譯林版高中英語牛津版必修一學案（湖南省專用）：記單詞和猜詞技巧.doc

鍵入文字高一英語 提高班 單詞一怎樣記單詞1、結合記憶法：將比較生疏，不常用的單詞放入一定的語言環(huán)境句子中，結合句意來記憶單詞。遇到此單詞時，若詞義忘記，則可通過回憶所在句子的意思來記憶單詞。例如：slope: n. 傾斜；坡度；斜度e.g. there is always a certain slope in a ships deck. 船的甲板總有幾分傾斜。 斜面；斜坡e.g. we climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我們爬了那座陡峭的傾坡。 vi.傾斜e.g. the railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 鐵路在此處有輕微的傾斜。critical: adj.批評（性）的，吹毛求疵的i dont like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜歡對每件事都太吹毛疵的人。緊要的，關鍵的；危急的his condition is reported as being very critical. 據(jù)報告他的情況非常危急。2、同類記憶法將同類詞匯收集在一起，同時背記。注意，同類詞匯與同義詞不同：同義詞是指意思相同，而同類詞是指基本屬性相同、具體意義的層次，級別或范圍不同的一類詞匯如headmaster和principal是同義詞，都表示，“中小學校長”；president和chancellor是同義詞，都表示大專院?！靶ｉL”。這兩組詞是同類詞匯，都表示“校長”，但具體級別不同，所以兩組詞不是同義詞。再如bachelor（學士）、master（碩士），doctor （博士）三個詞都表示學位授予的情況，“但具體級別不同，所以這三個詞也是一組同類詞匯。3、比較記憶法把同義詞或形似詞放在一起，加以區(qū)別、說明來掌握單詞的方法。記憶的過程是一組組，一對對單詞同時記憶。這種記憶方法可以記住單詞拼寫的同時，還掌握了詞與詞的區(qū)別和各自特殊的用法，于是將平時極易混淆的單詞清楚地區(qū)別開。例如：同義詞admit和confess均表示“承認”。但confess，含有“坦白”，“懺悔”，的意思，而admit卻無此意。admit除含有“承認”之意外，還含有“允許，接納”的意思。acquire、inquire、require是三個形似詞，拼寫很相似，但意思卻完全不同acquire（取得，獲得）。inquire（打聽，查詢）、require（需要，要求，命令）。4、構詞法記憶法通過掌握構詞法來記憶單詞。英語主要有三種構詞法： 轉化，即由一個詞類轉化為另一個詞類。例如：picture（n）畫-picture（v）描繪 water（n）水water（v） 澆水 派生，即通過加前綴或后綴構成另一個詞，例如：happyunhappy（加前綴）happiness（加后綴） 合成，即由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。例如：wood（木）cut（刻）woodcut（木刻） pea（豌豆）nuts（堅果） peanut（花生）5、根義記憶法利用根義代替記憶多義，可以解決“沒有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問題 the woman immediately behind the car. she is my immediate neighbor.immediate（ly）根義：中間沒有間隔（地），（時間）立刻；（空間）緊挨，通接，緊跟 6巧借拼音妙記單詞 ban n.禁令，禁止記法將“ban”當作漢字“頒”的拼音，則可記成：頒ban布禁令。 change n./v.變化，改變記法將“chang”當作漢字“嫦”的拼音，“e”當作漢字“娥”的拼音；則可記成：嫦chang娥e跳舞，變化多端。 gang n.一群，一伙記法將“gang”當作漢字“岡”的拼音；則可記成：一群大老虎，重現(xiàn)景陽岡gang。 jump n./v.記法將“ju”當作漢字“車”的拼音，“m”當作漢字“馬”的拼音聲母，“p”當作漢字“炮”的拼音聲母；則可記成：象棋車ju馬m炮p，不停地跳躍。 mouse n.鼠，鼠標記法將“mou”當作漢字“某”的拼音，“se”當作漢字“色”的拼音；則可記成：某mou種顏色se的鼠標。 pale a.蒼白的，灰白的記法將“pa”當作漢字“怕”的拼音，“l(fā)e”當作漢字“了”的拼音；則可記成：蒼白的臉色，表明他怕pa了le。 7連詞成句 馬戲團的鸚鵡：它一歲的age(年紀) 會說人的language(語言) 頭腦很懂manage(經(jīng)營) 要求增加wage(薪水) 惹得老板rage(發(fā)怒 ) 把它關進cage(籠子) 敗家女的生活 天生就很lazy(懶惰的) 生活就愛cozy(舒適的) 上街血拼crazy(瘋狂的) 體胖心感uneasy(不安的) 減肥虛脫dizzy(頭暈眼花的) 成天沉溺fantasy(幻想) 作家的退休生活 每月都領pension(退休金) 天天守著television(電視機) 社交沒有occasion(場合) 生活缺乏passion(激情) 于是下定decision(決心) 進行舊書revision(修訂) 八戒怨唐僧 總住破爛hut(小屋) 門都沒有shut(關閉) 餐餐吃peanut(花生) 一年沒haircut(理發(fā)) 老指俺的nut(堅果,頭) 說等妖怪cut(砍,剪) 猜猜這是哪 有一個nation(國家) 最崇拜examination(考試) 不考查creation(創(chuàng)造) 只檢查information(知識) 不管你有多少imagination(想象力) 也只能聽到老師的explanation(解釋) 二猜詞技巧1. 定義與解釋線索 definition and explanation clues 單詞的意義可由定義線索來判斷。常用的詞有：is, are, or, means, is called, known as, refer to, that is, in other words。也可以通過同位語、定于從句、破折號、括號、插入語等解釋線索來猜詞悟義。例： philatelist is a person who collects stamps. ( ) solar energy is energy from the sun. ( ) people who study the stars are called astronomers. ( ) there are four parts, or components, in a simple stereo system. ( ) diet also refers to the kinds of food one eats regularly. for example, if someone eats meat and fish but no fruits and vegetables, his diet is not well balanced. ( ) some people do not eat meat or fish at all, they are called vegetarians. ( )2. 同義線索(synonym clues) 單詞的詞義可靠同義線索來判斷。例：some animals hibernate in winter. they have winter sleep under the mud, or under the snow. ( ) sir isaac newton discovered the law of gravity. this rule tells us why things fall to the ground.( ) ( ) in the united states businessmen are skilled at handling strong disagreements in meeting. the japanese, on the other hand, are adroit at avoiding such confrontations.( ) ( ) the teenagers was ordered to make full restitution to the owner of the damaged car. he swiftly made full payment for the damage to the auto he had hit. ( ) the cost of a college education is skyrocketing. since tuition costs are rapidly rising, many students must take jobs to help meet expenses. ( ) moving closer to school can both ameliorate your commuting problem and improve your social life. ( )3. 反義線索(antonym clues) 通過反義線索可悟出詞義。常用的詞有：but, although, however, despite, nevertheless, rather, yet, while, on the other hand, in contrast with/to, instead of等等。例： everyone has strong points as well as drawbacks. （ ） although the patient is usually morose, she seemed happy today. ( ) some students were inadvertently late for class while a few were purposely late. ( ) the major points of your plan are clear to me, but the details are still hazy. ( ) even though he was usually a careful driver, he was arrested after yesterdays party for reckless driving. ( ) that woman confuses me; sometimes she is so warm and friendly, and other times, she is very standoffish. ( )4. 推理線索(inference clues) 例： the soldiers were ordered to fire to the enemy. in this sentence, fire means . they lit a fire using only flint(火石) and wood. in this sentence, fire means .a. to let someone go from a job b. to shoot c. red-hot flames the workers gathered cane in the fields. cane means .a. a stick used as support in walking b. sugar stalksc. to hit with a piece of wood d. to weave wood pieces, as in a chair the chair recognized each speaker at the meeting. chair means .a. a piece of furniture b. to take ones seat c. a leader d. to direct a session rice is considered a staple in many countries. staple means .a. a basic food substance b. to fasten papers c. a metal clip used to attach items d. to supply with food5. 經(jīng)歷線索（experience clues）例：dr holmes tried to alleviate marcias fear by explaining the operation. in this sentence, alleviate means . he was sitting on the front stoop waiting for the paper boy to arrive.a. a chief supporter b. a basement c. poster d. set of steps in the last olympic games, athletes rivaled each other for the gold medals.a. matched b. touched c. competed with d. equaled people in position of leadership are predominantly men.a. wholly b. partly c. mainly d. minimally before we presented the play, we rehearsed for three weeks.a. repeated b. practiced c. performed d. recited the innocent(無辜的) man denied that he had stolen the money.a. confessed b. refused c. declared untrue d. admitted6. 因果線索 （cause and effect clues） 例：the collision of the two cars caused a lot of damage to both. ( ) sam was fired because he could not fulfill his work requirements.a. dismissed b. produced c. shot d. stimulated thousands of products have been banned because government officials judged them to be dangerous.a. offered b. supported c. provided d. prohibited (禁止) i n