工、建造單詞 三、bridges 橋梁highways 公路sewers下水道underground water systems 地下水系統(tǒng)forces 荷載structural framework 結(jié)構(gòu)骨架concrete 混凝土durability 耐久性resistance to fire 耐火性strength 強(qiáng)度compression 壓力tension 張力 拉力brittle material脆性材料settlement 沉降statics 靜力學(xué)theelastic modulus（彈性模量）concrete mix（配合比）age（齡期）long-term loads 永久荷載 short-term loads 短期荷載aggregates 骨料單詞 四、Crack裂縫shrinkage cracking 收縮裂縫tension cracking 張拉裂縫cement 水泥portland cement 硅酸鹽水泥beam 梁creep 蠕變concrete Creepdeformation 變形strain 應(yīng)變stress 應(yīng)力the elastic strain 彈性應(yīng)變yield point 屈服點(diǎn)reinforced concrete鋼筋混凝土單詞 五、ductility 延展性tensile 拉伸corrosion 腐蝕性 binder material 粘結(jié)劑coefficient of thermal expansion 熱膨脹系數(shù)asphalt pavement 瀝青路 traffic load 交通荷載limit States極限狀態(tài)ultimate limit state最終極限狀態(tài)（承載能力極限狀態(tài)）special limit states 特殊極限荷載serviceability limit states 正常使用極限狀態(tài)limit 一 states Design極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)rigid 剛性flexible 柔性的rupture 破裂instability 失穩(wěn)deformations of the structure 結(jié)構(gòu)的變形structural Safety 結(jié)構(gòu)安全性Truss 桁架，構(gòu)架；Cantilever 懸臂Girder 大梁Plasticity 粘性 塑性brittle 脆性deflection 撓度，偏轉(zhuǎn)cable-stayed bridges 斜拉橋composite construction 組合結(jié)構(gòu)elastic-plastic range 彈塑性范圍brittle fracture 脆性破壞arches 拱橋單詞 六、solid brick masonry 實(shí)心砌體skeleton structure 框架結(jié)構(gòu)high-rise buildings 高層建筑air-conditioning 空氣調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)load-bearing outer wall 承重外墻bearing wall 承重墻sky-scraping construction 摩天建筑七、將下列英文句子劃線部份的短語(yǔ)翻譯成中文例句：1、As a result of bending the upper part of the beam is compressed and the lower half is stretched. If its （1）compressive strength is too low, it will buckle; if its （2）tensile strength is too low, it will break. Key：（1）抗壓強(qiáng)度 （2）抗拉強(qiáng)度2、Studies are made to estimate（3） the amount of bridge traffic,（4） the relief of jammed traffic in nearby highway networks, the effects on the regional economy, and the cost of the bridge. Key：（3） 橋梁交通量 （4）擁堵交通的緩解八、將下列英文句子翻譯成中文例句：1、Before the design and construction of a new highway or highway improvement can